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"ABSTRAK Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare efficacy of various irrigating solutions for smear layer removal and dentin microhardness. Methods: Based on the four final irrigants used plus saline control, 50 single rooted teeth were divided into five groups. Using a step back technique with K files, chemomechanical preparation was performed.Canals were apically enlarged up to ISO size 40 and stepped back up to ISO size 60. During preparation, irrigation was performed with 2.5% NaOCl solution and the roots were sectioned into two halves. In the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, the smear layer was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy in one half, whereas the dentinmicrohardness was evaluated in the other half. Results: For all irrigants in the coronal and middle third regions, the efficacy of smear layer removal was comparable. Doxycycline, citric acid, Tween 80 (MTAD) and 10% maleic acid were the most effective for the apical third region, followed by 7% maleic acid and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Dentin microhardness was most affected by MTAD and 10% maleic acid, followed by 17% EDTA and 7% maleic acid. Conclusion: For removal of smear layer and the least effect on dentin microhardness, 7% maleic acid was effective."

"In remanufacturing, companies take the product back from customers when the product reaches its end-of-life, so as to use as a feedstock for manufacturing of new products. Thereby, it reduces the risk of environmental degradation to be caused by these end-of-life products. The real efficiency in remanufacturing lies in the cost-effective use of reused components. In this paper, we formulate an optimization model based on famous Bass diffusion model to depict not only the quantity returned in the remanufacturing process, but also the amount of cost-saving a manufacturer does with efficient remanufacturing. The proposed approach can enable product designers and remanufacturers to quantify the total component reuse volume by considering the quantity returned, diffusion dynamics with coefficient of innovation and imitation and time to begin remanufacturing. Analytical reasoning & numerical illustration to validate the proposed optimization model and explanation of remanufacturing diffusion dynamics are provided."

"AbstrakA 43-year old male presented with persistent discomfort and pain upper abdomen (epigastrium) more on left side associated with fever on and off, along with fatigue and loss of appetite for the last four months. Physical examination revealed mass on left hypochondrium extending to epigastrium with mild distension of the abdomen. Imaging studies of the patient showed dextrocardia on chest x-ray postero-anterior (PA) view, thoracic and abdominal CT scan showed situs inversus totalis with multiple SOL (space occupying lesion) in right lobe of liver with largest measuring 8x6 cm2 in the 4th segment. USG-guided FNAC of the mass showed features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thereupon, hepatocellular carcinoma in situs inversus totalis was diagosed to this patient and was clinically staged as T3aN0M0. He was given sorafenib 400 mg orally twice daily with an advice to come for regular assessment every 4 week."

"Dilakukan penelitian untuk memperoleh bukti tentang basil tahan asam (BTA) dalam sumsum tulang (ST) pada pasien dengan tuberkulosis ekstrapulmoner. Pada 50 kasus yang diduga tuberkulosis ekstrapulmoner dilakukan aspirasi ST dari sternum/crista iliaca dan dimasukkan dalam uji klinik pengobatan anti tuberkulosis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semua kasus yang diteliti bereaksi terhadap pengobatan anti tuberkulosis. Gambaran jangkitan penyakit adalah sebagai berikut: abdomen (20), susunan saraf pusat (19), pericard (5), limfadenopati leher (2), PUO (2), spina (1) dan milier (1). Lima puluh dua persen kasus menunjukkan BTA dalam ST (pada pewarnaan Zn), sedangkan hanya 4% kasus yang menunjukkan BTA pada cairan tubuh lain (cairan serebro spinal/pericardium/ peritoneum). Di samping itu, perubahan sitomorfologik dari ST menunjukkan terjadinya limfositosis (22%), peningkatan sel plasma (80%) dan makrofag (88%), sesuai dengan patologi infeksi yang disertai aktifitas makrofag yang berlebihan. Disimpulkan bahwa aspirasi sumsum tulang mempunyai nilai diagnostik yang definitif dan mungkin berguna apabila pemeriksaan lain belum cukup. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 148-52)

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This study was undertaken to look for evidence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in bone marrow (BM) in patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fifty cases suspected of extrapulmonary tuberculosis underwent bone marrow aspiration from sternum/illiac crest and were put on a therapeutic trial of antituberculosis therapy. All cases taken in the study responded to the therapy. The pattern of involvement were ? abdominal (20), CNS (19), pericardial involvement (5), cervical lymphadenopathy (2), PUO (2), spinal (1) and miliary (1). 52% cases showed evidence of AFB in BM (on Ziehl Neelsen?s (ZN) staining) whereas only 4% of cases showed evidence of AFB in any other body fluid (CSF/pericardium/peritonium). Besides this, cytomorphological changes of BM showed evidence of lymphocytosis (22%), increased plasma cells (80%) and prominence of macrophages (88%), thus signifying infective pathology with macrophage overactivity. So we conclude that bone marrow aspiration has a definite diagnostic value and may prove useful when other investigations are unrewarding. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 148-52)"

"Assessing the reliability of complex multi-state systems comprising numerous sub-systems and components is one of the key challenges faced by industry. The effect of degradation of individual component on other associated components plays a vital role in entire system transition from a higher performance level to a lower performance level. The proposed work focuses on the effect of dependence or functional association among various components on system reliability. There are many components in any complex system that hold higher critical order and failure of these critical components may cause the decline in the performance level of the total system. This paper takes under consideration the critical order of each component along with their dependent nature and captures the effect of their degradation on overall system reliability."

"ABSTRAKObjective: To evaluate the effect of 10 % Emblica offcinalis irrigation, which has anti inflammatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial activities, adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) for treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty six patients were randomly assigned to the negative control group (SRP saline irrigation; n 22), positive control group (SRP chlorhexidine irrigation; n 22), and test group (SRP 10 % E. offcinalis irrigation; n 22). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were monitored 3 months post-therapy. Results: There were signifcantly greater reductions in the mean PI, PPD, and SBI but a greater mean CAL at 3 months post therapy in the test group than in the negative control (p 0.05). Compared with the positive control, the test group demonstrated greater reduction in SBI but comparable improvements in PI, GI, CAL, deep pockets (PPD 5 until 6 mm, 7 mm), and sites with CAL 6 mm at 3 months post therapy (p 0.05) but less reduction in the mean PPD (p 0.05). Conclusions: E. offcinalis 10 % irrigant adjunctive to SRP improved periodontal healing without side effects and may be an alternative to chlorhexidine for chronic periodontitis treatment. "