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Anggita Citra Resmi
Aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak sambiloto (andrographis paniculata burm F/ Nees) pada mencit yang terinfeksi plasmodium berghei in vivo: analisis kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan glutation (GSH) pada hati = Antimalarial activity of (andrographis panniculata burm .fF/nees) extracts in plasmodium berghei infected mice in vivo: analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione level in liver
"Sambiloto atau Andrographis panniculata merupakan tanaman tradisional herbal yang yang banyak ditemui di Indonesia. Penelitian Biokimia tentang efek antioksidan zat berkhasiatnya belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) pada hati mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei melalui pengukuran kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan glutation (GSH).
Metode: Mencit jantan galur Balb/c dengan berat 28-30 g, 7-8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: Kontrol, Kelompok A: kontrol negatif, Kelompok B: EES 2 mg/kgBB/hari selama 7 hari, C: klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB/hari selama 3 hari. MDA dan GSH diperiksa dengan metode spektrofotometri.
Hasil: Terlihat kadar MDA hati yang lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan EES dan klorokuin, walaupun tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (p≥0,05). Pada kelompok B dan C terlihat peningkatan kadar GSH dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif, kenaikan ini mendekati kadar kelompok kontrol. Pada pengujian statistik, tidak terlihat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok K, B dan C (p≥0,05).
Kesimpulan: EES dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan kadar GSH pda hati mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei, walaupun hasil ini belum bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Untuk aktivitas yang lebih signifikan di hati diperlukan pemberian EES dengan dosis yang lebih tinggi dari 2 mg/kgBB.
Andrographis paniculata is a traditional herb medicine usually used in Indonesia. The aim of this study were to determine the anti-malarial activity of ethanolic extract of sambiloto (EES) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice through measuring the malondialdehyde MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels.
Methods: Male mice (Balb/c strain) with weight 28-30 g, 7-8 weeks old, were randomly devided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group K: control (nil), Group A: negative control, and 2 treatment groups (B, C). Group B: EES 2 mg/kgBW, once per day for 7 days, and group C: chloroquine 10 mg/kgBW, once a day, for 3 days. All treatment was administered orally.
Results: MDA level of liver occurs lower in the EES and chloroquine treatment groups, although is not significant with negative control group (p ≥ 0.05). In B and C groups shown the increase of GSH liver level compared to the negative control group, but the level is approaching control group. On statistical analysis, there is no significant difference seen between the control, B and C groups (p ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion: EES can reduce MDA level and increased GSH level in mice liver infected with Plasmodium berghei, although this result is not significant compared to the negative control. For the significant effect, need further investigation to find the appropriate dose for hepar tissue."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteraan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Shabrina Narasati
aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak etanol sambiloto andrographis panniculata berm f pada mencit yang diinfeksi plasmodium berghei in vivo analisis kadar gpt jaringan hati = Antimalarial activity of andrographis panniculata burm f extracts analysis of enzyme gpt livers in plasmodium berghei infected mice
"Salah satu tanaman herbal yang berkhasiat terhadap malaria adalah Sambiloto Andrographis panniculata Berm F Pada malaria terjadi peningkatan radikal bebas yang dapat merusak hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas hepatoprotektif sambiloto Andrographis paniculata Berm F terhadap mencit yang terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo Metode Mencit jantan galur Balb c dengan berat 28 30 g 7 8 minggu dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak dan tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit Kelompok K kontrol Kelompok A kontrol negatif Kelompok B ekstrak Andrographis 2 mg kgBB 1 kali per hari selama7 hari dan kelompok C klorokuin 10 mg kgBB sekali sehari selama 3 hari Seluruh perlakuan diberikan melalui oral
Hasil Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terdapat penurunan kadar aktivitas spesifik GPT pada hati yang diberi perlakuan ekstrak etanol sambiloto EES dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif walaupun penurunan ini secara statistik tidak bermakna p ge 0 05 pada mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei 5 8 1 6 vs 6 77 0 77 U mg protein jaringan hati Kesimpulan Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa EES memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar aktivitas spesifik GPT jaringan hati pada infeksi Plasmodium berghei namun pada dosis diperlukan dosis yang lebih tinggi untuk memperlihatkan hasil yang lebih bermakna.
Andrographis panniculata Berm F is a traditional herb used for the treatment of malaria Malaria infection can cause liver cell damage The aim of the study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Andrographis panniculata Burm F EAA against Plasmodium berghei infected mice Methods Male mice Balb c strain weighing 28 30 g 7 8 weeks old were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each Group K controls nil Group A negative controls and 2 treatment groups B and C Group B Andrographis paniculatas 2 mg kgBW once per day for 4 days and group C Chloroquine 10 mg kgBW once a day for 3 days All treatments administrated orally
Results The results showed a decrease of GPT levels activity of the liver treated extract compared to negative controls in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei although the decrease was not statistically significant 5 8 1 6 vs 6 77 0 77 U mg protein of liver tissue p ge 0 05 Conclusion Based on these result it is concluded that the EES has an influence on the GPT activity by decreased it in Plasmodium berghei infected mice but the appropriate doses needed to show a more effective results."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteraan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Theresia Rina Yunita
Aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak sambiloto (andrographis panniculata berm. F) pada mencit yang diinfeksi plasmodium berghei in vivo : analisis mda dan aktivitas katalase pada hati = Antioxidant activity of (andrographis panniculata burm. F) nees extracts through malondialdehyde and catalase levels in plasmodium berghei infected mice
"ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Sambiloto atau Andrographis panniculata merupakan sebuah
tanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antimalaria dengan cara
meningkatkan kerja antioksidan dalam tubuh. Hati merupakan salah satu tempat
terjadinya fase perkembangan Plasmodium pada penyakit malaria. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antimalaria dari Ekstrak Etanol Sambiloto
(EES) pada mencit yang diiinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo melalu
pengukuran kadar MDA dan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hati.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental in vivo
menggunakan hewan coba mencit Balb/c. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan
mengelompokkan mencit ke dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang
tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok I yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei tetapi
tidak diterapi, kelompok II yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberi EES 2
mg/kgBB serta kelompok III yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberi
klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB selama 3 hari. Analisis kadar MDA dilakukan dengan
metode Wills dan aktivitas spesifik katalase dengan metode Mates et al.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan kadar MDA yang tidak
signifikan pada mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei dan diberi
ekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) 2 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif
(66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g jaringan hati). Namun pada kelompok
yang diberi perlakuan klorokuin juga terlihat penurunan kadar MDA yang tidak
signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69
nmol/g jaringan hati). Sedangkan aktivitas spesifik katalase kelompok yang diberi
EES menunjukkan peningkatan yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan
dengan kelompok kontrol (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg jaringan hati).
Begitupula dengan klorokuin yang menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas spesifik
katalase yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol
(2,97 ± 1,53 vs 3,73 ± 1.56).
Kesimpulan: Pada kelompok dengan pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB terjadi
penurunan kadar MDA serta peningkatan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hati
mencit dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif, tetapi secara statistik tidak
bermakna demikian pula dengan kelompok yang diberi klorokuin.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that has
antimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the places
for Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyze
the activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice which
infected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA level
and the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.
Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. The
research design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of the
untreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, group
II-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,
group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10
mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Wills
method and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.
Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which not
significant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2
mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g
liver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated
by chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significant
compared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).
Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity of
catalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).
Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity of
catalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±
1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).
Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decrease
of MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissue
compared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the group
given chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that has
antimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the places
for Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyze
the activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice which
infected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA level
and the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.
Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. The
research design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of the
untreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, group
II-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,
group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10
mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Wills
method and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.
Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which not
significant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2
mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g
liver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated
by chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significant
compared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).
Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity of
catalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).
Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity of
catalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±
1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).
Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decrease
of MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissue
compared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the group
given chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that has
antimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the places
for Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyze
the activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice which
infected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA level
and the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.
Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. The
research design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of the
untreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, group
II-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,
group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10
mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Wills
method and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.
Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which not
significant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2
mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g
liver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated
by chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significant
compared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).
Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity of
catalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).
Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity of
catalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±
1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).
Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decrease
of MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissue
compared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the group
given chloroquine"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteraan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Aryogi Rama Putra
Aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak air bayam duri (amaranthus spinosus L.) eabd pada mencit yang diinfeksi plasmodium berghei in vivo: analisis aktivitas skizontisidal pada darah = Anti malarial activity of (amaranthus spinosus L.) water extracted aswe of plasmodium berghei infected mice in vivo: analysis of schizonticidal activity on blood
"Latar belakang: Bayamduri (Amaranthus spinosus L.) adalah herbal tradisional yang digunakan untuk pengobatan malaria dan belum banyak data penelitian tentang ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas skizontisidal ekstrak air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) (EABD) terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo.
Metode: Mencit jantan (galur Balb/c) dengan berat 28-30 g, 7-8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: kontrol, Kelompok A: kontrol negatif, 2 Kelompok perlakuan (B dan C). Kelompok B: ekstrak Amaranthus 120 mg/kgBB, 1 kali per hari selama 4 hari. dan kelompok C: klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB sekali sehari selama 3 hari. Seluruh perlakuan diberikan melalui oral.
Hasil: Aktivitas skizontisidal darah terlihat pada semua kelompok perlakuan (B dan C), Aktivitas tertinggi terlihat pada kelompok B yaitu 91,20 ± 0,73 %, sedang kelompok C sebesar 88,92 ± 1,10 %. Kedua kelompok berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol, p≤0,05, namun kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna satu sama lain, p≥0,05. Terjadi peningkatan berat badan pada kelompok EABD yang hampir sama dengan kelompok kontrol dan lebih besar dibanding kelompok klorokuin (7,6 % vs 7,05% dan 5,48%).
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus) (EABD) dosis 120 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas skizontisidal darah yang sama baik dengan pemberian klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo.
Background: Amaranthus spinosus is a traditional herb used for the treatment of malaria, but the information of it?s activity still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the schizonticidal effect of a water extract of Amaranthus spinosus against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.
Methods: Male mice (Balb/c strain) weighing 28-30 g, 7-8 weeks old, were randomly devided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group K: controls (nil), Group A: negative controls, and 2 treatment groups (B and C). Group B: Amaranthus 120 mg/kgBW, once per day for 4 days and group C: Chloroquine 10 mg/kgBW, once a day for 3 days. All treatments administrated orally.
Results: Blood schizonticidal activity was seen in all treatment groups, the highest activity was seen in group B ( 91.20 ± 0.73%), and group C was 88.92 ± 1.10%. Both groups were significantly different compared to control, p≤0,05), but there were no different within both group. An increase in body weight in group B are almost the same as group K and greater than group C (7.6% vs 7.05% and 5.48%).
Conclusion: The Amaranthus spinosus water extract (ASWE) at a dose 120 mg/kgBW demonstrated a good blood schizonticidal activity as well as chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteraan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Arnesya Ayu Pramadyani
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Burm F) PADA UKURAN LIMPA MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI Plasmodium berghei IN VIVO = EFFECTS OF EXTRACT ETANOL SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Burm F) on THE SPLEEN SIZE OF MICE INFECTED BY Plasmodium berghei in vivo
"Pendahuluan: Malaria, terutama jenis falciparum, seringkali menyebabkan komplikasi ke berbagai organ sehingga berujung pada kematian. Salah satu gejala klinis adalah perbesaran limpa. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) terhadap perbesaran limpa pada mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei.
Metode: Mencit jantan galur Balb/c dengan berat 28-30, 7-8 minggu. Mencit dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok dibagi menjadi 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: kontrol. Kelompok I: kontrol negatif. Kelompok perlakuan (II dan III) mendapat EES dengan dosis 2 mg/kgBB dan klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB per hari secara oral selama 7 hari. Kemudian diukur efek EES terhadap berat limpa mencit.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kelompok kontrol negatif, terlihat perbesaran limpa yang berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol (K), yaitu 198.68 mg ±23.24 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p<0.05). Pada pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB terlihat penurunan besar limpa, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol negatif, yaitu 465.96 mg ±112.10 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p>0.05). Pemberian klorokuin menurunkan berat limpa secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif 305.26 mg ±36.18 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p≤0.05).
Kesimpulan: Pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB menurunkan berat limpa mencit dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Pemberian klorokuin menurunkan berat limpa mencit secara bermakna.
Preface: Malaria, especially malaria falciparum, often causes complication to several organs that leads to mortality. One of the clinical sign is spleen enlargement or splenomegaly. The aim of this research is to find the effect of extract ethanol sambiloto (ekstrak etanol sambiloto/EES) on the spleen enlargement of mice that infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Methods: Male mice Balb/c strain weight 28-30, 7-8 weeks old. Mice are randomly divided into 4 groups, each groups contains 5 mice. Group K: control. Group I: control negative. Group II and III, which each got treatment with EES 2mg/kgW and chloroquine 10 mg/kgW per oral for 7 days . After that, we measure the effect of EES on mice’s spleen size.
Result: The result of this research shows that control negative group is significantly different from the control group 198.68 mg ±23.24 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p<0.05). The group which treated with EES 2 mg/kgW shows decreased spleen size, but show insignificant difference from control negative 465.96 mg ±112.10 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p>0.05). The group which treated with chloroquine shows decreased spleen size that significantly different from control negative 305.26 mg ±36.18 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: EES 2 mg/kgW treatment can decrease spleen size compare to control negative, but statistically insignificant. Chloroquine treatment can decrease spleen size significantly, clinically and statistically. "
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sumarno
Efek Antimalaria kombinasi ekstrak bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) dan Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Burm.F) pada mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei : analisis stres oksidatif dan gambaran histopatologi Otak = Antimalaria effects of a combination of Amaranthus spinosus L and Andrographis paniculata Burm.F extracts on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei : analysis of stress oxidative and brain histopatology
"Latar belakang: Malaria masih merupakan penyakit infeksi utama di dunia. Sebagian besar kematian pada malaria disebabkan oleh malaria serebral yang disebabkan oleh Plasmodium falciparum. Bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) merupakan tumbuhan liar yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ekstrak bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) dan sambiloto (Andrographis paniculta Burm.F) terhadap survival, berat badan, kadar MDA dan GSH serta gambaran histopatologi otak mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei.
Metode: penelitian eksperimental in vivo menggunakan hewan coba mencit jantan galur Swiss yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberi terapi kombinasi ekstrak bayam duri dan sambiloto. Kelompok terdiri atas: K: kontrol; I kontrol negatif; II. Ekstrak kombinasi (10mg/kgBB+4mg/kgBB, 1xsehari, selama 7hari); III kontrol positif klorokuin (10mg/kgBB; sehari 1 x selama 3 hari). Seluruh perlakuan diberikan melalui oral. Dilakukan analisis survival dan berat badan, serta pemeriksaan kadar MDA (metode Wills), dan GSH (metode Ellman) dan pengamatan histopatologi otak mencit.
Hasil: Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak bayam duri dan sambiloto pada mencit yang terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei meningkatkan survival (100%) dan berat badan (10%) mencit. Kadar MDA sedikit menurun dibandingkan kontrol, walaupun tidak berbeda bermakna (0,112 ± 0,021nmol/mg vs 0,133 ± 0,0145nmol/mg) (p≥0,05), dan meningkatkan GSH secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif. (0,003 ± 0,0005µg/mg vs 0,0002 ± 0,0001µg/mg) p≤0,05. Analisis histopatologi menunjukkan perbaikan sel otak pada mencit yang diberi kombinasi ekstrak bayam duri dan sambiloto.
Background: Malaria is still a major infectious disease in the world. Most of death in malaria are caused by cerebral malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum infection. Amaranthus spinosus L and Andrographis paniculata Burm.F were traditional herbs used to cure malaria. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-malarial effect of the combination of these two herbs in a malaria mouse model through the measurement of survival rate, body weight, MDA, GSH and brain histopathology of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei in vivo.
Methods: male mice (Swiss strain) weighing 28-30 g, 7-8 weeks were used for this study. Treatment animal groups: K. control (nil); I. control negative. II. combination treatment (10mg + 4mg/kgBW; once per day for 7 days); III. chloroquine treatment (10mg/ kgBW; once per day for 3 days). all treatment was administered per os.
Result: A combination of extracts of Amaranthus spinosus L and Andrographis paniculata Burm.F in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei increased the survival rate (100%) and the body weight (10%) of mice respectively. The MDA levels slightly lower than control, although not significantly different (0.112 ± 0,021 nmol/ vs. 0.133 ± 0,0145nmol/mg) (p ≥ 0.05), while GSH level increased significantly (0.003 ± 0,0005 µg/mg vs. 0.0002 ± 0,0001µg/mg) p ≤ 0.05. Histopathological analysis showed improvement of brain cells in mice given a combination of extracts."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteraan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Steffi Sonia
Pengaruh pendinginan nasi putih terhadap kandungan pati resisten dan respons glikemik pada subjek sehat = Effect of cooling of cooked white rice on resistant starch content and glycemic response in healthy subjects
"Pendinginan nasi dipercaya masyarakat dapat menurunkan respons glikemik. Pendinginan diketahui menyebabkan terjadinya retrogradasi pati yang meningkatkan kandungan pati resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendinginan nasi putih terhadap kandungan pati resisten dan respons glikemik pada subjek sehat. Kandungan pati resisten diperiksa pada nasi putih baru matang (nasi kontrol), nasi putih yang didinginkan 10 jam pada suhu ruang (nasi uji I), dan nasi putih yang didinginkan 24 jam pada suhu 4°C kemudian dihangatkan kembali (nasi uji II). Nasi kontrol dan satu jenis nasi uji yang memiliki kandungan pati resisten lebih tinggi digunakan dalam penelitian eksperimen dengan desain crossover acak pada 15 subjek sehat untuk menentukan adanya perbedaan respons glikemik.
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kandungan pati resisten dalam nasi kontrol, nasi uji I, dan nasi uji II berturut-turut sebesar 0,64 g/100 g, 1,30 g/100 g, dan 1,65 g/100 g. Nasi uji II menurunkan respons glikemik secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan nasi kontrol (berturut-turut 2256,5 ± 902,1 mg.menit/dL dan 2730,0 ± 870,2 mg.menit/dL, p = 0,047). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendinginan meningkatkan kandungan pati resisten nasi putih. Nasi putih yang telah didinginkan 24 jam pada suhu 4°C kemudian dihangatkan kembali menurunkan respons glikemik dibandingkan dengan nasi putih baru matang.
Cooling cooked rice is believed to lower glycemic response. Cooling is known to cause starch retrogradation which increases resistant starch (RS) content. This study aimed to determine the effect of cooling of cooked white rice on RS content and glycemic response in healthy subjects. RS contents were analyzed on freshly cooked white rice (control rice), cooked white rice cooled for 10 hours at room temperature (test rice I), and cooked white rice cooled for 24 hours at 4°C then reheated (test rice II). Control rice and one type of test rice with higher RS content were used in the clinical study with randomized crossover design in 15 healthy subjects to determine a difference in glycemic response.
The results showed that RS contents in control rice, test rice I, and test rice II were 0.64 g/100 g, 1.30 g/100 g, and 1.65 g/100 g, respectively. Test rice II significantly lowered glycemic response compared with control rice (2256.5 ± 902.1 mg.min/dL vs 2730.0 ± 870.2 mg.min/dL, respectively; p = 0.047). In conclusion, cooling cooked white rice significantly increased RS content. Cooked white rice cooled for 24 hours at 4°C then reheated lowered glycemic response compared with freshly cooked white rice."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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Agus Jaya
Pemulihan kerusakan oksidatif hati tikus (rattus norvegicus) pasca penghentian pemberian monosodium glutamat (MSG) = Oxidative damage recovery of liver rats rattus norvegicus post termination exposure of monosodium glutamate (MSG)
"Monosodium glutamat (MSG) merupakan garam natrium dari glutamat yang merupakan asam amino nonesensial yang dapat bersifat eksitotoksik. Terdapat dugaan bahwa glutamat berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif di hati dengan mekanisme yang sama dengan eksitotoksisitas karena reseptor glutamat juga ditemukan di hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pemulihan kerusakan oksidatif hati tikus setelah pemberian MSG dihentikan. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dewasa dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kontrol (akuades), kelompok MSG 4 g/kg dan 6 g/kg. Perlakuan diberikan melalui sonde selama 30 hari. Setiap kelompok kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 2 berdasarkan waktu mematikannya (hari ke-45, dan hari ke-59). Organ hati diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar MDA, GSH dan aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase. Kadar MDA meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna pada semua kelompok tetapi cenderung menurun, kadar GSH meningkat dan berbeda bermakna (p=0,017), aktifitas spesifik katalase menurun dan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,012). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar MDA, GSH, dan aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada jaringan hati tikus setelah penghentian pemberian MSG. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasca penghentian pemberian MSG dengan dosis 4 gr/kg BB dan 6 gr/kg BB selama 14 dan 28 hari dapat menyebabkan penurunan kadar MDA, peningkatan kadar GSH, dan penurunan aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase jaringan hati tikus. Hal ini mengindikasikan telah terjadi pemulihan kerusakan oksidatif akibat penghentian total pemberian MSG.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt which is can be excitotoxic. Glutamate could potentially cause oxidative damage in the liver by excitotoxicity because glutamate receptors are also found in the liver. This study aims to investigate the oxidative damage recovery rat liver after administration of MSG is stopped. A total of 30 adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 3 groups: control (distilled water), MSG 4 g / kg and the last group MSG 6 g / kg. The treatment is given through a sonde for 30 days. Each group was further divided into two by sacrivised time as follow, day 45, and day 59. The liver was taken for measurement of MDA, GSH levels and the specific activity of catalase. MDA levels although not significantly different in all groups but tend to decline. Different levels of GSH increased significantly (p = 0.017) during recovery, the specific activity of catalase were decline (p=0.012). There was no correlation between MDA, GSH, and specific activity of catalase in the liver after cessation of MSG. This study shows that cessation administration of that certain doses of MSG can lead to decreased levels of MDA, GSH levels, and a decrease in the specific activity of catalase rat liver tissue. This indicates that there was a recovery process of oxidative damage as a result of the cessation of administration of MSG."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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Abu Soleh
Pengaruh pemberian monosodium glutamat (MSG) terhadap stres oksidatif pada hati tikus rattus norvegicus = The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on oxidative stress in rats liver rattus norvegicus
"Monosodium glutamat (MSG) adalah garam natrium glutamat yang merupakan asam amino nonessensial yang dapat bersifat eksitotoksik. Terdapat dugaan bahwa glutamat berpotensi menyebabkan peningkatan stres oksidatif di hati dengan mekanisme yang sama dengan eksitotoksisitas karena reseptor glutamat juga ditemukan di hati.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh MSG terhadap peningkatan stres oksidatif pada hati tikus (Rattus norvegicus) jantan. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar MDA, GSH, dan aktivitas spesifik katalase sebagai penanda adanya stres oksidatif. Sebanyak 27 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dibagi dalam 3 kelompok: kelompok kontrol (diberi akuades), kelompok P1A (diberi MSG 4g/KgBB), dan kelompok P2A (diberi MSG 6g/KgBB). Perlakuan diberikan melalui sonde selama 30 hari. Pengambilan sampel hati dilakukan pada hari ke-31.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kadar MDA pada kelompok perlakuan yang berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol, p≤0,05, tetapi pada kadar GSH terjadi penurunan yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, (p≥0,05). Aktivitas spesifik katalase, juga terjadi penurunan yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, p≥0,05.
Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian MSG dengan dosis 4g/KgBB dan 6g/KgBB selama 30 hari menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan stres oksidatif pada hati tikus (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar MDA.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamate which is a nonessential amino acid that may cause exicytotoxicity. There are allegations that glutamate could potentially increase an oxidative stress in the rat's liver by the same mechanism with exicytotoxicity because of glutamate receptors are also found in the liver.
This study aims to determine the effect of MSG on oxidative stress in the rat's liver. The level of MDA and GSH were measured as the marker of oxidative stress, and also specific activity of catalase. 27 albino rat's (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 3 groups: control group (distilled water), and 2 treatment groups, P1A (treated with MSG 4g / KgBW), and P2A (treated with MSG 6g / KgBW). The treatment was carried out for 30 days. On day 31 the liver were collected after euthanasia of the rats.
The results showed there were increased levels of MDA in the treatment groups compare to control significantly, p≤0,05, but the decreased of GSH levels were not significantly different than the control group, (p≥0,05). The specific activity of catalase, also a decreasing but not significantly different compared to control group, p≥0,05.
This study showed that the administration of MSG with a dose of 4g / KgBW and 6g / KgBW for 30 days led to an increased in oxidative stress on the liver of rats (Rattus norvegicus) which is indicated by elevated levels of MDA."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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Rochadi Arif Purnawan
Efektivitas Antimalaria ekstrak Etanol dan air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) pada kultur Plasmodium falciparum in vitro = Antimalarial effects of Ethanol and water extracts of Amaranthus spinosus L on a culture of Plasmodium falciparum
"Latar belakang. Bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) merupakan tumbuhan liar yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek antimalaria ekstrak etanol bayam duri (EEBD) dan ekstrak air bayam duri (EABD) pada kultur SDM yang diinfeksi dengan P. falciparum in vitro dan memeriksa kadar MDA dan GSH untuk melihat efek stres oksidatif SDM dan efek perlindungan antioksidan dari bayam duri kepada kultur.
Metode. Kultur SDM yang diinfeksi dengan P. falciparum diberi ekstrak etanol bayam duri (EEBD) dan ekstrak air bayam duri (EABD) dengan dosis 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, dan 1600 μg/ml. Persentase penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan parasit oleh EEBD dan EABD dilakukan mengacu pada metode Purwatiningsih dan NAMRU-2. MDA diperiksa dengan methode Wills, dan GSH dengan metode Ellman.
Hasil. Pemberian EEBD dan EABD berpengaruh secara signifikan (p≤0,05) terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan parasit. Persen penghambatan oleh EEBD pada dosis yang diberikan berkisar antara 12,4- 77,9%, sedang penghambatan oleh EABD berkisar antara 17,2- 81,4%. EABD menunjukkan persen penghambatan lebih tinggi dari EEBD. Analisis probit IC50 (Inhibitor Concentration terhadap P. falciparum sebesar 50%) terhadap kedua ekstrak, menunjukkan EABD mempunyai IC50 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol (243,89 vs 331,47 μg/ml). Hasil pemeriksaan MDA secara umum menunjukkan EABD menurunkan kadar MDA lebih baik dari EEBD. Penurunan kadar MDA berkisar antara (1,07-1,02 nmol/ml vs 1,12-1,10 nmol/ml), p≤0,05. Kadar GSH pada EABD dan EEBD memperlihatkan peningkat secara keseluruhan, yaitu (1,57-2,22 μmol/ml vs 1,40- 2,02 μmol/ml), p≤0,05. Dari penghitungan EABD menunjukkan peningkatan kadar yang lebih baik secara bermakna. Tetapi pada konsentrasi 1600 μg/ml terlihat peningkatan MDA dan penurunan GSH.
Kesimpulan. Kedua ekstrak yaitu EEBD dan EABD mempunyai effek antimalaria melalui persentase penghambatan, penurunan kadar MDA dan kenaikan kadar GSH yang signifikan pada kadar ekstrak 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, dan 1600 μg/ml. Pada konsentrasi 1600 μg/ml, terlihat peningkatan MDA dan penurunan GSH, tetapi persen penghambatan tetap terlihat baik. Secara umum EABD menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dari EEBD.
Background. Amaranthus spinosus L or spiny Amaranth was screened for antimalarial effects. The aim was to analyze ethanol and water extracts of A. spinosus (EEBD and EABD) in a human erythrocyte culture infected with P. falciparum in vitro. The levels of MDA and GSH were also examined.
Methods. Percentage inhibition of parasite growth was analyzed according to Purwatiningsih and NAMRU-2 methods. MDA and GSH were analyzed by the Wills and Ellman methods, respectively. The human erythrocyte cultures infected with P. falciparum, and were treated with ethanol and water extracts of spiny Amaranth (EEBD and EABD) at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 μg/ml.
Results. Both the EEBD and EABD showed significant inhibition effects on parasite growth (p ≤ 0.05). Percent inhibition of EEBD ranged from 12.4 to 77.9%, while inhibition by EABD ranged between 17.2 and 81.4%, higher than EEBD. IC50 (inhibitory concentration against P. falciparum by 50%) of EABD was lower than of EEBD (243.89 vs 331.47 μg/ml). Generally, the MDA levels were lower with EABD than with EEBD. Decreased levels of MDA ranged from (1.07 to 1.02 nmol / ml vs 1.12 to 1.10 nmol / ml) (p ≤ 0.05). GSH levels with EABD vs EEBD are generally increased (1.57 to 2.22 μmol / ml vs 1.40 to 2.02 μmol / ml; p ≤ 0.05). EABD was more effective than EEBD. However, at a concentration of 1600 μg / ml, MDA level was increased and the GSH level decreased.
Conclusion. Both extracts, EEBD and EABD show antimalarial effects through inhibition of parasite growth. Moreover, they significantly decrease levels of MDA and increase levels of GSH. In general, EABD showed better antimalarial and antioxidant effects than EEBD."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2012
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