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"Infeksi DENV masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena dapat menyebabkan penyakit berat dan bahkan mungkin berakibat fatal. Pengembangan vaksin rekombinan dengan antigen yang mampu dengan efektif menginduksi respon imun perlu untuk dikembangkan. Kesesuaian genotipe yang digunakan di vaksin dan genotipe yang beredar di suatu wilayah berimplikasi terhadap keberhasilan pengembangan vaksin. Plasmid rekombinan yang dirancang berdasarkan gen prM-E DENV-2 strain 151 diekspresikan di Pichia pastoris strain X-33. Telah dilakukan optimasi ekspresi dan antigenisitas protein rekombinan prM-E. Diperoleh 4 koloni P. pastoris rekombinan dengan fenotipe Mut . Hasil SDS-PAGE dan Western blot menunjukkan protein telah berhasil diekspresikan pada ukuran 50 kDa. Kondisi ekspresi optimum protein rekombinan prM-E DENV-2 yaitu pada konsentrasi metanol 1 dengan waktu inkubasi 48 jam. Protein rekombinan prM-E DENV-2 dikenali oleh antibodi anti- prM-E DENV-2 dan bereaksi silang dengan antibodi anti-prM-E DENV-1, DENV-3, serta DENV-4. Protein rekombinan prM-E DENV-2 yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai antigen dalam pengembangan vaksin protein rekombinan dengue strain Indonesia.

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DENV infection is still a public health problem in Indonesia because it can cause severe illness and may even be fatal. Development of recombinant vaccine with antigens capable of effectively inducing an immune response needs to be developed. The suitability of genotypes used in vaccines and genotypes circulating in a region has implications for the successful development of vaccines. Construction of a recombinant plasmid based on prM E gene of DENV 2 strain 151 was used for expression in Pichia pastoris strain X 33. Optimization and antigenicity of DENV 2 prM E recombinant protein were tested. Four Mut phenotypes were generated. SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the protein was expressed with a molecular weight of 50 kDa. Optimal protein expression level occurred at concentration of 1 methanol with 48 hours incubation time. DENV 2 prM E recombinant protein was recognized by anti prM E DENV 2 and also showed cross reaction with anti prM E DENV 1, DENV 3, and DENV 4 antibodies. Thus, the DENV 2 prM E recombinant protein can be used as an antigen in the development of the recombinant protein vaccine of the dengue strains of Indonesia. "

"Latihan fisik bermanfaat menjaga kesehatan dan meningkatkan performa atlet. Ketika menghadapi kompetisi, atlet kadang meningkatkan beban latihan tanpa istirahat cukup sehingga terjadi overtraining syndrome (OTS). Pada OTS ditemukan berbagai gejala adaptasi patologis berbagai sistem organ tubuh, termasuk di jantung. Selain itu, terjadi peningkatan kadar IL-6 dan TNF-α sistemik. IL-6 akan berikatan dengan reseptornya dan mengaktivasi IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 sehingga terjadi hipertrofi jantung. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL) diketahui memilki efek anti inflamasi. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh overtraining dan pemberian HSL pada overtraining terhadap status inflamasi jantung. Penelitian menggunakan jaringan jantung dari 25 ekor tikus Wistar berusia 8-10 minggu, berat badan 300-350 gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kontrol (C), kontrol + Hibiscus (C+HSL), aerobik (A), Overtraining, dan Overtraining + HSL. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 11 minggu. Pada akhir penelitian, dilakukan pengukuran kadar IL-6, ERK5, dan TNF-α. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar IL-6 dan ERK5 tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok. Kadar TNF-α pada kelompok latihan fisik overtraining (206,7±40,96 pg/mg), lebih tinggi secara bermakna jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol (93,03±20,23 pg/mg). Pada kelompok overtraining + HSL, kadar IL-6 (17,62±14,42 pg/mg) dan TNF-α (44,95±6,252 pg/mg) lebih rendah secara bermakna bila dibandingkan kelompok overtraining. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa overtraining menyebabkan inflamasi di jantung dan pemberian HSL dapat menguranginya.

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Physical exercise is beneficial for maintaining health and increasing the performance of athletes. When facing a competition, athletes sometimes increase their training load without adequate rest so overtraining syndrome (OTS) occured. Various symptoms of pathological adaptation in various body organ systems are found in OTS, including in the heart. In addition, there was an increase in IL-6 and systemic TNF-α levels. IL-6 will bind to its receptors and activate IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects.

This study wanted to find out the effect of overtraining and administration of HSL in overtraining on the inflammatory status of the heart. The study used heart tissue from 25 Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 300-350 grams. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely control (C), control + Hibiscus (C + HSL), aerobics (A), Overtraining, and Overtraining + HSL. The treatment was carried out for 11 weeks. At the end of the study, IL-6, ERK5, and TNF-α level were measured.

The results showed that level of IL-6 and ERK5 did not differ significantly between groups. TNF-α level in the overtraining exercise group (206.7 ± 40.96 pg/mg) were significantly higher when compared to the controls (93.03 ± 20.23 pg/mg). In the overtraining + HSL group, IL-6 levels (17.62 ± 14.42 pg / mg) and TNF-α (44.95 ± 6.252 pg/mg) were significantly lower than the overtraining group. It was concluded from this study that overtraining causes inflammation in the heart and administration of HSL can reduce it."

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan jaringan mirip endometrium di luar rongga uterus. Inflamasi kronik pada endometriosis memiliki peranan penting dalam memfasilitasi perkembangan kista endometriosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas oktil galat dalam menurunkan inflamasi pada tikus Wistar model endometriosis. Sejumlah 30 ekor tikus wistar betina dibagi secara acak ke dalam tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama dan kedua direkayasa membentuk jaringan endometriosis, sedangkan kelompok ketiga dilaparatomi sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif. Setelah dua bulan, dilakukan laparatomi kedua pada kelompok satu dan dua untuk mengevaluasi pembentukan jaringan endometriosis. Induksi oktil galat diberikan pada kelompok pertama selama satu bulan. Seluruh tikus kemudian dieuthanasia dan jaringan endometriosis kelompok pertama dan kedua, serta jaringan endometrium kelompok ketiga, diambil untuk dianalisis. Pengukuran kadar sitokin TNF-α dan IL-10 dilakukan menggunakan Luminex Multiplex Assay, sedangkan kadar COX-2 dan PGE₂ diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis beda proporsi menunjukkan bahwa pemberian oktil galat pada kelompok pertama tidak memberikan perubahan kadar TNF-α kategori tinggi yang signifikan, sedangkan kadar COX-2, PGE₂, dan IL-10 kategori tinggi teramati mengalami penurunan signifikan sebesar 22,3%, 55,6%, dan 44,5%, dibandingkan dengan kelompok kedua (p<0,05). Oktil galat diketahui efektif dalam menurunkan mediator inflamasi COX-2 dan PGE₂, serta anti-inflamasi IL-10, yang memicu perbaikan gejala klinis berupa regresi ukuran kista endometriosis.

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Endometriosis is a gynecological disease, characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Chronic inflammation in endometriosis has an important role in facilitating the development of endometriosis cysts. The present study aimed to analyze the anti inflammatory effect of octyl gallate in endometriosis Wistar rat model. 30 female Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups. Endometriosis induction was performed in the first and second group, while a sham operation was performed in the third group. Two months later, a second laparotomy was performed in the first and second groups to evaluate endometriosis tissue formation. Octyl gallate was administered via oral gavage to the first group for one month. All rats were sacrificed and endometriosis tissue samples were collected for further analysis. TNF-α and IL-10 levels were measured using Luminex Multiplex Assay, while COX-2 and PGE₂ levels were measured using the ELISA method. The administration of octyl gallate in the first group did not significantly effect TNF-α levels, whereas the high category of COX-2, PGE₂, and IL-10 levels were observed to experience a significant decrease up to 22.3%, 55.6%, and 44.5% compared to the second group (p<0.05). In conclusion, octyl gallate was able to supress the inflammatory mediators, COX-2 and PGE₂, along the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10, which induced the regression of endometriosis cysts size as an improvement of clinical symptoms."