Fortna, Benjamin C.
Learning to read in the late Ottoman Empire and the early Turkish republic
Palgrave Macmillan, 2011
 Buku Teks
Hanioglu, M. Sükrü
A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire
Princeton univ. press, 2010
 Buku Teks
Todorova, Elissaveta
The Bulgarians in the ottoman empire
Sofia press, 1987
 Buku Teks
Somel, Selcuk Aksin
Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire
Scarecrow Press, 2012
 Buku Teks
Faroqhi, Suraiya, 1941-
The Ottoman Empire and the world around it
I.B. Tauris, 2016
 Buku Teks SO