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"In general, many studies have shown the association between TB and malnutrition. However, the mechanism between nutritional status and host defense in TB remains unclear, particularly the role of antioxidant status. This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant level (vitamin C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol), food intake and nutritional status in active pulmonary TB patients and healthy subjects."

"Probiotics, product containing viable, defined and sufficient microorganisms that beneficially alfects the host, has shown cholesterol-lowering effect in in vitro, animal and human studies. However, studies in human showed inconclusive findings.

A randomized double-blind two-way cross-over study was conducted to investigate whether daily supplementation of yoghurt enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus improves lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic Indonesian adult males. Each period of treatment was 4 wk, separated by a 2 wk washout period. During both treatment periods, subjects consumed daily either yoghurt enriched with Lacidophilus FNCCI I6 (test yoghurt) or traditional yoghurt (control yoghurt).

By the end of the first period, serum total cholesterol concentration of subjects in test group was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to those in control group (21 0.4 kurang lebih 8.3 vs 226.8 kurang lebih 4.5 mg/dL); and the concentration in both groups was significantly lower compared to baseline. The reduction, however, was not significantly different between groups (-6.0 kurang lebih 2.0 vs -5.9 kurang lebih 2.1 %). There were no significant differences between groups on other lipid profile variables i.e serum LDL-C, HDL-C, tryglicerides, and LDL/HDL ratio, after supplementation. No significant differences on all lipid profile variables between groups were observed after supplementation at the second treatment period and when the treatment period was combined. However, there was a tendency that test group had better lipid profile, except for triglycerides, than control group (p<0.05 for LDL/HDL ratio; p=0.053 for LDL-C).

This cross-over study showed that daily supplementation of yoghurt enriched with Lacidophilus FNCCI 16 showed hypocholesterolemic effect only at the first period, but not at the second and the combined periods."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Obesitas merupakan suatu tren global yang memprihatinkan teruatam di Indonesia. Serat pangan merupakan solusi alternatif dalam penanganan obesitas kurang mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih padahal sangat mudah diapatkan di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di HNRC IMERI FKUI dalam periode Juli hingga September 2018 dengan mengambil sampel populasi pria dan wanita berusia 19-50tahun di Jakarta dan melihat korelasi antara nilai asupan serat pangan harian menggunakan 24-hour recall method dan persentase lemak diambil menggunakan skinfold method. Hasil. Sebanyak 126 responden berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Ditemukan bahwa asupan serat memiliki korelasi cenderung signifikan terhadap persentase lemak p=0.051,0.146 dansetelah dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap variabel usia, jenis kelamin, rerata asupan kalori, dan aktivitas fisik didapatkan tren signifikan pada hubungan tesebut. (Adjusted 0.487 p0.082, IK95%-1.036-0.062 Kesimpulan. Tingkat asupan serat yang adekuat memiliki hubungan terhadap persentase lemak. Diperlukan edukasi terutama dalam perubahan gaya hidup agar profil kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia dapat mengalami perbaikan.

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ABSTRACTObjectives. Obesity as a leading global trend that can be overwhelming if not treated well. Dietary fiber as an alternative solution in obesity management is not considered in many studies although in Indonesia dietary fiber is abundant and not hard to get. Methods. A cross-sectional study is conducted on HNRC IMERI FKUI from July until September 2018 taking samples from man and woman aged 19-50 years old in Jakarta and measures the corelation between daily dietary fiber intake using 24-hour recall method and body fat percentage calculated using skinfold method. Results. A total of 126 respondent is involved in this research. It is found that fiber intake has an almost significant correlation with fat percentage 0.051, r 0.146), and after adjustment with other variable such as age,gender, activity level, and calorie intake, a significant trend is achieved (Adjusted 0.487, 0.082, 95 C1.036-0.062 Conclusion: Adequate amount of daily dietary fiber intake has a borderline significant trend relationship with body fat percentage. Education effort and a lifestyle change is a must in the goal of repairing Indonesias citizen health and well-being."

"Gula darah puasa yang tidak normal merupakan suatu masalah yang serius dan dapat berujung ke penyakit Diabetes Mellitus. Penyakit ini sering ditemukan di Indonesia dan masih dibutuhkan sebuah metode untuk menilai risiko seseorang terkena Diabetes Mellitus yang cepat akurat dan mudah untuk dilakukan sehingga peneliti ingin mencari tahu apakah pengukuran persentase lemak tubuh menggunakan skinfold method memiliki hubungan dengan gula darah puasa. Pengambilan data berlangsung dari periode Juli 2018 hingga Agustus 2018. Kriteria inklusi mencakup responden-responden berumur 19-50 tahun yang secara sukarela mengikuti penelitian ini dan berasal dari sekitar Jakarta. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup perempuan yang sedang hamil, menyusui, dan menstruasi serta seluruh subjek yang sedang sakit atau sedang meminum obat rutin. Dari kriteria tersebut, didapatkan responden total dimana 126 orang dianalisis dari jumlah total sebanyak 277 orang. Sisa 151 responden tidak dianalisis karena tidak memiliki data lengkap untuk skinfold, gula darah puasa, dan asupan nutrisi. Hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa persentase lemak tubuh yang diukur berkorelasi positif secara tidak signifikan dan lemah p=0,064, r=0,165. Setelah dianalisis lebih lanjut dan dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap usia, asupan karbohidrat dan kalori, serta jenis kelamin, ditemukan bahwa persentase lemak tubuh berhubungan secara signifikan sebesar 9,7 % terhadap gula darah puasa p=0,005, Adjusted b=0,542, 95 % CI=-0,167-0,917. Bila disimpulkan, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara persentase lemak tubuh dengan gula darah puasa namun diperlukan penelitian lanjut menggunakan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar sebelum dapat digunakan secara luas sebagai metode skrining gula darah puasa tidak normal.

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Abnormal fasting blood glucose is one of the serious medical problems faced upon us that can lead to Diabetes Mellitus. This disease could be found commonly in Indonesia and it is still needed a fast, accurate, and easy to use method of to find the risk of someone having diabetes mellitus hence the author wanted to know whether measuring body fat percentage using skinfold thickness as a screening method is viable for predicting fasting blood glucose. Data is gathered starting from July 2018 until August 2018. Inclusion criterias are defined as volunteers with age ranged from 19-50 years old and are from Jakarta which mostly came from East Jakarta. Exclusion criteria includes women that are having their period, pregnant, or breastfeeding. Volunteers that are sick or taking routine medications are also excluded. The results were 126 people that are accepted for data analysis out of a total of 277 people. The rest of the volunteers were not analysed since they didnt account for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and some of them also didnt have data for either skinfold, fasting blood sugar, nor nutritional intake.

Results shows that a borderly significant positive correlation is present between body fat percentage and fasting blood glucose p=0.064, r=0.165. Further analysis and adjustments show that body fat percentage affects fasting blood glucose by 9.7 % when confounding variables were not accounted p=0.005, Adjusted b=0.542, 95 % CI=-0.167-0.917. Hence, it is found that an increase in body fat percentage may increase an amount of fasting blood glucose after adjustment for calorie and carbohydrate intake. Despite this result, a study with a larger sample size must be done before body fat percentage can be used as a comparative scale against fasting blood glucose."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi stunting yang tinggi di Indonesia. Sementara itu, belum banyak penelitian yang menilai keragaman, frekuensi dan asupan gizi terhadap nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur dengan membandingkan pedesaan dan perkotaan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan asupan gizi, frekuensi dan keragaman pangan terhadap nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur pada anak pada pedesaan dan perkotaan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional, menggunakan data sekunderdari Departemen Ilmu Gizi FKUI. Sebanyak 223 anak pra sekolah, 113 anak di kota Jakarta Pusat dan 110 anak di desa Sujung, Banten diukur tinggi badan serta dinilai asupan makanannya. Lalu data diolah menggunakan Nutrisurvey dan WHO Anthro. Untuk menganalis hubungannya dengan nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan dari korelasi asupan gizi (energi), keragaman dan frekuensi pangan pada anak terhadap nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur di Jakarta adalah 0.004, 0.119, 0.280; Banten <0.001, 0.761, 0.044; dan keseluruhan <0.001, <0.001, 0.001. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara asupan gizi (energi) terhadap nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok dan secara keseluruhan. Terdapat korelasi antara keragaman pangan terhadap nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur yang bermakna secara keseluruhan. Terdapat korelasi antara frekuensi pangan terhadap nilai z score tinggi badan menurut umur yang bermakna di pedesaan dan secara keseluruhan.Background: The prevalence of stunting is high in Indonesia. Meanwhile, there are not many studies that measure diversity, frequency and nutrient intake on height z scores by age with rural and urban comparisons in Indonesia. Objective: This research was done to assess the relationship of nutritional intake, frequency and diversity of food on the z score of height according to age in children in rural and urban areas. Methods: This study uses a cross sectional study, using secondary data from the Department of Nutrition Science FKUI. A total of 223 children, 113 children in the city of Central Jakarta and 110 children the village of Sujung, Banten, measured height and assessed food intake. Then the data is processed using Nutrisurvey and WHO Anthro. To analyze the relationship with height z scores according to age using the SPSS program. Results: The results obtained from the correlation of nutritional intake (energy), diversity and frequency of food in children in Jakarta are 0.004, 0.119, 0.280; Banten <0.001,0.761, 0.044; and overall <0.001, <0.001, 0.001. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between nutritional intake (energy) and theheight for age z score in both groups and as a whole. There is a significant correlation between food diversity and the height for age z score in overall. There is a significant correlation between food frequency and the height for age z score in village and overall."

"Latar Belakang Masa remaja perempuan krusial untuk persiapan kehamilan di kemudian hari, namun isu gizi tetap persisten, terutama keterbatasan variasi dan keberagaman. Kualitas diet yang buruk, yang terkait dengan kebiasaan makan yang tidak sehat, dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mental, termasuk harga diri remaja putri Meskipun demikian, hubungan antara kualitas diet dan harga diri masih belum terungkap. Metode Penelitian ini melibatkan 340 remaja putri bersekolah dari tiga kabupaten terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat di Indonesia. Peserta melengkapi pengumpulan data tentang asupan makanan menggunakan 2-days repeated 24-hour recall. Data mengenai asupan makanan dimasukkan kedalam NutriSurvey versi 2007, program yang menyediakan analisis nutrisi terperinci. Hasil analisis digunakan untuk menghitung skor Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), sebuah penilaian yang mengukur sejauh mana asupan makanan peserta mengikuti pedoman diet. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), merupakan instrument pengukur harga diri yang terdiri dari sepuluh item. Hasil Analisis regresi berganda dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara skor HEI-2015 dan skor RSES, dengan menyesuaikan faktor perancu. Skor median HEI-2015 adalah 26.9(26.2-25.6)yang jauh dibawah skor yang direkomendasikan ≥ 80, sementara skor rata-rata RSES adalah 16.72 ± 2.88. Uji linear berganda menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara skor HEI-2015 dan RSES pada remaja putri (β = -0.03; 95%CI = -0.07 – 0.03; p = 0.54). Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menampilkan tidak adanya hubungan antara kualitas diet dan harga diri pada remaja putri yang bersekolah di Jawa Barat, tahun 2018. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya mengatasi kualitas diet yang buruk dan menyoroti perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Introduction The adolescence period for girls is crucial for maternal preparation, yet nutritional issues persist in the limited variety and diversity of dietary intake. Poor dietary quality, associated with unhealthy eating habits, may impact mental health, including self-esteem of adolescent girls. Though the relationship between dietary quality and self-esteem remains unclear. Methods A total of 340 school going adolescent girls from 3 chosen district sin West Java province in Indonesia, in the year 2018 was analysed in this study. Participants completed a 2-days repeated 24-hour dietary recall, and the results were entered into Nutrisurvey2007, before used to calculate dietary quality score using HEI-2015, to measure how well dietary intake follow dietary guidelines. Measure of self-esteem was conducted using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, consisting of 10 items. Results A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the HEI- 2015 score and RSES score, adjusting for potential confounders. The median HEI-2015 score was 26.9(26.2-25.6), which was far below the recommended score of ≥ 80, while the mean RSES score was 16.72±2.88. Multiple linear regression testing showed no statistically significant association between HEI-2015 and RSES in adolescent girls (β = -0.03; 95%CI = -0.07 – 0.03; p = 0.54). Conclusion The study features no association between dietary quality and self-esteem among adolescent girls in West Java, in 2018 These findings underscore the importance of addressing poor dietary quality and highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying factors and potential interventions."

"Masalah malnutrisi pada remaja merupakan salah satu kesehatan global utama yang dapat menyebabkan mortalitas, morbiditas, dan gangguan perkembangan. Gizi kurang merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan pada anak-anak di Indonesia dengan prevalensi 11,1 anak berusia 13-15 tahun dan 9,4 anak berusia 15-18 tahun. Kebutuhan energi remaja perempuan berbeda dengan laki-laki sebagai persiapan kehamilan. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai kebutuhan gizi optimal dengan menerapkan prinsip keragaman makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keragaman makanan dengan status gizi remaja perempuan di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder 24-h recall pada 335 remaja perempuan berusia 12-18 tahun di provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi status gizi pada remaja perempuan adalah 17 gizi lebih dan 3,6 gizi kurang. Prevalensi keragaman makanan rendah atau 5 kelompok makanan adalah 42,7. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara keragaman makanan dengan status gizi p=0.825. Hasil analisis multivariat dengan penyesuaian variabel perancu mendapatkan tidak ada hubungan antara keragaman makanan dengan status gizi dengan OR1.112 95 IK 0.619-1.997. Tidak didapatkannya hubungan antara keragaman makanan dengan status gizi remaja perempuan.

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Malnutrition in adolescent is one of the global health problem that could cause mortality, morbidity, and development problem. Thinness is one of the childhood health problem in Indonesia. Prevalence of thinness in Indonesia among 13 15 years old was 11,1 , while 15 18 years old was 9,4. Demand of nutritional requirement and energy for adolescent girls are more higher as preparation for pregnancy. Balance nutrition could be optimize through implement dietary diversity.

Aim of this study to seek association between dietary diversity and nutritional status among adolescent girls in West Java Province. A cross sectional study using secondary data from 24 h recall was performed on 335 adolescent girls aged 12 18 years old in West Java Province.

The result showed prevalence of nutritional status among adolescent girls in West Java were 17 overweight, 3,6 thinness. Prevalence of low dietary diversity or 5 food category was 42,7. Through bivariate analysis, no association between dietary diversity and nutritional status p 0.825.

Multivariate analysis with adjustment for confounding variable showed no association beteween dietary diversity and nutritional status with AOR 1.112 95 CI 0.619 1.997. It is concluded that there is no association between dietary diversity and nutritional status."

"Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi meningkat di Indonesia dan berisiko tinggi pada kelompok remaja putri salah satunya karena penurunan asupan makanan. Kualitas diet merupakan salah satu alat yang dapat menilai kecukupan asupan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas diet dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. Studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 335 remaja putri di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data asupan makanan didapatkan dari 24-hour recall dua hari berbeda kemudian dinilai menggunakan Diet Quality Index for Adolescents DQI-A. Status anemia ditentukan dari data konsenterasi Hb kapiler diukur menggunakan HemoCue. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menentukan hubungan kualitas diet dan anemia. Rerata skor DQI-A adalah 43,8 dari maksimal 100 dengan prevalensi kualitas diet berisiko buruk sebanyak 61,8. Median kadar Hb adalah 12,2 g/dL dengan prevalensi anemia sebesar 45,4. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kualitas diet dengan anemia berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat p=0,487 dan multivariat p=0,229 setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor perancu, yaitu usia, tingkat pendidikan, suku, frekuensi membaca koran, akses internet, dan penggunaan media sosial. Tidak adanya hubungan antara kualitas diet dan anemia mungkin terjadi karena kualitas diet hanya menggambarkan asupan makanan jangka pendek sedangkan kejadian anemia terjadi akibat kurangnya asupan makanan jangka panjang.

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Anemia, a global health problem, have an increasing prevalence in Indonesia and a higher risk among adolescent girls, causes including lack of nutritional intake. Diet quality can be used to assess the adequacy of nutritional intake. The aim of this study is to know the association between diet quality and anemia among adolescent girls. A cross sectional survey was conducted involving 335 adolescent girls living in West Java Province. Dietary intake data was collected using 2 day nonconsecutive 24 hour recall and scored for Diet Quality Index for Adolescents DQI A. Anemia status was determined by capillary hemoglobin concentration measured using HemoCue device. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied to determine the association between diet quality and anemia. The mean score for DQI A is 43.8 of 100 with 61.8 subjects are at risk of poor diet quality. The median Hb level is 12.2 g dL with 45.4 were anemic. The main results showed no significant association between diet quality and anemia based on bivariate p 0.487 and multivariate analysis p 0.229 after adjusting for confounders, such as age, level of education, ethnicity, frequency of reading newspaper, access to internet, and use of social media. It is possible that no association were found because diet quality only reflects short term nutritional intake while anemia happened due to long term nutritional deficiency. "

"Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan besar, termasuk di Indonesia. Remaja putri berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami anemia. Karakteristik meal patterning menggambarkan konsumsi makanan yang dilakukan, sehingga dapat berhubungan dengan asupan nutrisi dan masalah kesehatan, termasuk anemia. Penelitian merupakan studi cross-sectional pada 335 remaja putri berumur 12-18 tahun yang bersekolah di Jawa Barat. Karakteristik meal patterning didapatkan dari hasil 24-hour recall yang diambil pada dua hari berbeda, yaitu hari kerja dan akhir pekan. Meal patterning terdiri dari frekuensi makan, jarak antar makan dan melewati waktu tiga makanan utama dengan satu kejadian makan didefinisikan sebagai konsumsi makanan ge;50 kcal dan terpisah ge; 15 menit diantaranya. Anemia adalah keadaan kadar hemoglobin 4 kali p=0,043, AOR 2,4, 95 CI:1,03-5,84 pada hari kerja masing-masing memiliki kecenderungan mengalami anemia 2,7 dan 2,4 kali dibandingkan dengan remaja dengan frekuensi makan kurang dari itu.

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Anemia is a major health problem, including in Indonesia. Adolescent girls have higher risk for being anemic. Meal patterning characteristics shows how meal consumed, thereby may associated with nutrition intake and health problem, including anemia. This was a cross sectional study among 335 adolescent girls aged 12 18 years old in West Java. Meal patterning characteristics is measured from 24 hour recall which taken repeated on two different days, weekday and weekend. Meal patterning consisted of meal frequency, meal spacing, and meal skipping in three main meal which one eating occasion defined by consumption of ge 50 kcaland sepearted ge 15 menit each. Anemia is condition of hemoglobin level 4 times on weekday have risk 2.7 and 2.4 times each rather than which ate less frequent."

"Proporsi hipertensi terus meningkat dan konsumsi kopi juga dapat berperan dalam peningkatan risiko hipertensi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara konsumsi kopi dan kejadian hipertensi pada wanita usia subur (WUS). Penelitian ini dilakukan di HNRC IMERI FKUI September 2022-Juni 2023 dengan menggunakan data dari payung penelitian FKUI-SEAMEO RECFON (peneliti utama Prof. Rina Agustina). Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang pada WUS suku Minangkabau dan Sunda berusia 19-50 tahun pada bulan September 2015-Oktober 2016. Konsumsi kopi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (konsumsi dan tidak konsumsi). Tiga kategori hipertensi, yaitu hipertensi sistolik dan diastolik (≥140/90mmHg), hipertensi sistolik (≥140mmHg), dan hipertensi diastolik (≥90mmHg). Analisis data deskriptif statistik dan regresi logistik menggunakan SPSS versi 20.0, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor pengganggu (suku, usia, status merokok, aktivitas fisik, pekerjaan, dan riwayat pendidikan) di dalam model regresi, dengan tingkat signifikansi α=0,05 dan interval kepercayaan 95%. Dari data WUS suku Minangkabau dan Sunda, median usia responden adalah 37 tahun, sebagian besar bekerja (65,8%), memiliki riwayat pendidikan rendah (61,4%), kebiasaan merokok rendah (4,44%) dan aktivitas fisik bervariasi, dominan pada kategori sedang (49,44%). Konsumsi kopi berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko hipertensi sistolik dan diastolik pada WUS secara keseluruhan (p=0,035, OR=1,683). Konsumsi kopi berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko hipertensi secara keseluruhan.

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The prevalence of hypertension is continually increasing, and coffee consumption may also play a role in elevating the risk of hypertension. This research aims to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age (WCA). The study was conducted at HNRC IMERI FKUI from September 2022 to June 2023, utilizing data from the main research of FKUI-SEAMEO RECFON (led by primary researcher Prof. Rina Agustina). This study is a cross-sectional study on WCA of Minangkabau and Sundanese ethnicities aged 19-50 years, spanning from September 2015 to October 2016. Coffee consumption was divided into two groups (consumers and non-consumers). Three categories of hypertension were considered: systolic and diastolic hypertension (≥140/90mmHg), systolic hypertension (≥140mmHg), and diastolic hypertension (≥90mmHg). Descriptive statistical data analysis and logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 20.0, considering confounding factors (ethnicity, age, smoking status, physical activity, occupation, and educational history) in the regression model, with a significance level of α=0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. From the data of Minangkabau and Sundanese WCA, the median age of respondents was 37 years, with the majority employed (65.8%), having a low educational background (61.4%), low smoking habits (4.44%), and varied physical activity, predominantly in the moderate category (49.44%). Coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of both systolic and diastolic hypertension in WCA overall (p=0.035, OR=1.683). Coffee consumption was related to an overall increased risk of hypertension. "