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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran keluhan sesuai Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS), gambaran perilaku berisiko waria dalam penularan IMS dan hubungan antara keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan desain studi potonglintang. Partisipan penelitian sebanyak 48 waria binaan Puskesmas Kedung Badak Kota Bogor. Sebagian besar waria berada pada usia lebih dari 29 tahun, pendidikan terakhirnya SMA, belum menikah, dan homoseksual. Sebanyak 14,6% waria mengalami keluhan sesuai IMS. Berdasarkan hubungan keduanya, diketahui bahwa status pernikahan dan pemakaian NAPZA suntik memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan timbulnya keluhan sesuai IMS.

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The purpose of this research is to overview symptoms in sexually transmitted infestions (STIs), risk behaviours in STI among Kedung Badak Health Cares patronage transvestities, and indicate the correlation between risk behaviour and the symptoms. This research uses quantitative method with crossectional design. The participants of this research consist of 48 Kedung Badak Health Cares patronage transvertism. The majority of transgender is more than 29 years old, the last education is SHS, unmarried, and homosexual. This research indicate that 14,6% transgender show the symptoms of STIs. The correlation has significant in marriage status and drug injections use."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pruritus adalah keluhan subyektif terbanyak yang membuat pasien datang ke poliklinik kulit, dan dua pertiga di antaranya adalah pruritus kronik. Kuesioner 5-D Itch Scale 5DIS adalah alat pengukuran pruritus kronik yang memenuhi berbagai aspek alat pengukuran pruritus sesuai rekomendasi International Forum for the Study of Itch IFSI . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner 5DIS berbahasa Indonesia untuk menilai keluhan pruritus kronik di Indonesia.Metode: Naskah 5DIS asli berbahasa Inggris diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia sesuai dengan pedoman adaptasi lintas budaya dari International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ISPOR . Tiga set kuesioner, yaitu skala gatal 5 dimensi, Dermatology Life Quality Index DLQI , dan Visual Analogue Scale VAS diberikan kepada pasien pruritus kronik di poliklinik IKKK RSUPNCM. Reliabilitas diuji menggunakan Cronbach a. Validitas konvergen dan konkuren diuji menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan Spearman.Hasil: Adaptasi lintas budaya 5DIS menghasilkan sebuah naskah skala gatal 5 dimensi. Ketiga set kuesioner diisi dengan lengkap oleh 34 orang. Rentang usia subjek penelitian SP adalah 18 hingga 83 tahun, dengan rerata usia 56,7 15,7 tahun. Nilai Cronbach a 0,679 untuk kelima ranah skala gatal 5 dimensi menunjukkan tingkat reliabilitas yang dapat diterima. Hasil uji validitas konvergen didapatkan korelasi yang kuat dan bermakna antara skor butir-butir dan skor total skala gatal 5 dimensi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi adalah 0,636-0,760. Hasil uji validitas konkuren didapatkan korelasi yang kuat dan bermakna antara skala gatal 5 dimensi dengan kuesioner DLQI dan skala VAS.Kesimpulan: Skala gatal 5 dimensi merupakan alat pengukuran yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai keluhan pruritus kronik pada pasien dewasa dan lansia di Indonesia.Kata kunci: pruritus kronik, pengukuran, 5-D itch scale, skala gatal 5 dimensi, validitas, reliabilitas

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ABSTRACTBackground Pruritus is a major subjective complaint in dermatology clinic, two thirds of them are chronic pruritus. International Forum for the Study of Itch recommends 5 D Itch Scale 5DIS as a multidimensional measurement tools for chronic pruritus assessment. The objective of this study is to test the validity and reliability of 5DIS in Indonesian language for chronic pruritus symptoms in Indonesia.Method The original 5DIS was translated into Indonesian language using cross cultural adaptation guideline from International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ISPOR . Three sets of questionnaire 5DIS in Indonesian language, Dermatology Life Quality Index DLQI , and Visual Analogue Scale VAS , were administered to chronic pruritus patients in dermatovenereology clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Reliability was tested using Cronbach rsquo s a. Convergent and concurrent validity was tested using Pearson correlation and Spearman rsquo s rho.Result Cross cultural adaptation resulted a 5DIS in Indonesian language. All questionnaires were completed by 34 people between 18 to 83 years old mean 56.7 15.7 years old . Cronbach rsquo s a for five domains of 5DIS was 0,679. There was significant strong correlation between items scores and total scores of 5DIS r 0.636 to 0.760 . There was significant strong correlation between 5DIS in Indonesian language and DLQI, also between 5DIS in Indonesian language and VAS.Conclusion 5DIS in Indonesian language is a valid and reliable instrument to assess chronic pruritus symptoms on adult and geriatric patients in Indonesia.Keywords chronic pruritus, measurement, 5 D itch scale in Indonesian language, validity, reliability "

"Latar Belakang: Hiperhomosisteinemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Psoriasis vulgaris adalah penyakit kulit inflamasi kronis yang berhubungan dengan beberapa penyakit penyerta, misalnya aterosklerosis dan PKV. Defisiensi folat dapat terjadi pada pasien psoriasis, akibat utilisasi yang meningkat di kulit yang mengalami hiperproliferasi dan atau penyerapan oleh usus yang berkurang. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar homosistein dalam darah. Penulis meneliti korelasi antara kadar homosistein serum dan derajat keparahan psoriasis vulgaris, yang diukur dengan metode psoriasis area severity index (PASI) dan luas permukaan tubuh (body surface area, BSA). Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang, pada 36 pasien psoriasis vulgaris. Subyek terdiri dari16 perempuan dan 20 laki-laki. Kadar homosistein serum diukur dengan metode competitive immunoassay dan dikorelasikan dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis. Hasil: pada subyek psoriasis laki-laki, kadar homosistein serum berkorelasi positif dengan derajat keparahan penyakit yang diukur dengan PASI (korelasi Pearson, r = 0.615 , p < 0,05) dan BSA (korelasi Spearman , r = 0,476 , p < 0,05). Tidak ada korelasi antara kadar homosistein serum dengan PASI (korelasi Pearson , p > 0,05 ) dan BSA (korelasi Spearman, p > 0,05) pada subyek psoriasis perempuan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan secara statistik antara kadar homosistein serum dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis yang diukur dengan PASI dan BSA pada subyek psoriasis laki-laki.

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Background: hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with several comorbidities, such as atherosclerosis and CVD. Psoriatic patients often presents low levels of folic acid as a result of an increasing vitamin utilization in the skin and/or reduced gut absorption. This may result in raised levels of homocysteine. The authors investigated the correlation between serum homocysteine levels and the severity of psoriasis vulgaris measured by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA). Method: we performed a cross-sectional study in 36 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The subjects comprised 16 women and 20 men. The serum levels of homocysteine were measured by competitive immunoassay method and were correlated with the severity of psoriasis (PASI and BSA). Result: in male psoriasis subjects, serum homocysteine levels positively correlated with disease severity as measured by PASI (Pearson's correlation; r = 0.615, p < 0.05) and BSA (Spearman's correlation; r = 0.476, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum homocysteine levels with PASI (Pearson's correlation, p > 0.05) and BSA (Spearman's correlation, p > 0.05) in female psoriasis subjects. Conclusion: a significant correlation between serum homocysteine levels with disease severity measured by PASI and BSA in male psoriasis subjects was evidenced."

"Latar belakang. Dermatofitosis adalah infeksi jamur yang disebabkan dermatofita, yang banyak terjadi di negara tropis dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan kulit di masyarakat, terutama di Indonesia. Infeksi yang disebabkan dermatofita memerlukan pengobatan antijamur yang lama, dan dapat terjadi kekambuhan dan kronisitas. Oleh karena itu, uji kepekaan dermatofita terhadap antijamur sangat menunjang untuk penatalaksanaan pasien. Metode standar untuk uji kepekaan dermatofita yang diakui oleh Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) adalah metode mikrodilusi kaldu (M38-A2). Metode berbasis agar seperti metode difusi cakram adalah metode alternatif lain yang menjanjikan, karena lebih sederhana, memiliki reprodusibilitas tinggi, murah, dan lebih cepat dibandingkan metode mikrodilusi kaldu. Tujuan penelitian. Penggunaan metode difusi cakram untuk alternatif uji kepekaan dermatofita terhadap flukonazol. Metode Penelitian. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang. Sampel diperoleh dari pasien dengan diagnosis dermatofitosis di poliklinik Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, selama kurun waktu November 2012- Agustus 2013 Hasil dan Pembahasan. Jumlah sampel dermatofita yang diuji adalah 40 sampel yang diisolasi dari 113 spesimen klinik, yang terdiri dari kerokan kulit, kuku, dan rambut. Dilakukan uji kepekaan terhadap flukonazol menggunakan metode difusi cakram dan metode mikrodilusi kaldu M38-A2 CLSI pada 5 spesies yaitu Trichophyton rubrum (20), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (11), Epidermophyton floccosum (4), Microsporum gypseum (3) dan Microsporum canis (2). Korelasi yang signifikan diperoleh antara diameter zona hambat (DZH) dan kadar hambat minimum (KHM) flukonazol terhadap dermatofita (r = - 705; p< 0,001). Sebaran nilai DZH terhadap KHM flukonazol pada kelima spesies dermatofita sangat bervariasi. Nilai ambang diameter zona hambat resisten Trichophyton rubrum terhadap flukonazol adalah 43 mm, dengan nilai sensitivitas 78% dan spesifisitas 55% pada kurva ROC, dengan nilai area under curve (AUC) 0,712 dan nilai p > 0,05. Kesimpulan. Metode difusi cakram dapat menjadi pemeriksaan alternatif yang mudah untuk uji kepekaan dermatofita terhadap antijamur di laboratorium klinik rutin, walaupun masih perlu diujikan kembali dengan sampel yang lebih banyak.

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Background. Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, which is major public skin problems in tropical countries, particularly in Indonesia. Dermatophyte infections need long-term treatment with antifungal agents, and often become recurrent and chronic. Therefore, antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes against antifungal is helpful to support patient management. The standard method for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes which is approved by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) is broth microdilution (M38-A2). Agar based methods such as diskdiffusion is another promising method, because it is simple, reproducible, and faster than broth microdilution. Objective. To use disk diffus ion methodas a promising antifungal susceptibilitytesting for dermatophytes against fluconazole.

Methods. Design of this study is cross sectional. Samples were collected from patients with clinical diagnosis of dermatophytoses in the clinic of Dermatology and Venereology in Cipto Mangun Kusumo National Hospital Jakarta, during November 2012 to August 2013.

Result and Discussion. Total of 40 dermatophytes samples were isolated from 113 clinical specimens, which were consisted of skin scrapings, nails, and hair. Susceptibility against fluconazole using the disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method CLSI M38-A2 were tested to 5 species, i.e. Trichophyton rubrum (20), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (11), Epidermophyton floccosum (4), Microsporum gypseum (3) and Microsporum canis (2). A significant correlation was found between the inhibition zone diameter (IZDs) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) to fluconazole (r = - 705; p< 0,001). The distribution of inhibition zone diameter versus minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole on five species of dermatophytes was diversed. Threshold value of inhibition zone diameter 43 mm for Trichophyton rubrum resistance againts fluconazole, sensitivity 78% and specificity of 55% were obtained in the ROC curve, and the value of the area under the curve (AUC) 0.712, p>0.05.

Conclusion. Disk diffusion could become a promising method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes against fluconazole in routine clinical laboratory, eventhough it still needs to be tested again with more samples."

"[ABSTRAKAkne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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ABSTRACTAcne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.;Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions., Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann’s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann’s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann’s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan : Hubungan seksual anal reseptive usia muda pada LSL meningkatkan penularan infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), dan infeksi menular seksual lainnya sehingga dapat menimbulkan abnormalitas sitologi anus. Kekerapan hubungan seksual anus pada LSL menyebabkan trauma berulang pada anus juga menimbulkan abnormalitas sitologi anus. Hal ini menyebabkan LSL rentan menderita kanker anus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terdapatnya hubungan antara coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive dan infeksi HIV terhadap abnormalitas gambaran sitologi anus dengan anal pap smear. Metode: Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang pada 99 LSL di Puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Dilakukan wawancara tentang coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive, dan jumlah pasangan. Juga pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan serologis HIV dan pengambilan spesimen anal swab untuk pemeriksaan sitologi anus. Hasil: Proporsi gambaran abnormal sitologi adalah 15,2% dan seluruhnya ASCUS, tidak ditemukan LSIL dan HSIL. Gambaran abnormal sitologi anus berdasarkan kelompok usia coitarche dan kelompok pasangan seksual anal receptive seumur hidup terbanyak adalah usia coitarche >19 tahun dan pasangan seumur hidup < 24 orang. Gambaran abnormal sitologi anus pada kelompok berdasarkan jumlah pasangan dalam 3 bulan terakhir dan kekerapan hubungan seksual perminggu adalah sebanding. Pada 51 SP HIV positif didapatkan 17,6% ASCUS dan pada 48 SP HIV negatif didapatkan 12,5% ASCUS. LSL dengan gambaran klinis kutil peri anus ditemukan 30,3% ASCUS (RP 5,30; 95%IK 1,6417,19) Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara usia coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive, dan infeksi HIV dengan abnormalitas sitologi anus.

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ABSTRACTBackground and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. ;Background and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. , Background and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. ]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Skabies merupakan salah satu penyakit kulit yang paling sering ditemui di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Ukuran tungau Sarcoptes scabiei sangat kecil sehingga tidak dapat dilihat dengan kasat mata. Diagnosis definitif skabies adalah dengan identifikasi mikroskopis tungau, telur, atau feses tungau. Dermoskopi merupakan alat yang sangat bermanfaat dalam menegakkan diagnosis skabies, namun masih dibutuhan kajian mengenai akurasi dermoskopi di Indonesia terkait kelebihan dan kekurangan untuk penegakan diagnosis skabiesTujuan: Mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan dermoskopi pada penegakan diagnosis skabiesMetode: Subjek penelitian adalah santri di Pondok Pesantren di Citeurerup, Bogor. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, tahap pertama dilakukan uji inter-rater untuk memastikan peneliti kompeten dalam melakukan pemeriksaan dermoskopi. Tahap kedua menggunakan desain penelitian uji diagnostik potong lintang. Tahap kedua dilakukan satu minggu setelah tahap pertama dengan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif.Hasil: Pada uji inter-rater antara peneliti dan Spesialis Kulit dan Kelamin SpKK pada 32 subjek penelitian SP didapatkan nilai kappa 0,5. Pada penelitian tahap ke-dua didaptkan hasil spesifisitas dermoskopi sangat baik 90,48 sedangkan sensitivitasnya rendah 44,29 . Nilai duga positif dermoskopi sangat baik 93,94 namun nilai duga negatifnya rendah 32,76 . Rasio kemungkinan positif dermoskopi adalah 4,65 IK 95 1,612-13,42 dan rasio kemungkinan negatif adalah 0,6158 IK 95 0,5793-0,6546 Simpulan: Dermoskopi dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu pilihan alat yang baik dalam menegakkan diagnosis. Bila pada dermoskopi ditemukan gambaran a jet with contrail, diagnosis dapat langsung ditegakkan, namun bila tidak, perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan konfirmasi lainnya.

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ABSTRACTScabies occurs worldwide and can affect everyone. Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in developing countries such as Indonesia. The size of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite is too small to be seen by the naked eye. The definitive diagnosis of scabies is by microscopic identification of mites, eggs, or scybala. Dermoscopy is a very useful tool in diagnosing scabies. Although there are few advantages and disadvantages to be considered in using dermoscopy to diagnose scabiesObjective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopic examination in diagnosis of scabiesMethods The study design is using. Research subjects are students of Pondok Pesantren Al Hidayah. The research is divided into two stages, the initial stage is done inter rater test to ensure the researcher is competent in conducting dermoscopy examination. The second stage is a cross sectional diagnostic test with a consecutive sampling.The second stage is done one week after the first stage.Results The inter rater test between the researcher and dermatovenereologist with 32 subjects result in Kappa 0,5. Second stage with 95 subjects shows the specificity of dermoscopy is very good 90.48 while the sensitivity is low 44.29 . The dermoscopic positive predictive value was very good 93.94 but the negative predictive value is low 32.76 . Positive likelihood ratio of dermoscopy is 4,65 CI 95 1,612 13,42 and negative likelihood ratio of dermoscopy is 0,6158 CI 95 0,5793 0,6546 Conclusion Dermoscopy can be used as a good tool for diagnosis of scabies. If the dermoscopy shows a jet with contrail appearance, patient can be treated directly, but if its not found, examination should be followed by other diagnostic methods."

"Latar belakang: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) telah mengalami resistensi terhadap berbagai antibiotik. Setidaknya sepuluh negara telah melaporkan kegagalan pengobatan gonore dengan extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Pengawasan berkelanjutan penting untuk menentukan pedoman pengobatan lokal.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi NG yang resisten terhadap penisilin, tetrasiklin, levofloksasin, sefiksim, dan seftriakson pada kelompok risiko tinggi di Jakarta serta mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor yang berhubungan.Metode: Sebuah penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Jakarta pada September hingga November 2018. Terdapat 98 laki-laki dan perempuan berisiko tinggi yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Sediaan duh tubuh diambil dari uretra atau serviks, disimpan di media transport, kemudian diantarkan ke Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik FKUI untuk biakan dan identifikasi. Uji resistensi dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram sesuai rekomendasi Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).Hasil: Dari seluruh spesimen yang dibiakkan, 35 di antaranya menunjukkan pertumbuhan isolat NG. Prevalensi NG yang resisten terhadap penisilin, tetrasiklin, levofloksasin, sefiksim, dan seftriakson pada kelompok risiko tinggi di Jakarta adalah 97,1%; 97,1%; 34,3%; 0%; 0%. Usia, orientasi seksual, riwayat konsumsi antibiotik, berhubungan seksual secara komersial, dan berhubungan dengan pasangan seksual dari luar kota tidak berhubungan dengan NG yang resisten terhadap levofloksasin.Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan isolat NG yang resisten terhadap sefiksim dan seftriakson. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sefiksim dan seftriakson efektif mengobati gonore di Jakarta. Tidak ada faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) has developed resistance to various antimicrobials. At least ten countries have reported treatment failures with extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Continuous surveillance is important to determine local treatment guideline.

Objectives: To determine the resistance rates of NG to penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone among the high-risk population in Jakarta, and identify the associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia from September to November 2018. A total of 98 high-risk men and women fulfilled the studies’ criteria. The specimens were collected from urethral or endocervical swabs, put into Amies transport media, and then transported to the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology Universitas Indonesia for culture and identification. Proven gonococcal isolates were examined for susceptibility to various antibiotics using the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommendation.

Results: Among 98 specimens, 35 were confirmed to be NG. The NG resistance rates to penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone among high-risk population were 97,1%; 97,1%; 34,3%; 0%; 0%. Age, sexual orientation, history of antibiotic consumption, commercial sexual activities, and sexual activities with partners from other regions were not associated with the resistance to levofloxacin.

Conclusion: No resistance to cefixime and ceftriaxone was reported. This finding indicates that they are still effective to treat gonorrhea in Jakarta. There were no associated factors identified in this study."

"Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) dapat menimbulkan komplikasi kulit kering yang berkorelasi dengan pembentukan ulkus pada pasien DM. Pemakaian pelembap sebagai bagian dari perawatan kaki dapat mencegah pembentukan ulkus. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas dan keamanan pelembap yang mengandung krim urea 10% dan vaselin album untuk mengatasi kulit kering pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan pada 68 pasien DM tipe 2 dengan kulit kering pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2018. Setiap subjek penelitian mendapat terapi krim urea 10% atau vaselin album untuk masing-masing tungkai. Perbaikan kulit kering dilihat dari skor klinis specified symptom sum score (SRRC), hidrasi kulit (korneometer) dan fungsi sawar kulit (tewameter) pada minggu kedua dan keempat. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna antara kelompok krim urea 10% dan vaselin album. Kedua pelembap ini tidak menimbulkan efek samping. Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis pelembap ini sama efektif dan dapat dipertimbangkan untuk terapi kulit kering pada pasien DM tipe 2.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) could cause xerotic skin which correlates with ulcer formation in DM patients. Daily use of moisturizer as part of foot care were expected to prevent it. Objective: To asses the effectiveness and safety of moisturizers containing 10% urea cream and white petrolatum in overcoming dry skin in type 2 DM patients. Methods: A double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 68 diabetes patients with xerotic skin in July-October 2018. Each study subject received 10% urea cream or white petrolatum for each leg. Repair of xerotic skin assessed from the specified symptom sum score (SRRC), skin hydration (corneometer) and skin barrier function (tewameter) in the second and fourth weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two groups. Both moisturizers were well tolerated."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit unit pilosebasea kronis tersering yang dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis berat dan mengganggu kualitas hidup penderitanya. Penggunaan terapi ajuvan yaitu ekstraksi lesi akne yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi standar dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis dan kualitas hidup penderita akne. Pengukuran kualitas hidup penting dilakukan untuk menilai keberhasilan terapi. Saat ini telah tersedia kuesioner kualitas hidup spesifik akne berbahasa Indonesia (Acne-QoL- INA) yang tervalidasi, namun belum pernah ada data mengenai perbandingan kualitas hidup antara terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar.Metode: Studi uji klinis acak terkontrol tersamar tunggal ini dilakukan pada subjek akne vulgaris dewasa derajat sedang berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok terapi kombinasi standar dan ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi kombinasi) serta terapi standar tanpa ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi standar). Skor kualitas hidup berdasarkan kuesioner Acne-QoL-INA dinilai pada baseline, minggu ke-4, dan minggu ke-8 setelah terapi. Selain itu, penilaian jumlah lesi dan derajat keparahan akne diukur pada setiap kunjungan oleh seorang evaluator secara tersamar melalui foto klinis.Hasil: Sebanyak 40 subjek dengan median usia 24 tahun (18–48), 17,5% laki-laki dan 82,5% perempuan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Skor Acne-QoL-INA baseline untuk kelompok kombinasi dan kelompok terapi standar masing-masing adalah 41 (37,5– 57) dan 45,5 (37–63), meningkat menjadi 79 (67,5–94,5) dan 72,5 (59,25–98,5) pada minggu ke-8 namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik antar kedua kelompok (p=0,602). Jumlah lesi baseline pada kedua kelompok masing-masing 35 dan 32, menurun menjadi 18 dan 13 pada minggu ke-8 (p<0,0001) dan perbaikan derajat keparahan menjadi akne ringan pada 100% subjek di minggu ke-8.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan dalam skor Acne-QoL-INA dan perbaikan klinis antara kelompok terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar pada pasien AV sedang. Namun, terapi kombinasi cenderung meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan pengurangan lesi lebih baik daripada terapi standar.

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Background: Acne Vulagis (AV) is the most commom chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit that can have a significant psychological impact and reduce the quality of life. The use of adjuvant therapy such as acne lesion extraction, in combination with standard therapy could better improve clinical outcomes and quality of life. Assessing quality of life is crucial to evaluate the success of therapy. Currently, there has been a validated acne-specific quality of life questionnaire in Indonesian (Acne-QoL-INA), but there is no existing data on the comparison of quality of life between combination therapy and standard therapy.

Method: This single-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on adult subjects with moderate acne vulgaris based on Lehmann criteria, who were divided into combinations of standard therapy with acne lesion extraction (combination therapy) group, and standard therapy without acne lesion extraction (standard therapy) group. Quality of life score based on the Acne-QoL-INA questionnaire was assessed at the baseline, 4th, and 8th week after therapy. Additionally, the assessment of lesion number and acne grading is also measured at each visit by a blinded evaluator through clinical photos.

Results: A total of 40 subjects with a median age of 24 years old (18–48), comprising 17.5% males and 82.5% females, participated in this study. The baseline Acne-QoL-INA scores for the combination therapy and the standard therapy group were 41 (37.5–57) and 45.5 (37–63), respectively. These scores increased to 79 (67.5–94.5) and 72.5 (59.25– 98.5) at week 8 but did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (p=0.602). The baseline lesion count in both groups was 35 and 32, respectively, and decreased to 18 and 13 at week 8 (p<0.0001), with an improvement in the severity to mild acne in 100% of subjects by week 8.

Conclusion: There was no difference in Acne-QoL-INA scores and clinical improvement between the combination therapy and standard therapy groups in moderate AV patients. However, combination therapy tended to improve the quality of life and lesion reduction better than standard therapy."