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"In general, many studies have shown the association between TB and malnutrition. However, the mechanism between nutritional status and host defense in TB remains unclear, particularly the role of antioxidant status. This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant level (vitamin C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol), food intake and nutritional status in active pulmonary TB patients and healthy subjects."

"Probiotics, product containing viable, defined and sufficient microorganisms that beneficially alfects the host, has shown cholesterol-lowering effect in in vitro, animal and human studies. However, studies in human showed inconclusive findings.

A randomized double-blind two-way cross-over study was conducted to investigate whether daily supplementation of yoghurt enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus improves lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic Indonesian adult males. Each period of treatment was 4 wk, separated by a 2 wk washout period. During both treatment periods, subjects consumed daily either yoghurt enriched with Lacidophilus FNCCI I6 (test yoghurt) or traditional yoghurt (control yoghurt).

By the end of the first period, serum total cholesterol concentration of subjects in test group was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to those in control group (21 0.4 kurang lebih 8.3 vs 226.8 kurang lebih 4.5 mg/dL); and the concentration in both groups was significantly lower compared to baseline. The reduction, however, was not significantly different between groups (-6.0 kurang lebih 2.0 vs -5.9 kurang lebih 2.1 %). There were no significant differences between groups on other lipid profile variables i.e serum LDL-C, HDL-C, tryglicerides, and LDL/HDL ratio, after supplementation. No significant differences on all lipid profile variables between groups were observed after supplementation at the second treatment period and when the treatment period was combined. However, there was a tendency that test group had better lipid profile, except for triglycerides, than control group (p<0.05 for LDL/HDL ratio; p=0.053 for LDL-C).

This cross-over study showed that daily supplementation of yoghurt enriched with Lacidophilus FNCCI 16 showed hypocholesterolemic effect only at the first period, but not at the second and the combined periods."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Obesitas merupakan suatu tren global yang memprihatinkan teruatam di Indonesia. Serat pangan merupakan solusi alternatif dalam penanganan obesitas kurang mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih padahal sangat mudah diapatkan di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di HNRC IMERI FKUI dalam periode Juli hingga September 2018 dengan mengambil sampel populasi pria dan wanita berusia 19-50tahun di Jakarta dan melihat korelasi antara nilai asupan serat pangan harian menggunakan 24-hour recall method dan persentase lemak diambil menggunakan skinfold method. Hasil. Sebanyak 126 responden berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Ditemukan bahwa asupan serat memiliki korelasi cenderung signifikan terhadap persentase lemak p=0.051,0.146 dansetelah dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap variabel usia, jenis kelamin, rerata asupan kalori, dan aktivitas fisik didapatkan tren signifikan pada hubungan tesebut. (Adjusted 0.487 p0.082, IK95%-1.036-0.062 Kesimpulan. Tingkat asupan serat yang adekuat memiliki hubungan terhadap persentase lemak. Diperlukan edukasi terutama dalam perubahan gaya hidup agar profil kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia dapat mengalami perbaikan.

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ABSTRACTObjectives. Obesity as a leading global trend that can be overwhelming if not treated well. Dietary fiber as an alternative solution in obesity management is not considered in many studies although in Indonesia dietary fiber is abundant and not hard to get. Methods. A cross-sectional study is conducted on HNRC IMERI FKUI from July until September 2018 taking samples from man and woman aged 19-50 years old in Jakarta and measures the corelation between daily dietary fiber intake using 24-hour recall method and body fat percentage calculated using skinfold method. Results. A total of 126 respondent is involved in this research. It is found that fiber intake has an almost significant correlation with fat percentage 0.051, r 0.146), and after adjustment with other variable such as age,gender, activity level, and calorie intake, a significant trend is achieved (Adjusted 0.487, 0.082, 95 C1.036-0.062 Conclusion: Adequate amount of daily dietary fiber intake has a borderline significant trend relationship with body fat percentage. Education effort and a lifestyle change is a must in the goal of repairing Indonesias citizen health and well-being."

"Latar Belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan obesitas sentral di Indonesia merupakan tantangan besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat, terutama bagi wanita. Lingkar pinggang dan glukosa darah puasa adalah indikator kunci kesehatan metabolik. Studi ini memeriksa hubungan antara Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) dan indikator-indikator tersebut di antara wanita Minang dan Sunda di Indonesia.Metode: Data dari studi cross-sectional "Diets, Metabolic Profiles, and Gut Microbiota Among Indonesian Women in Minang and Sundanese-ethnic Communities" digunakan. Asupan makanan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan semi-kuantitatif (FFQ), dan PHDI dihitung serta divalidasi. Pengukuran antropometrik termasuk BMI, lingkar pinggang, dan kadar glukosa darah puasa dicatat, dengan kadar glukosa diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri glukosa oksidase. Usia, aktivitas fisik, etnis, dan area tempat tinggal dievaluasi melalui kuesioner. Analisis regresi linier disesuaikan dengan faktor pengganggu: usia, BMI, etnis, dan area tempat tinggal untuk lingkar pinggang; dan usia, BMI, serta lingkar pinggang untuk glukosa darah puasa.Hasil: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara PHDI dengan lingkar pinggang maupun kadar glukosa darah puasa. Setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor pengganggu, umbi-umbian dan kentang (β adjusted = 0,288, p = 0,014) serta produk susu (β adjusted = 0,755, p = 0,022) secara signifikan berkorelasi positif dengan lingkar pinggang. Asupan buah secara signifikan berkorelasi positif dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa (β adjusted = 0,973, p = 0,046).Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun PHDI secara keseluruhan tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan lingkar pinggang atau kadar glukosa darah puasa, komponen diet spesifik seperti umbi-umbian dan kentang, serta produk susu berhubungan dengan lingkar pinggang yang lebih besar. Selain itu, asupan buah yang lebih tinggi berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya intervensi diet pada komponen makanan spesifik dalam PHDI untuk meningkatkan kesehatan metabolik yang lebih baik pada wanita Indonesia.

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Background: The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and central obesity in Indonesia presents major public health challenges, especially for women. Waist circumference and fasting blood glucose are key indicators of metabolic health. This study examines the link between the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and these indicators among Minang and Sundanese women in Indonesia.

Methods: Data from the cross-sectional study "Diets, Metabolic Profiles, and Gut Microbiota Among Indonesian Women in Minang and Sundanese-ethnic Communities" were used. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the PHDI was calculated and validated. BMI, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose levels were recorded, with glucose levels measured using a glucose oxidase colorimetric method. Age, physical activity, ethnicity, and living area were evaluated through questionnaires. Linear regression analysis was adjusted for confounders: age, BMI, ethnicity, and living area for waist circumference, and age, BMI, and waist circumference for fasting blood glucose.

Results: There is no significant association between PHDI with either waist circumference and fasting blood glucose levels. After adjusting for confounders, tubers and potatoes (adjusted β = 0.288, p = 0.014) and dairy (adjusted β = 0.755, p = 0.022) were significantly positively correlated with waist circumference. Fruit intake was significantly positively correlated with fasting blood glucose levels (adjusted β = 0.973, p = 0.046).

Conclusions: The study highlights that while the overall PHDI did not show a significant association with waist circumference or fasting blood glucose levels, specific dietary components such as tubers and potatoes, and dairy were linked to larger waist circumference. Additionally, higher fruit intake was associated with increased fasting blood glucose levels. These findings emphasize the need for targeted dietary interventions focusing on specific food components within the PHDI to improve metabolic health outcomes among Indonesian women."

"Obesitas menjadi tantangan serius di dunia. Konsumsi protein adalah salah satu faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap regulasi lemak tubuh, tetapi informasi mengenai sumber protein specific dan pengaruhnya terhadap regulasi lemak di negara berkembang masih terbatas. Sehingga, peneliti ingin mengetahui hubungan antara asupan protein dan sumbernya dengan obesitas pada orang dewasa di Indonesia. Studi cross-sectional ini melibatkan 167 orang dewasa berusia 19-50 tahun di perkotaan Jakarta Timur. Asupan protein didapatkan dari repeated 24H Recall yang diklasifikasikan sebagai asupan rendah dan tinggi protein. Persentase lemak tubuh diukur dengan metode Air Displacement Plethysmograph yang diklasifikasikan sebagai obesitas wanita (>33%) dan obesitas pria (>25%). Sekitar 69% subjek mengalami obesitas. Sumber utama asupan protein nabati dan hewani berasal dari sereal dan produknya (median =11,3 gr/hari atau 22,9% dari total protein), dan unggas (median =7,85 gr/hari atau 15,9% dari total protein). Setelah penyesuaian terhadap status perkawinan dan jenis kelamin mendapatkan hasil bahwa asupan tinggi protein tidak berhubungan dengan obesitas (OR 1,84, p-value = 0,15), dan jenis asupan protein hewani atau nabati tidak berhubungan dengan obesitas (OR protein hewan 0879, p-value = 0,69; OR protein nabati 0,95, p-value =0,98). Promosi jenis konsumsi protein harus diperhatikan agar berhasil menurunkan prevalensi obesitas di negara ini.

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Obesity is becoming a serious challenge worldwide. Protein consumption is one of the important contributing factors to body fat regulation, but existing information has limitedly explored type of protein and its influence for fat regulation in developing world. Therefore, we investigated the association between protein intake and its sources with obesity. This cross-sectional study involved 167 adults aged in East Jakarta. Protein intake were collected from repeated 24-hour recalls that was classified as low and high intake. Body fat percentage was measured by Air Displacement Plethysmograph method and classified as female obese (>33%) and male obese (>25%). About 69% of subjects were obese. The main sources of plant and animal protein intake came from cereals and its products (median=11.3 gr/day or 22.9% of protein intake), and white meat (median=7.85 gr/day or 15.9% of protein intake), respectively. After adjustment for marital status and sex those who had higher protein intake did not associated with being obese (Adjusted OR 1.84, p-value=0.15), while, animal-plant protein intake was not associated with obesity (Adjusted OR 0.879 animal protein, p-value=0.69; OR 0.95 plant protein, p-value=0.98). The promotion of type of protein consumption must be concerning to successfully lower the prevalence of obesity in the country."

"Obesitas merupakan masalah utama pada kesehatan masyarakat dunia yang diketahui juga sebagai salah satu faktor risiko penyakit perlemakan hati non alkoholik(NAFLD). Sistem penilaian untuk mendeteksi NAFLD telah dikembangkan dan divalidasi di Indonesia. Namun, pola makan orang obesitas yang mungkin memberikan pengaruh terhadap NAFLD masih belum diketahui. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi asupan sukrosa pada obesitas dewasa di Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan skor NAFLD. Ini adalah studi potong lintang berbasis komunitas di antara orang dewasa dengan indeks massa tubuh (BMI)>25 kg/m2 antara September dan Oktober 2018 di Jakarta, Indonesia. Asupan sukrosa dinilai menggunakan food recal l2x24 jam, dihitung berdasarkan tabel komposisi makanan Indonesia dan Amerika dengan menggunakan Nutrisurvey 2007.Skor NAFLD terdiri dari enam faktor risiko, yaitu BMI>25 kg/m2, jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia>35 tahun, trigliserida>150 mg/dL, kadar kolesterol lipoprotein kepadatan tinggi<40 mg/dL untuk pria atau <50 mg/dL untuk wanita, dan kadar alanin aminotrans feraseserum >35 U/L. Dari 102 subjek yang terdaftar, 75 orang(73,5%) adalah wanita. Median dari total skor NAFLD adalah 6,7 dengan rentang dari 3,6 hingga 10,2. Median asupan karbohidrat total adalah 179,6 (54,1-476,8) g/hari, dan median total asupan sukrosa adalah 47,0 (13,7-220,5) g/hari. Asupan sukrosa lebih tinggi signifikan pada responden dengan skor NAFLD >6,7 dibandingkan <6,7. (47,8 vs. 45,3 g; p=0,042; Mann-Whitney U test). Analisis multivariat mengonfirmasi adanya hubungan asupan sukrosa dan skor tinggi perlemakan hati non alkoholik.Kesimpulan: Asupan sukrosa tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan skor NAFLD pada penyandang obesitas dewasa, namun bermakna jika dikaitkan dengan skor tinggi perlemakan hati non alkoholik. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk pengembangan variabel tambahan pada skor NAFLD.

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Obesity is a major problem in a world public health which is also known as one of the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An assessment system for detecting NAFLD has been developed and validated in Indonesia. However, the diet pattern of obese people who might have an effect on NALFD is still unknown. This study evaluated sucrose intake among obese adults in Jakarta and ints association with NAFLD score. This was a community-based cross sectional study among adults with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 between September and Oktober 2018 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Sucrose intake was assessed using 2x24-hour food recall, calculated based on the Indonesian and American food composition tables using dietary software Nutrisurvey. The NAFLD score consists of six risk factors, i.e. BMI >25 kg/m2, male sex, age >35 years, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL for men or <50 mg/dL for women, and serum alanine aminotransferase levels >35 U/L. A total of 102 subjects were recruited; 75 (73.5%) of them were women. The median of total NAFLD scores was 6.7, ranging from 3.6 to 10.2. Median total carbohydrate intake was 179.6 (54.1-476.8) g/day, while the median total sucrose intake was 47.0 (13.7-220.5) g/day. Sucrose intake was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD score >6.7 than <6.7 (47.8 vs. 45.3 g; p=0.042; Mann-Whitney U test). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of sucrose intake and higher total NAFLD score.

Conclusions: Sucrose intake and NAFLD score have no significant association among obese adults. Further research is needed to develop additional variables on NAFLD score.

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