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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kematian maternal merupakan masalah yang kompleks dan sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di dunia, khususnya di negara berkembang. Kehamilan kembar merupakan faktor risiko yang penting untuk dikaji terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Ibu dengan kehamilan kembar diduga memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi terhadap terjadinya komplikasi obstetrik baik selama antepartum, intrapartum maupun pada saat post partum dibandingkan dengan kehamilan tunggal (singleton). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan kembar dan komplikasi persalinan pada wanita usia 15-49 tahun di Indonesia dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi cox. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel seluruh wanita yang pernah melahirkan pada kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir sebelum survei SDKI (Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia) 2012 dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara statistik tidak ada hubungan antara kehamilan kembar dengan komplikasi persalinan di indonesia (PR 1.06, 95% CI 0.8-1.4), namun secara khusus kehamilan kembar berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya eklampsi (PR 1.96, 95%CI 0.6-5.3). Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk dilakukan intervensi yang tepat sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan ibu di Indonesia khususnya pada ibu dengan kehamilan kembar yang harus di monitor secara terpadu dan komprehensif selama masa kehamilan dan persalinan melalui pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara rutin, asupan nutrisi adekuat dan pemeriksaan urin.

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ABSTRACT
Maternal mortality is a complex issue and still a major health problem in the world, especially in development countries. Twin pregnancy is an important risk factor to be assesed and known as one of the direct causes related to obstetric complications during antepartum, intrapartum and post partum compared with singleton pregnancies. It's could affected to maternal morbidity and mortality. This study purposed to determine the relationship between twin pregnancy and delivery complications in the reproductive age woman in Indonesia by using cross-sectional study design and were analyzed by Cox regression. Sample was selected by total sampling. This study used all of women who have ever birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey (DHS 2012) conducted. The result of study showed that statistically, there is not association between twin pregnancy and delivery complication in Indonesia (PR 1.06, 95% CI 0.8-1.4) but specifically twin pregnancy could be effected to eclampsia (PR 1.96, 95%CI 0.6-5.3). Therefore, it is very important to appropiate some intervention to effort maternity health program in Indonesia. especially women with twin pregnancies should be monitored in an integrated and comprehensive during pregnancy and delivery such as good nutrition supply, blood pressure monitoring and urine monitoring.

Abstrak :
Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi masih cukup tinggi sampai sekarang dibandingkan dengan kabupaten lain di Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara perilaku kesehatan yang berupa: kunjungan ANC dan penolong persalinan pertama dengan kematian maternal di Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi periode 2012 ? 2015 dengan menggunakan data Audit Maternal Perinatal atau AMP. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian case control yang terdiri dari 40 kasus dan 40 kontrol. Kelompok kasus adalah ibu yang mengalami kematian akibat kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas periode 2012 ? 2015 sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah ibu yang tidak mengalami kematian akibat kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas periode 2012 ? 2015. Penelitian ini menemukan terdapat hubungan antara kunjungan ANC (OR=0,049 95% CI: 0,002 - 1,006) dan terdapat hubungan antara penolong persalinan pertama dengan kematian maternal (OR= 0,105, 95% CI: 0,012 - 0,908) setelah di kontrol dengan variabel riwayat penyakit kronik, riwayat obstetri, gravida, paritas, cara persalinan dan rujukan. ...... Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province is currently still rather high compared to the other regencies in Jambi Province. This research was conducted in order to observe the relationships between health behaviors in the form of: visitation from ANC and labor paramedics towards maternal mortality in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province period of 2012 ? 2015 by utilizing the Audit Maternal Perinatal data or AMP. This research uses case control research design which is comprised by 40 cases and 40 controls. Included in the case group is mothers who experienced death due to pregnancy, childbirth and childbed period 2012 ? 2015 whereas the control group comprises of mothers who did not experience death by pregnancy, childbirth and childbed period 2012 - 2015. This research found that there is no relationship between ANC visits (OR=0,049 95% CI: 0,002 - 1,006) and there is correlation between the labor paramedics towards maternal (OR= 0,105, 95% CI: 0,012 - 0,908) after being controlled with variables such as chronic disease history, obstetric history, gravida, parity, labor mode and reference.

Abstrak :
Kelahiran Bayi Barat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) erat kaitannya dengan gizi ibu hamil khususnya anemia dan Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh risiko KEK pada ibu hamil dan faktor lainnya terhadap BBLR di Kabupaten Sawahlunto-Sinjunjung tahun 2007. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder, jumlah sampel 228, desain kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah BBLR dan kontrol adalah Bayi Berat Lahir Normal (BBLN). Analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square dan analisis multivariat rnenggunakan multiple logistic regression. Hasil penelitian ditemukan pengaruh risiko KEK, Ante Natalcare (ANC) dan umur terhadap BBLR. Faktor yang paling domimn mempengaruhi BBLR adalah ibu hamil dengan risiko KEK (OR 4,8; 95% Cl 2,48-9,42), artinya ibu hamil dengan risiko KBK (LILA <23,5cm) berpeluang 4,8 kali melahirkan BBLR dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil tanpa risiko KEK (LILA >23,5cm) setelah dikontrol ANC dan umur ibu. Dengan mencegah risiko KEK dapat mengurangi kelahiran BBLR dan kematian bayi, disarankan kepada dinas kesehatan meningkatkan deteksi dini ibu hamil risiko KEK melalui ANC, mcningkatkan KIE kepada masyarakat, penanganan yang tepat, komitmen dalam evaluasi program dan feedback laporan, advokasi dengan Pemda, DPRD dan instansi terkait. ......Low birth weight (LBW) really involved to the mother nutrient especially anemia and chronic malnutrition risk. The purpose of this research is to know the risk of chronic malnutrition influenced on pregnancy and another factor to LBW at district Sawahlunto-Sijunjung on 2007. This research was performed by secondary data analysis with case controls design with minimum sample amount was specified 228, Data were with chi square and multiple logistic regression. The observational result indicated there are influence on chronic malnutrition risk on pregnancy, ANC and mother age to LBW. The most dominant factor which is influence to LBW is chronic malnutrition risk on pregnancy with odds ratio 4,8 (95% Cl 2,48 - 9,42), it's mean is pregnancy with chronic malnutrition will face the risk 4,8 times to LBW compare to pregnancy with out risk chronic malnutrition after ANC and mother age controlled To avoid and settles chronic malnutrition risk on pregnancy which is expected could to reduce LBW and presses infant mortality. Recommend health district office to mothers to perform early detection on risk of chronic malnutrition on pregnancy passes through ANC, increasing elucidation (communication, information and education) to community, by performing the right treatment, commitment in evaluates program and feedback on regularly report, Advocate to Government, others institution.

Abstrak :
AKB di Indonesia adalah 35 per I 000 kelahhan hidup, AKB Indonesia masih lebih tinggi daripada beberapa Negara Asia Tenggara. Secara makro maka masalah AKB akan mempengaruhi Human Development Index yang merupakan salah satu indikator untuk menilai status kesehatan suatu Negara. Pemberian ASI dapat menurunkan risiko kematian bayL Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui pengaruh durasi pem:berian AS[ dan fitktor determinan lainnya terhadap ketahanan hidup bayi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi pcmberian AS! dan faktor ibu, bayi dan lingkungan tempat tinggal terhadap ketahanan hidup bayi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder SDKI 2002-2003. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi cox ganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa probabilitas ketahanan hidup bayi yang mendapatkan ASI di Indonesia adalah 984%. Median kahdaman hidup bayi tidak dapat dihitung karena sampai pengamatan berakhir tidak ditemukan 50%kematian bayi. Durasi pemberian AS!mempengaruhi kelahanan hidup hayi di Indonesia. Bayi yang disusui dengan durasi 4-5 bulan memiliki ketahanan hidup 2,63 kali lebih baik.

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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is 3.5 per 1000. IMR Indonesia is still higher compare to some other South East Asia States. When IMR problem is not handled macroiy, it will influence the Human Development Index. Breastfeeding can decrease infant death risk. Therefore; it is important to know the effect of duration of breastfeeding and other determinant factors related to infant survival in Indonesia. This research is aimed to explore the effect of duration of breastfeeding and mother. Infant. and environment factors to infant survival in Indonesia. Data was analyzed by using the multiple cox regression. The result showed that probability of infant survival who had breastfeeding. Indonesia is 984 Median of infant survival inca1culable because until the end of the study, the rate of 50% infant mortality was not occurred. Duration of breastfeeding affect to infant survival in Indonesia. Infant who have duration of breastfeed 4-5 months have a better survival 2,63 times than those who have less than 4 months duration of breastfeeding. Infant who have duration of breastfeeding 6 months have a better survival 33,33 times than those who have less than 4 months duration of breastfeeding.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
An comprehensiove study has been carried out for the study and extension of lases induce shock wave plasma spectroscopy (LISPS) application to non metalic soft and hard samples. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamical process taking place in the laser plasma generated by a high power and short pulse laser irradiations on a non metal soft and hard samples it was found that in the case of non metal soft sample, the ablated atoms failed to induce a visible plasma at the surface of the target however, it became possible, after a few laser shots depending on the target layer thickness, to generate the sock wave plasma emitting the characteristic spectral line of the target material. Another related phenomenon studied in this experiment is the pre-irradiation effect pbserved on a non metal hard sample such as quartz sample, which was characterized by absence of secondary plasma at athe initial shots. The disappearance of this effect at a later stage was found to be connected with the appearance of a crater of appropriate depth on the sample surface created by iniatial repeated irradiations on the sample surface. The plasma produced thereafter exhibited typical features of a secondary plasma. Further experiment employing aaratificial ring crater on the sample surface has eliminated the pre-irraduation effect completely, and has thus demonstrated that it is the confinenement effect of the crater which was solely responsible for the generation of secondary plasma from the non metal hard tearget. This conclusion is ini confrormation with the shock wave proposed earlier. These experimental studies have thus considerably substantiated our understanding of the process of secondary plasma generatuion. In turn, this result helps to improve the quality and extend the scope of LISPS applications in the future

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
An comprehensiove study has been carried out for the study and extension of lases induce shock wave plasma spectroscopy (LISPS) application to non metalic soft and hard samples. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamical process taking place in the laser plasma generated by a high power and short pulse laser irradiations on a non metal soft and hard samples it was found that in the case of non metal soft sample, the ablated atoms failed to induce a visible plasma at the surface of the target however, it became possible, after a few laser shots depending on the target layer thickness, to generate the sock wave plasma emitting the characteristic spectral line of the target material. Another related phenomenon studied in this experiment is the pre-irradiation effect pbserved on a non metal hard sample such as quartz sample, which was characterized by absence of secondary plasma at athe initial shots. The disappearance of this effect at a later stage was found to be connected with the appearance of a crater of appropriate depth on the sample surface created by iniatial repeated irradiations on the sample surface. The plasma produced thereafter exhibited typical features of a secondary plasma. Further experiment employing aaratificial ring crater on the sample surface has eliminated the pre-irraduation effect completely, and has thus demonstrated that it is the confinenement effect of the crater which was solely responsible for the generation of secondary plasma from the non metal hard tearget. This conclusion is ini confrormation with the shock wave proposed earlier. These experimental studies have thus considerably substantiated our understanding of the process of secondary plasma generatuion. In turn, this result helps to improve the quality and extend the scope of LISPS applications in the future

Abstrak :
Selama ini balamut hanya dilihat sebagai tradisi untuk menghibur, menunaikan nadar dan pengobatan. Penelitian ini berupaya mengisi rumpang tersebut dengan mengkaji bahwa di balik ketiga praktik tersebut ada beragam bentuk resistensi baik yang bersifat individual maupun kolektif terhadap momentum kekuasaan yang ada dalam setiap pertunjukannya. Kemungkinan adanya praktik resistensi ini terabaikan dalam kajian terdahulu karena tradisi balamut cenderung dilihat sebagai sastra lisan dan mendekatinya seperti membaca sastra tulis atau cetak untuk mengidentifikasi makna dan nilai dengan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsiknya. Pendekatan tersebut mengabaikan peran penting palamutan dan audiens sebagai faktor pembentuk makna. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mendekati tradisi balamut dengan teori dan metode yang disediakan oleh etnografi, tradisi lisan, pertunjukan, dan ritual untuk mengkaji kemungkinan adanya praktik resistensi.Resistensi yang dilakukan palamutan termasuk jenis resistensi individual nirkekerasan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol budaya baik di ranah publik maupun domestik untuk melawan sekaligus membela tradisinya, merespons politik identitas dan mengeritik kondisi sosial kontemporer yang dihadapinya. Dinamika inilah yang membuat tradisi ini tetap bertahan.Dengan melihat tradisi balamut sebagai praktik resistensi berarti menempatkan palamutan sebagai pelaku tradisi yang memiliki kesadaran sosial dan ideologis. Ia bukan sekadar pelaku yang mentransmisikan tradisi secara pasif tetapi ikut menciptakan kembali tradisi tersebut secara aktif dan kreatif.

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So far balamut oral tradition in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, has been seen only as a tradition to entertain, to perform nadar and treatment. This study attempts to fill these gaps by examining that behind the such three practices there are various forms of resistance to the momentum of the powers individually and collectively in every moment of its performance. The possibility of this resistance practices was overlooked in previous studies because balamut tradition tends to be seen as oral literature and approached as printed literature to identify its meaning and values by analyzing its intrinsic elements. Such approach ignores the important role of palamutan the storyteller of the tale of Lamut and audience as the determining factors of meaning. Therefore, this research approaches balamut tradition in the framework of theories and methods provided by ethnography, oral traditions, performance, and ritual practices to assess the possibility of resistance.Resistance that is conducted by palamutan the storyteller of Lamut Story is a kind of nonviolent individual resistance using cultural symbols both in the public and domestic spheres to fight as well as defend its traditions, respond to politics of identity and criticize the contemporary social conditions he faces. Such cultural dynamic makes this tradition survive.By looking at balamut tradition as a practice of resistance means to place palamutan as a social actor who has social and ideological awareness. He is not just actor who transmits his tradition passively but go on recreating the tradition actively and creatively.