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"ABSTRAKAngka kejadian penderita kanker baik nasional maupun dunia cukup tinggi. Di Indonesia karsinoma nasofaring merupakan jenis tumor ganas terbanyak yang menempati urutan keempat dad seluruh tumor ganas setelah karsinoma serviks, payudara, dan kuiit. Keganasan tersebut sexing terlambat didiagnosis dan mempunyai prognosis yang jelek, meskipun keganasan ini sensitif terhadap penyinaran dan kemoterapi. Namun terapi untuk kanker khususnya kemoterapi mempunyai efek samping yang tidak sedikit terutama obat cisplatin sering menyebabkan nefrotoksis. Pada pasien kanker biasanya sebelum kemoterapi secara nrtin dilakukan pemeriksaan penilaian fungsi ginjal. Penilaian fungsi ginjal dengan bersihan kreatinin (Creatinine Clearance Test= CCT) sering menjadi kendala dalam hal penampungan urin 24 jam. Untuk mengatasinya sering dipakai CCT cara hitung menurut rumus Cockroft dan Gault tetapi dipengaruhi puia banyak faktor yaitu usia, berat badan dan jenis kelamin, Walaupun dikenal uji Baku emas GFR berupa uji bersihan inulin, uji kontras radiologik iohexol atau Cr-ECTA, namun cara-cara tersebut kurang praktis untuk diterapkan secara rutin.Saat ini telah dioerkenalkan parameter uji baru laboratorium untuk LFG yaitu penetapan kadar Cystatin C dalam darah. Cara baru ini mempunyai beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan dengan CCT karena Cystatin C diproduksi oleh sel badan secara tetap, dltras'. babas melalui glomeruli dan tidak disekresi oleh tubulus ginjal. Cystatin C direabsorbsi oleh tubulus proksimal tetapi Iangsung dimetabolisis dalam sel tubulus proksimal tersebut sehingga tidak masuk ke dalam darah. Pengukurarr Cystatin C cukup dengan kadar dalam darah, tanpa penampungan urin 24 jam.Pemeriksaan fungsi ginjal dengan kadar Cystatin C saja tanpa dikonversikan menjadi LFG sulit untuk menentukan penurunan derajat ringan, sedang dan berat. Oleh karena itu pemeriksaan Cystatin C dikonversikan dengan menggunakan rumus Amal dan Hoek, tetapi dengan kedua rumus tersebut belum dapat terlihat penurunan fungsi ginjal yang dini karena jumlah sampel kurang memenuhi syarat.

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ABSTRACTThe incidence of cancer patients nationally and globally is quite high. In Indonesia, nasopharynx carcinoma is in fourth place among commonly found malignant carcinomas,after carcinomas of the cervix, breast and skin. This malignancy is generally diagnosed late and the prognosis is not good, inspite of its sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has substantial side effects, especially cisplatin which often causes nephrotoxicity. Before starting therapy for cancer patients, evaluation of renal function are routinely carried out. Evaluation of renal function using Creatinine Clearance Test (CCT) often' encounter problems in 24 hour urine collection. To overcome this, CCT count with Cockroft and Gault formula is usually used, however, this test is also influenced by many factors such as age, body weight and sex. Even though there are GFR gold standard tests for GFR such as inulin clearance test, iohexol radiological contrast test or Cr-EDTA, these tests are not practical to be carried out routinely.At present, a new laboratory test parameter for GFR is introduced by establishing Cystatin C levels in the blood. This new procedure has a number of benefits compared to CCT because Cystatin C is produced by body cells continually, freely filtrated through the glomeruli and not secreted by the proximal tubule but is directly metabolized inside the proximal tubule, thus does not enter the blood. Cystatin C level can be measured in the blood without having to conduct a 24 hour urine collection.By carrying out renal function test using solely Cystatin C without conversion to GFR, it is difficult to identify whether the decrease was of mild, medium or severe degree. As the consequence, Cystatin C conversion is done using the Amal and Hoek formulas, however, by using these two formulas early decrease in renal function still could not be detected due to inadequate amount of samples."

"Penderita thalassemia β mayor berisiko mengalarni hemokromatosis yang dapat merusak dan menurunkan fungsi ginjal. Pemeriksaan kadar kreatinin serum secara rutin telah digunakan untuk menilai fungsi ginjal namun cara ini banyak kekurangannya, sedangkan parameter baru cystatin C serum diketahui febih baik dibandingkan kreatinin namun belum pernah diteliti pada penderita thalassemia β mayor dengan hemokromatosis. Dengan mengetahui Iebih dini adanya penurunan fungsi ginjal maka diharapkan dapat menghambat progresititas penurunan fungsi ginjal pada penderita thalassemia β mayor dengan hemokromatosis.Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai fungsi ginjal penderita thalassemia β mayor dengan hemokromatosis. Janis penelitian, potong lintang diiaporkan dalam bentuk deskriptif analitik. Pengambilan darah dan data subyek dilaksanakan di pusat Tfralassemia ilmu Kesehatan Anak dan pengukuran laboratorium dilaksanakan di Departemen Patologi Klinik FKU/RSCM. Semua pasien yang memenuhi kriteria masukan diambil yaitu usia 10-21 tahun, saturasi transferin > 55%, pengobatan desferal < 3 kali per minggu, tidak mendapat obat yang mengganggu sekresi kreatinin.Hasil penelitian didapatkan, kadar kreatinin serum berkisar 0,2-0,7 mg/dL kadar cystatin C serum berkisar 0,69-1,31 mg/L, laju filtrasi glomerulus berdasarkan kadar cystatin C serum dengan menggunakan rumus Hoek (LFG-C) berkisar 57-112,1mL/menit/1,73m2, laju filtrasi glomerulus berdasarkan kadar kreatinin serum menggunakan rumus Counahan-Barrat (LFG-K) berkisar 95,2-288,1 mL/menit/1,73 m2 dan tidak dijumpai perbedaan hasil antara lelaki dan wanita pada parameter tersebut diatas. Dare 62 penderita thalassemia β mayor dengan hemokromatosis didapatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yaitu laju filtrasi glomerulus < 90 mL/menit/1,73m2 sebesar 75,8% jika ditetapkan dengan LFG-C yang mulai terlihat setelah 96 bulan mendapat transfusi berulang. Namun jika ditetapkan dengan LFG-K semuanya belum menunjukkan adanya penurunan fungsi ginjal. Dijumpai korelasi antara lamanya mendapat transfusi darah dan LFG-C dengan r = - 0,475; sedangkan antara total volum darah transfusi dengan LFG-C dengan r = - 0,467; antara kadar kreatinin dan cystatin C serum dengan r = 0,504. Dijumpai korelasi lemah antara LFG-K dan LFG-C dengan r = 0,37. Tidak djumpai adanya korelasi antara kadar cystatin C serum dengan saturasi transferin. Didapatkan persamaan garis linier regresi pengaruh lamanya mendapat transfusi darah (Y} terhadap rerata LFG-C (X) yaitu Y = 569,1 - 5,06X, sedangkan pengaruh total volum darah transfusi (Y) terhadap LFG-C (X) yaitu Y 107380,7 - 617,414X. Pada penderita thalassemia p mayor dengan hemokromatosis kadar kreatinin serum cenderung rendah oleh karena itu pemantauan fungsi ginjal tidak dianjurkan menggunakan LFG-K, sebaiknya menggunakan LFG-C.

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Patients with j3-thalassemia major are at risk of developing hemochromatosis that will deteriorate and decrease renal function. Routine serum creatinine measurement has utilized to assess renal function, but this method has a lot disadvatages, while cystatin C a new parameter is known to be better than serum creatinine but had never been studied in p-thalassemia major patiens with hemochromatosis. Early detection of decreased renal function cans hopefully, slower the progressivity of renal function decrease in 13-thalassemia major patiens with hemochromatosis.

The aim of this study was to access renal function in p-thalassemia major patiens with hemochromatosis. This study was designed as cross-sectional study, and the report was analytic descriptive. Blood and subject data collection was performed in the Thalassemic Center, Departement of Child's Health, FMU1 and laboratory test were performed in the Departement of Clinical Pathology, FMUI, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. All eligible patiens, i.e aged 10-21 years, with transferrin saturation of > 55%, on desferal with frequency of less than 3 timelweek, not on any medication that affect creatinine secretion, were included in this study.

Result of this study showed that serum creatinine level ranged between 0.2-0.7 mg/dL, serum cystatin C level ranged between 0.69-1.31 mg/dL, glomerular filtration rate based on serum cystatin C level calculated with Hoek formula (GFR-C) ranged from 57- 112.1 mUminll.73 m2, glomerular filtration rate base on serum creatinine level calculated with Counahan-Barrat formula (GFR-K) ranged from 95.2-288.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 and there were no significant difference between male and female for all the parameters above. Of 62 subjects, we found decreased renal function, Le. GFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 75,8% if GFR-C was used, and decrease was evident approximately 96 months after first administration of repeated transfusion regiment. But, if GFR-K was used, none of the patiens showed decrease renal function. There were negative correlation between the time interval from first transfusion and GFR-C (r = - 0.475) and between total volume of transfused blood (r = -0.467). Positive correlation was observed between serum creatinine and cystatine C level (r = 0.504). Weak correlation was found between serum cystatin C level and transferrin saturation. The equation of linear regression between the length of transfusion (Y) and mean GFR-C (X) was Y = 569.1 - 5.06X, while linear regression line between total volume of transfused blood (Y) and GFR-C (X) was Y = 107380,7 - 617.414X. In p-thalassemia major patiens with hemochromatosis, serum creatinine level tended to be low, thus GFR-K is not recommended for determination of renal function, and instead, GFR-C is a better measure of renal function in those patiens."

"Latar Belakang. Pemberian kemoterapi oxaliplatin sebagai salah satu modalitas terapi kanker kolorektal telah terbukti memperbaiki angka kesembuhan, ketahanan hidup maupun masa bebas penyakit dan kualitas hidup penderita. Namun, juga memberikan berbagai efek samping toksisitas hematologi anemia, leukopenia, dan trombositopenia yang paling sering ditemukan. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan hysterikal kohort. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Bedah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia Divisi Bedah Digestif RSCM, periode Januari 2016 - Desember 2016. Populasi sasaran adalah 65 pasien kanker kolorektal yang mendapat kemoterapi oxaliplatin adjuvan. Hasil. Usia pasien kanker kolorekta berkisar antara 18 tahun sampai dengan 73 tahun rata-rata 50,8 tahun, perbandingan pria 32 49,2 dan wanita33 50,8. dari 65 pasien kanker kolorektal distribusi lokasi tumor terbanyak pada rektum 39 60, sigmoid 11 16,9, kolon desenden 7 10,8, kolon tranversum 5 7,7, kolon asenden 2 3,1, dan pada caecum 1 1,5. Stadium terbanyak adalah stadium II dan tindakan pembedahan berupa Low Anterior Resction atau Anterior Perineal Resection. Terdapat penurunan rerata kadar hemoglobin yang bermakna dengan p

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Background. The administration of oxaliplatin chemotherapy as one of the therapeutic modalities of colorectal cancer has been shown to improve the rate of cure, survival and disease free and quality of life of patients. However, it also provides the most common side effects of hematologic toxicity anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.

Methods. This research is an observational using hysterical cohort design. It was conducted in Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia Division of Digestive Surgery RSCM, periode January 2016 December 2016. The target population is 65 patients of colorectal cancer receiving adjuvant oxaliplatin chemotherapy.

Results The age of colorectal cancer patients ranged from 18 to 73 years mean 50.8 years, male 32 49.2 and female 33 50.8. 65 patients of colorectal cancer distributed the most tumor sites in the rectum 39 60, sigmoid 11 16.9, descending colon 7 10.8, tranversum colon 5 7.7, ascending colon 2 3.1, and at caecum 1 1.5. Most stages are stage II and the operate type of Low Anterior Resction or Anterior Perineal Resection. There was a significant decrease in mean hemoglobin level with p "

"Latar Belakang. Sebagian besar pasien kanker akan mengalami neuropati. Gejalaneuropatik yang muncul akibat kemoterapi dapat menghambat proses terapi.Cisplatin merupakan kemoterapi yang paling banyak digunakan dalam terapikanker nasofaring (KNF) dan banyak menyebabkan neuropati perifer. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran neuropati pada pasien KNF yangmendapat kemoterapi di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo serta faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhinya.Metode. Subyek penelitian ini adalah pasien KNF yang dikemoterapi dengancisplatin kurang dari 6 bulan sebelum pemeriksaan, baik tunggal, sebagaikemoadjuvant maupun kombinasi dengan kemoterapi lain yang tidakmenyebabkan neuropati perifer. Pasien Diabetes Mellitus serta gangguanneurologis sebelumnya disingkirkan dari penelitian. Dilakukan anamnesis,pemeriksaan fisik neurologis, dan elektroneurografi (ENG). Penelitian dilakukandengan menggunakan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan padabulan Februari hingga Mei 2013.Hasil. Sebanyak 100 subyek penelitian yang terdiri dari 81 subjek laki-laki dan 19subyek perempuan diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Usia dari subjek penelitianberkisar antara 30-60 tahun. Didapatkan 76% subjek mengalami neuropati, 51subjek diantaranya mengalami neuropati ENG, 25 subjek mengalami neuropatisecara klinis dan ENG. Didapatkan neuropati sensorik 82.89%, neuropati motorik80,26%, dan 51,32% mengalami neuropati otonom. Berdsarkan tipenya 89,47%mengalami degenerasi aksonal dan tidak satupun mengalami yang mengalamidemielinisasi murni. Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usiadan dosis dengan kejadia neuropati secara klinis (masing-masing p < 0,05).Kesimpulan. Telah didapatkan yang mendapat kemoterapi cisplatin di RSUPNCipto Mangunkusumo termasuk tinggi yaitu sebesar 76%, dan hanya 25% yangmengalami gejala neuropati secara klinis. Lebih dari setengah (51%) pasienmengalami neuropati subklinis prevalensi neuropati perifer. Neuropati sensorikmerupakan neropati paling banyak terjadi. Hampir semua pasien yang mendapatkemoterapi cisplatin mengalami neuropati aksonal. Usia lebih tua dan dosis totalyang lebih besar merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi neuropati padapasien KNF yang mendapat kemoterapi cisplatin

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Background. The majority of cancer patients will experience neuropathy.

Neuropathic symptoms arising from chemotherapy can inhibit the therapeutic

process. Cisplatin is the most widely used chemotherapy in the treatment of

nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and the many causes of peripheral neuropathy. This

study aims to describe the neuropathy in NPC patients who received

chemotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo and the factors that influence it.

Method. The study subjects were NPC patients whose chemotherapy with

cisplatin less than 6 months before the examination, whether single, as

kemoadjuvant or in combination with other chemotherapy that does not cause

peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Mellitus and patients with neurological disorders

previously excluded from the study. Anamnesis, neurological physical

examination, and elektroneurografi (ENG) were done. The study was conducted

using a cross-sectional design. The data was collected between February and May

2013.

Results. A total of 100 study subjects consisted of 81 male subjects and 19 female

subjects were included in this study. Age of study subjects ranged from 30-60

years. There were 76% of the subjects had neuropathy, 51 subjects had

neuropathy based on ENG only, 25 subjects based on clinical and ENG. There

were 82.89% had sensory neuropathy, 80.26% had motor neuropathy, and 51.32%

had autonomic neuropathy. Most (89.47%) had axonal degeneration and none had

the experience of pure demyelination. There is a statistically significant

relationship between age and dose with the incidence of clinical neuropathy (each

p <0,05).

Conclusion. The prevalence of neuropathy in cisplatin chemotherapy in NPC

patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo was as high as 76%, and only 25% who

experienced clinical symptoms. More than half (51%) patients had subclinical

neuropathy of peripheral neuropathy. Older age and greater total doses are all

factors that influence the KNF neuropathy in patients receiving cisplatin

chemotherapy."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: Mengevaluasi efek injeksi anti-VEGF intravitreal, bevacizumab, terhadap kadar cystatin C plasma dan VEGF plasma dan meninjau korelasi antara kedua faktor tersebut.Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental satu kelompok dengan sampel dipilih secara konsekutif dari populasi terjangkau. Pemeriksaan oftalmologi lengkap, tekanan darah, laboratorium darah perifer lengkap, dan pemeriksaan kadar cystatin C plasma dan VEGF plasma dilakukan pada subjek sebelum injeksi dan 14 hari pasca injeksi bevacizumab intravitreal dosis 1,25 mg (0,05 cc).Hasil: 33 subjek dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Dari seluruh subjek, 63,6% adalah perempuan dan 36,4% adalah laki-laki dengan usia rata-rata 66,4 ± 8,3 tahun. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara kadar VEGF plasma pre dan pasca injeksi (p=0,339). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara kadar cystatin C plasma pre dan pasca injeksi (p=0,709). Uji korelasi antara perubahan VEGF plasma dengan perubahan cystatin C plasma pre dan pasca injeksi menunjukkan korelasi yang tidak bermakna (p=0,142).Kesimpulan: Kadar cystatin C plasma tidak berubah secara signifikan pre dan pasca injeksi bevacizumab pada injeksi satu kali. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara penurunan kadar VEGF plasma dengan peningkatan kadar cystatin C pada pasien AMD neovaskuler pasca injeksi bevacizumab.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on plasma cystatin C and plasma VEGF levels and the correlation between the two factors.Methodology: This research was a single arm study with samples selected consecutively from an assigned population. Ophthalmology examinations, blood pressure, complete blood count, and assessments of plasma cystatin C and plasma VEGF levels were carried out on subjects before and 14 days after intravitreal bevacizumab injection of 1.25 mg (0.05 cc).Results: 33 subjects were included in this study. Of all subjects, 63.6% were women and 36.4% were men with an average age of 66.4±8.3 years. There was no statistically significant difference between pre and post injection plasma VEGF and plasma cystatin C levels (p=0.339 and 0.709 respectively). Correlation test between changes in plasma VEGF with changes in plasma cystatin C pre and post injection showed no significant correlations (p=0.142).Conclusion: Plasma cystatin C levels did not change significantly before and after injection of bevacizumab on one-time injection. No correlation was found between decreasing plasma VEGF levels and increasing levels of cystatin C in patients with neovascular AMD after bevacizumab injection."

"Tujuan : (1) mengetahui perubahan kadar gala darah dalam 5 hari pasca serangan stroke; (2) rengetahui faktor risiko, status gizi, asupan energi dan karbohidrat serta pemberian insulin selama dirawat; (3) mengetahui hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan faktor risiko, indeks massa tubuh, asupan energi dan karbohidrat serta pemberian insulin pada pasien hiperglikemia.Tempat : Ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metodologi : Sebanyak 103 pasien diambil dengan diagnosa stroke iskemik dan hemoragik yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan. Dilakukan pengukuran antropometri yaitu berat badan dan tinggi badan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilakukan yaitu kadar gula darah sewaktu hari 1 dan kadar gula darah puasa hari 2 - 5. HbA1. diperiksa pada pasien hiperglikemia. Data asupan energi dan karbohidrat melalui oral, enteral dan parenteral selama 24 jam pads hari I diambil secara recall dan hari 2 -- 5 secara record, hasil dianalisis dengan program food processor II. Perubahan kadar gula darah di uji dengan uji Friedman I uji Wilcoxon. Hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan faktor risiko diuji dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan indeks massa tubuh diuji dengan uji Kruskal Wallis. Korelasi antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat di uji dengan korelasi Spearman rank.Hasil : Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh 51,5% stroke iskernik dan 49,5% stroke hemoragik. Faktor risiko yang di dapat adalah hipertensi, DM, kelainan jantung dan dislipidernia. Faktor risiko dibagi menjadi DM dan non DM. Median asupan energi dan karbohidrat masih dibawah kebutuhan. Pada stroke non DM kadar gula darah puasa tertinggi hari 2, terjadi penurunan bermakna hari 3, dan stabil hari 4 dan 5 sedangkan pads DM tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar gula darah antara kelompok stroke iskemik dan hemoragik pads stroke non DM dan tidak bermakna pads DM. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar gula darah puasa antara penderita stroke dengan DM dan non DM. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar gula darah puasa dengan indeks massa tubuh.,Terdapat korelasi lemah sampai sedang negatif antara kadar gula darah dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat pada penderita non DM dan korelasi lemah sampai sedang positif pada DM. Pemberian insulin sesuai dengan pedoman dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada beberapa pasien stroke dengan DM.Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perubahan kadar gula darah pads pasien stroke. Kadar gula darah puasa tertinggi hari 2 menurun bermakna hari 3 dan stabil hari 4 dan 5. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar gula darah dengan indeks massa tubuh. Terdapat korelasi lemah sampai sedang negatif antara kadar gula darah dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat pada pasien stroke non DM.

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The Changes Of Fasting Glucose And Associated Factors In Stroke Patiens In Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital 2002Objective : (1) to investigate the changes of blood glucose within 5 days after stroke, (2) to observe the risk factors, body mass index, energy and carbohydrate intake (3) to analyze the correlation between blood glucose with the risk factors, body mass index, energy and carbohydrate intakes and insulin to hyperglycemia patients.

Location: Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.

Subject and methods : One hundred and three patients with acute stroke were recruited as the subjects of the study. Antropometric assessments i.e. body weight and height were assessed in the 1 0 day of admission. Laboratory assessment i.e. blood glucose at the time in the 1 °' day and fasting blood glucose in the 2nd - 5th days, HbAic to patients with hyperglycemia. Energy and carbohydrate intakes from parenteral, enteral and oral route were calculated in the 10 day by recall and 2"d - 5th day by record and analyzed by food processor II program. The changes of fasting blood glucose was tested using Friedman I Wilcoxon test The correlation between changes of blood glucose with risk factors was tested using Mann Whitney U test The correlation between changes of blood glucose with body mass index was tested using Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation between change of blood glucose with energy and carbohydrate intake was tested using Spearman rank correlation.

Results : The type of stroke determined by clinical diagnosis and CT scan were ischemic stroke 51,5% and hemorrhagic stroke 48,5%. Risk factors found were : hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, dislipidemia and unknown risk factors. The risk factors were grouped into 2 categories : DM and non. DM. The median intake of energy and carbohydrate were below the requirement. Fasting blood glucose higher in the 2nd day, significant decrease in the 3`d day, and constant in the 4t- 5th day in non DM patient whereas in DM not significant There were significant difference in changes of fasting blood glucose between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in non DM patient whereas DM no significant There were no significant difference between changes of fasting blood glucose with body mass index. There was weak to moderate negative correlation between of fasting blood glucose and energy and carbohydrate intake using Spearman rank correlation in non DM patient. Insulin to decrease blood glucose for several DM stroke patients.

Conclusions : the current study indicates that there was changes of blood glucose in the stroke patients. There were higher in the 2"' day significant decrease in the 3`d day and constant in the 4d' - 5d' day. There was no significant difference in the changes of blood glucose fasting with body mass index. There was weak to moderate negative correlation between fasting blood glucose and energy and carbohydrate intake in non DM stroke patients."

"[Latar belakang : Hasil pada penelitian hewan coba yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, salah satunya menyatakan pajanan formaldehida dapat menimbulkan nefrotoksisitas. Cystatin c merupakan penanda endogen laju filtrasi glomerulus yang mendekati ideal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan formaldehida dan faktor risiko lain dengan kadar cystatin c serum pada pekerja industri kain ban yang bekerja dengan formaldehida (dipping) dan tidak bekerja dengan formaldehida (weaving).Metode penelitian : Desain studi adalah potong lintang komparatif. Melibatkan 144 pekerja secara total, masing-masing 72 orang laki-laki dari bagian dipping dan weaving. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, kuisioner, pemeriksaan fisik dan data sekunder pekerja dari data hasil MCU 2012. Cystatin c serum diukur dengan menggunakan metode PENIA.Hasil : Total sampel dalam penelitian ini yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 119 orang. Hasil pengukuran cystatin c serum menunjukkan rata-rata masih dalam batas normal. Variabel unit kerja dengan formaldehida, perokok sedang, obese dan masa kerja >15-29 tahun memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kadar cystatin c serum. Dari hasil regresi linear bahwa kekuatan asosiasi paling dominan dengan kadar cystatin c serum adalah unit kerja dengan formaldehida (β=0,293, p=0,001).Kesimpulan : Rata-rata kadar cystatin c serum pada bagian dipping lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian weaving, meskipun masih dalam batas normal. Didapatkan hasil kadar cystatin c serum diatas normal dengan kadar 0,986 mg/L pada 1 responden dari bagian dipping yang telah bekerja pada unit dengan formaldehida selama 27 tahun, namun pekerja tersebut juga memiliki faktor risiko lainnya yaitu obese grade 1 dan perokok ringan. Unit kerja dengan formaldehida memiliki hubungan paling dominan dengan kadar cystatin c serum., Background : Review of literature from previous animal studies, showed that exposure to formaldehyde can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Cystatin c is a nearly ideal endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate. This study aims to determine that relationship between formaldehyde exposure and other risk factors with levels of serum cystatin c in the fabric tire industry among workers who worked with formaldehyde (dipping department) and those who worked without formaldehyde (weaving department).Methods : A comparative cross-sectional design was used. A total of 144 workers were included, 72 men from each department. Data collection conducted was by interview using a standardized questionnaire, physical examination and collecting secondary data from 2012 MCU data. Cystatin c was measured by PENIA method.Results : Workers who met inclusion criteria were 119 people. Formaldehyde exposure, moderate smokers, obese and lenght of work >15-29 years had a meaningful relationship with levels of serum cystatin c. Result of linear regression showed that the dominant associated factor with levels of serum cystatin c is the workplace that used formaldehyde (β=0,293, p=0,001).Conclusion : Mean levels of serum cystatin c among workers of the dipping department was higher than weaving department, although still within normal limits. Only one respondent showed at a level of serum cystatin c above normal with 0,986 mg/L from the dipping department who has been working 27 years, he also had other factors like obese grade 1 and is a light smoker. Working with formaldehyde showed the most dominant relationship with levels of serumcystatin c.]"