Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas penerapan sanksi pidana administrasi terhadap pelanggaran pengelolaan limbah medis yang tidak sesuai dengan standar atau peraturan peraturan perundang-undangan yang dilakukan oleh rumah sakit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah yuridis-normatif, yakni penelitian yang berdasarkan pada hukum tertulis berupa peraturan perundang-undangan berlaku, teori hukum konsep hukum, doktrin atau pendapat ahli dan literatur. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menyimpulkan bahwa limbah yang dihasilkan oleh rumah sakit terbagi menjadi limbah non medis dan limbah medis. Sebanyak 70-90% rumah sakit menghasilkan limbah non medis yang bersifat seperti limbah domestik atau rumah tangga. Sedangkan sekitar hampir 30% rumah sakit menghasilkan limbah medis yang termasuk dalam limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun bahkan jenis tertentu termasuk dalam limbah sangat berbahaya. Meskipun prosentasenya tidak sebesar limbah non medis namun dampak yang dihasilkan sangat besar untuk lingkungan hidup seperti pencemaran. Pengelolaan limbah medis rumah sakit sudah dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai teknologi dan/atau bekerjasama dengan pihak ketiga, namun berbagai alasan sering kali rumah sakit tidak melakukan pengelolaan limbah medis rumah sakit. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran tersebut sering kali berawal dari tidak memiliki izin untuk melakukan pengelolaan limbah. Oleh sebab itu, perlu penerapan sanksi dengan melakukan pendekatan Command And Control (CAC). CAC merupakan campur tangan pemerintah untuk mengatur masyarakatnya mulai dari penerapan standar hingga memberikan izin. Pendekatan CAC dalam penerapan sanksi disesuaikan dengan regulatory chain, dimana siklus dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan berawal dari perundang-undangan; penentuan standar; pemberian izin; kemudian penerapan; dan penegakan hukum. Penegakan hukum yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini ialah penerapan sanksi terhadap bentuk pelanggaran perundang-undangan, standar dan/atau izin yang diberikan.

---

ABSTRACT The research discusses the implementation of criminal administrative sanctions against the offense medical waste management which are not in accordance with standard of the laws and rule conducted by the hospital. The research method used is normative juridical, i.e research based on written laws and regulations applied, legal theory of legal concepts, doctrine or expert opinion and related literatures. The research results concluded that waste generated by the hospital is divided into non-medical waste and medical waste. Approximately 70-90% the hospitals produce non-medical waste that is like domestic or household waste. Whereas, about nearly 30%, the hospitals produce medical waste that is included in hazardous and toxic waste materials, even certain types are included in the highly hazardous waste. Although the percentage is not as big as non-medical waste, but the resulting impact is enormous for the environment such as pollution. Medical waste management can be done with various technologies and / or cooperate with third parties, but for various reasons, often the hospitals do not conduct medical waste management. Such violations often stem from not having permission to undertake waste management. Therefore, it is necessary to apply sanctions by approaching Command And Control (CAC). CAC is a government intervention to organize its people from standard implementation to granting permission. The CAC approach in the implementation of sanctions is adjusted to the regulatory chain, where the cycles in enforcement of environmental law started from legislation; standard setting; licensing; then application; and law enforcement. Law enforcement which is referred in this study is the application of sanctions against forms of violation of legislation, standards and / or permits granted."

"ABSTRAKIndonesia dan Australia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang sangatberlimpah. Salah satu dari kekayaan alam yang dimiliki oleh kedua Negara tersebutadalah hutan dan segala hasilnya. Oleh karena itu, Negara wajib untuk melindungikekayaan alam tersebut agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kemakmuran rakyat.Salah satu ancaman bagi hutan Indonesia adalah kebakaran hutan. Penyebab kebakaranlahan tersebut bisa diakibatkan oleh faktor alam dan juga faktor manusia.Penyebab dari faktor manusia ini bisa pula merupakan pembakaran lahan yangdilakukan oleh penduduk asli. Indonesia memiliki beberapa masyarakat adat yangmelakukan pembakaran lahan sebagai bagian dari tradisi mereka. Hal ini juga terjadidi Australia, yang mana penduduk asli mereka masih melakukan praktekpembakaran lahan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari

---

ABSTRACTIndonesia and Australia blessed with abundant of natural resources. One of thatnatural resources is a forest. Therefore, the State is obliged to protect the naturalresources, in this case the forest, that can be utilized for the welfare of the peoples.The major threat for the forest is a land clearing by fire. This land clearing can becaused by human factor or natural factor. The cause of this human factor can alsobe a land burning is done by natives. Indonesia and Australia have something incommon on this problem. The Indigenous people of Australia have practice thisland burning for a long time, because it?s one of their custom. Some MasyarakatHukum Adat in Indonesia also doing this land clearing by using the fire for fulfiltheir daily needs"

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai peran dari masyarakat hukum adat dalammengelola hutan di Indonesia dan penyelenggaraan pemenuhan hak masyarakathukum adat untuk dapat mengelola hutan oleh negara. Selain itu, dibahas jugaterkait dengan sejarah hukum pengelolaan hutan dan paradigma pengelolaan hutandi Indonesia sebagai analisis atas kebijakan kehutanan yang diterbitkan olehPemerintah. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan deskripsiatas kondisi pengelolaan hutan oleh masyarakat hukum adat di Indonesia.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the role of customary law communities in forestmanagement in Indonesia and organizing the fulfillment of rights of indigenouspeople to manage forests by the state. In addition, also discussed related to thelegal history of forest management and forest management paradigm in Indonesiaas an analysis of forest policy issued by the Government. The main objective ofthis study is to provide a description of the condition of forest management byindigenous people in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAK Praktek hak gugat pemerintah atas pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan pada rezim UUPPLH dalam implementasinya masih terdapat hambatan dalam upaya perlindungan lingkungan hidup. Hambatan tersebut adalah adanya pembatasan kewenangan pemerintah dalam melakukan gugatan ganti rugi yang dibatasi hanya pada kerugian yang bukan menjadi hak milik privat. Selain itu tidak adanya mekanisme yang jelas terkait perhitungan kerugian lingkungan dalam pengadilan menimbulkan inkonsistensi dalam putusan yang satu dengan lainnya. Namun berdasarkan hasil penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, komparatif, historis dan konsepsional dalam penelitian ini telah ditemukan bahwa konsep hak gugat pemerintah pada pasal 90 UUPPLH lebih mirip dengan konsep doktrin public trust. Namun dalam praktiknya konsep kerugian dalam implementasi doktrin public trust di beberapa negara seperti Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, Australia, dan Swiss memberikan hak kepada pemerintah untuk melakukan gugatan atas pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan tidak hanya pada sumber daya tak bertuan (unowned resources) tetapi juga pada sumber daya dalam hak milik (owned resources) yang didasarkan pada beberapa alasan seperti pada spesies tertentu, area yang dilindungi (protected area), kepentingan publik atau kepentingan khusus lainnya. Sehingga kedepannya pemaknaan tentang hak gugat pemerintah yang berlandaskan doktrin public trust tidak hanya didasarkan dari segi kepemilikan suatu sumber daya alam, tetapi didasarkan pada kewajiban negara dalam melindungi lingkungan hidup untuk kepentingan publik.

---

ABSTRACTThe practice of the government's right to sue for pollution and/or environmental damage in the UUPPLH regime in its implementation still has obstacles in efforts to protect the environment. The obstacle is the limitation of the government's authority to make compensation claims which are limited to losses that are not private property rights. In addition, there were no clear differences of opinion regarding the environmental issues in the court which caused inconsistencies in the verdict. However, based on the results of normative research with comparative, historical and conceptual approach in this study has been found in the concept of the government's right to sue in article 90 of the UUPPLH more similar to the concept of the doctrine of public trust. But in practice, the concept in the implementation of the doctrine of public trust in several countries such as the European Union, the United States, Australia and Switzerland gives the government the right to make claims for pollution and/or damage to the environment not only based on no-man's resources (unowned resources ) Also on resources in property rights (owned resources) which are based on several reasons such as certain species, supported areas (protected areas), public interests or other special interests. So that in the future the meaning of the government's right to sue  based on the doctrine of public trust is not only based on the ownership of a natural resource, but also accordance to the state's obligation to protect the environment in the public interest.

"

"Riset di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih dihadapkan pada sederet permasalahan krusial seputar kualitas, kapasitas, dan kelembagaan riset hingga membuat Indonesia hanya menduduki peringkat ke-75 dari 132 negara pada Global Innovation Index 2022. Dalam rangka memajukan iptek dan sekaligus menjawab permasalahan tersebut, telah dikeluarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 tentang Sistem Nasional Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi yang mengatur pembentukan Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) untuk menjalankan penelitian, pengembangan, pengkajian, penerapan, invensi, dan inovasi yang terintegrasi. Sejak awal, BRIN didesain untuk mengintegrasikan litbangjirap yang sumber dayanya tersebar dan pengelolaannya karut-marut akibat miskoordinasi, diskoneksi, dan tumpang tindih riset. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional lalu mengatur pengintegrasian litbangjirap sebagai peleburan tugas, fungsi, kewenangan, dan kelembagaan litbangjirap K/L menjadi satu atap di bawah BRIN. Dalam praktiknya, ditemukan banyak permasalahan terkait kelembagaan BRIN. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kedudukan BRIN, penerapan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik (AUPB) dalam pembentukan dan pengaturan kelembagaan BRIN, dan komparasi BRIN dengan UK Research and Innovation di Inggris Raya dan Agency for Science, Techology and Research di Singapura. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif melalui studi kepustakaan, analisis putusan judicial review, wawancara narasumber, dan studi komparasi antara regulasi Indonesia dengan Inggris Raya dan Singapura. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa BRIN adalah lembaga superbody riset di Indonesia karena menjadi satu-satunya lembaga pemerintah yang secara sekaligus membuat kebijakan, mengimplementasikan, dan mengontrol jalannya riset. Asas kepentingan umum dan asas pelayanan yang baik sebagai AUPB ditemukan belum BRIN terapkan secara optimal. Komparasi BRIN dengan UKRI dan A*STAR menunjukkan adanya pengaturan dan prinsip yang dapat diadopsi, yakni Prinsip Haldane, check and balance kelembagaan riset, dan perencanaan tersistematis untuk kebijakan dan alokasi anggaran riset. Penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya krisis kepemimpinan dan politisasi riset di BRIN yang secara mendesak memerlukan perhatian khusus stakeholder terkait.

---

Research in Indonesia is still faced with a series of crucial issues surrounding research quality, capacity, and institutions, making Indonesia only ranked 75th out of 132 countries in the Global Innovation Index 2022. In order to advance science and technology and at the same time answer these problems, Law Number 11 of 2019 on National System of Science and Technology was issued which regulates the establishment of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) to carry out integrated research, development, assessment, application, invention, and innovation. From the beginning, BRIN was designed to integrate R&D whose resources are scattered and whose management is chaotic due to miscoordination, disconnection, and overlapping research. Presidential Regulation Number 78 of 2021 on National Research and Innovation Agency then regulates the integration of R&D as the consolidation of tasks, functions, authorities, and institutions of R&D into one roof under BRIN. In practice, many problems were found related to the BRIN institution. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyse the position of BRIN, the application of general principles of good governance in the establishment and institutional arrangements of BRIN, and a comparison of BRIN with UK Research and Innovation in the United Kingdom and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore. The research method used is the normative juridical method through literature study, analysis of judicial review decision, resource person interviews, and comparative studies between Indonesian regulations with the United Kingdom and Singapore. This research found that BRIN is a research superbody institution in Indonesia because it is the only government institution that simultaneously makes policy, implements, and controls research. The principle of public interest and the principle of good service were found not to be optimally applied by BRIN. A comparison of BRIN with UKRI and A*STAR shows that there are arrangements and principles that can be adopted, namely the Haldane Principle, checks and balances of research institutions, and systematic planning for research policy and budget allocation. This research also found a crisis of leadership and politicisation of research at BRIN that urgently requires special attention from relevant stakeholders."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini memberikan kajian hukum terhadap permasalahanpermasalahanyang muncul dalam pelaksanaan Reklamasi di Teluk Benoa.Reklamasi Pantai, dengan MP3EI sebagai dasar percepatan kegiatan tersebut,mendapat tanggapan pro dan kontra dari masyarakat. Tindakan pemerintah daerahdalam menerbitkan Surat Keputusan mendapat respon yang buruk darimasyarakat. Perubahan zona kawasan Teluk Benoa yang terkandung dalamPerpres SARBAGITA, membawa dampak semakin membesarnya isu penolakanterhadap pelaksanaan Reklamasi Teluk Benoa. Konflik antara masyarakat Baliyang ingin mempertahankan wilayahnya sebagai wilayah konservasi, denganrencana pemerintah daerah yang senantiasa berupaya memajukan Bali sebagaitujuan wisata nasional, menjadi menarik untuk diangkat sebagai bahan kajian didalam penelitian ini.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis extends law examination in approaching problems in theimplementation of reclamation in Benoa Bay. Beach reclamation with MP3EI as abased acceleration of the activity, creates results such as pros and cons opinionsfrom society. The local government action in establishing of The Verdict got badresponses from society. The changing of Benoa Bay Regional Zone in PresidentialDegree No. 51 year 2014 gives impact in the increasing of rejection issue fromcons party in Benoa Bay Implementation. Conflict between society in Bali whowant to maintain their area as conservation area with the local government thatalways make serious efforts in developing Bali as a national tourism destinationbecomes interesting to be studied as an examination source in this research."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alamnya yang tinggi. Tercatat bahwa negara Indonesia memiliki 10-20% dari jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia. Namun dewasa ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Terancamnya kehidupan mereka disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah maraknya perdagangan satwa liar khususnya untuk satwa liar yang dilindungi di Indonesia. Kegiatan perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi merupakan tindak pidana menurut undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya. Terlebih lagi, Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) pada tahun 1978 melalui Keputusan Presiden No. 43 tahun 1978, yang pada intinya Konvensi ini memberikan mekanisme internasional untuk mengatur perdagangan satwa liar. CITES mengatur dan mengawasi perdagangan dengan menggunakan ?daftar negatif? seperti perdagangan semua spesies yang diperbolehkan dan tidak diatur kecuali spesies tersebut muncul di appendiks. Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sulphurea) sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Burung ini termasuk satwa yang dilindungi dan juga termasuk dalam Appendiks I CITES. Oleh karena itu baik perdagangan dalam negeri dan untuk tujuan ekspor adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar sebagaimana diatur dalam UU No.5 Tahun 1990 belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak para penegak hukum yang belum memahami secara penuh ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati ketika banyak terjadi perdagangan illegal satwa liar yang dilindungi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan di semua faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan tersebut.ABSTRACTIndonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade., Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.]"

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaturan perizinan usaha perikanan tangkap yang dapat memberikan perlindungan bagi kesejahteraan nelayan skala kecil. Penelitian yang dilakukan berjenis yuridis normatif dengan analisis data secara kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Adapun Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai hal tersebut, mengidentifikasi permasalahan hukum, dan bentuk perlindungan bagi kesejahteraan nelayan skala kecil di Indonesia.

---

This thesis discusses the regulation of the licensing of commercial fishing businesses that can provide protection for the welfare of small scale fishermen. The research conducted is judicial normative and analyses data qualitatively that is descriptive analytical. The purpose of this research is to find out about the regulation of the preceding, to identify the legal issues, and the form of the protection for the welfare of small scale fishermen in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini mengkritik pengaturan dan penerapan pertanggungjawaban pidana lingkungan untuk Korporasi dan Pengurus Korporasi dalam tindak pidana kebakaran hutan dalam peradilan pidana di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menguraikan bagaimana peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, khususnya yang mengatur mengenai tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dan kebakaran hutan (UU 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, dan UU 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan) dalam mengkonstruksikan pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi Korporasi dan Pengurus Korporasi. Selanjutnya, tulisan ini mengkritik konstruksi vicarious/derivative individual liability yang digunakan oleh dua undang-undang tersebut dalam membebankan pertanggungjawaban pidana kepada Pengurus Korporasi, sebab tidak memenuhi nilai etis dan keadilan dalam konteks penjatuhan pidana. Kemudian, tulisan ini juga menguraikan beberapa konstruksi pertanggungjawaban pidana yang seharusnya dapat digunakan untuk membebankan pertanggungjawaban pidana kepada Pengurus Korporasi dengan tetap memperhatikan adanya elemen ?kesalahan?, dan asas-asas serta nilai-nilai yang dijunjung tinggi dalam dimensi penegakan hukum pidana.

---

ABSTRAKThis thesis criticizes the vanishing distinction between corporate criminal liability and directors? criminal liability. This thesis explores the basis of liability to determines the criminal liability of corporate officers, in environmental regulations in Indonesia. This thesis criticizes the failure of such regulations to make a clear distinction between criminal liability for corporation and its officers, and after that, points out vicarious/derivative individual liability as the cause of the problem. Vicarious or derivative individual liability notoriously known scapegoats the corporate officers, solely by virtue of position they hold in corporation, upon the imposition of criminal liability that does not meet the ethical values and justice in the context of criminal punishment. Then, this thesis recommends some bases of liability that can be used to determine the blameworthiness of corporate officers in the context of corporate crime, with regard to the element of personal fault and principles which highly upheld in the criminal law."

"ABSTRAKSumber daya laut dewasa ini mengalami degradasi sebagai akibat dari perilakupemanfaatan yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Pemanfaatan cenderung bersifatdestruktif dan merusak, serta tidak mempertimbangkan aspek konservasi dankeberlanjutan sumberdaya. Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan yang tidak ramahlingkungan adalah penangkapan satwa yang dilindungi. Saat ini, paus merupakansatwa yang dilindungi karena jumlah populasi mengalami penurunan yangdiakibatkan oleh penagkapan paus secara besar-besaran. Perairan Indonesiamerupakan daerah jalur migrasi dari jenis-jenis mamalia laut seperti paus, lumbalumbadan duyung, terutama di wilayah Indonesia bagian timur. Salah satu desa diNusa Tenggara Timur, yaitu Desa Lamalera melakukan penangkapan paus hinggasaat ini dan menjadi tradisi masyarakat Lamalera. Pengaturan mengenaiperlindungan dan pemanfaatan satwa di Indonesia sudah ada, baik yang dibentukoleh Pemerintah sendiri maupun ratifikasi dari konvensi internasional.

---

ABSTRACTMarine resources currently degraded as a result of utilization behaviors that arenot environmentally friendly. Utilization tends to be destructive and damaging,and not considering aspects of the conservation and sustainability of the resource.One form of utilization that are not environmentally friendly is the arrest ofprotected wildlife. This time, whales is one of protected wildlife due to populationdecline caused by the massive whaling. Indonesia's sea is the migration routes ofspecies of marine mammals such as whales, dolphins and dugongs, especially inthe eastern part of Indonesia's territory. One of the village in East Nusa Tenggara,village of Lamalera conduct whaling until today and become a communitytradition of Lamalera. Arrangements regarding the protection and utilization ofwildlife in Indonesia, both set up by the Government itself or the ratification ofinternational conventions."