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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini berisi tentang analisis tingkat risiko Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) dengan metode perhitungan Framingham pada pegawai di BATAN – Serpong, Tahun 2011 - 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran faktor dan tingkat risiko penyakit jantung koroner berdasarkan metode perhitungan Framingham. Merupakan penelitian non – desain khusus, berupa penelitian deskriptif. Hasil analisis tingkat risiko penyakit jantung koroner yang didapatkan, yaitu terdapat trend peningkatan faktor dan tingkat risiko berdasarkan metode perhitungan Framingham, dimana tingkat risiko penyakit jantung koroner pada pegawai tahun 2013 dalam kategori low risk sebesar 88,2%, intermediate risk sebesar 11,6% dan high risk sebesar 0,2%. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu diperlukannya promosi kesehatan yang terprogram dengan baik dalam mencegah penyakit jantung koroner di tempat kerja.

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ABSTRACTThis study is about risk level analysis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) using Framingham calculation method among workers at BATAN – Serpong, 2011-2013. The study aims to describe factors and risk level of coronary heart disease based on Framingham calculation method. Design of this study is descriptive. The result showed there were risk factor and risk level that trend increased based on Framingham method that showed that risk level of coronary heart disease among workers in 2013 have 88,2% low risk, 11,6% intermediate risk and 0,2 high risk. Suggestion that can be given based this result are managed health promotion programs to prevent coronary heart disease in the workplace."

"This book presents a comprehensive picture of ischemic heart disease for practitioners, students, and investigators dealing with the varied facets of this complex subject. Individual chapters introduce the anatomy of the coronary blood vessels and cardiac development, while others consider current imaging modalities utilized for ischemic heart disease, including stress echo, nuclear diagnostic tests, non-invasive coronary artery imaging, and coronary angiography. Imaging chapters provide key clinical information on techniques and indications, and include examples of both normal and abnormal patterns. The principle thrust of the book concerns coronary atherosclerosis, the pathology of which is presented in conjunction with the results of anatomic, non-invasive imaging and angiographic studies. Related chapters cover atherogenesis, presenting new insights into the pathophysiology of the vulnerable plaque, the role of progenitor cells in vascular injury, inflammation and atherogenesis, and the genomics of vascular remodeling. Additional topics covered include angina pectoris, acute coronary syndromes, healed myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, catheter-based and surgical revascularization, and surgical treatment of myocardial infarction and its sequelae. With contributions from a diverse group of internationally-known physicians with broad experience in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease."

"ABSTRACTCoronary Heart Disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality rate is increasing dramatically in the last 15 years in Indonesia. Available data show that among the contribution factor changes in life style and demographic transition are prominent.A hypothetical risk factor for CHD is lipid peroxidation, a reaction between oxygen free radical and lipid parts of cell membranes and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Food habit is following a pattern of nutrient and non-nutrient intakes, including fatty acids and antioxidants. Fatty acid intakes determine the susceptibility of the lipid parts of eell membranes and LDL to peroxidation by free radicals. Theoretically, antioxidants will protect against oxidative damage caused by oxygen free radicals. Commercially available and advertised antioxidants such as vitamin E are widely used inspite of limited information on the interrelation between lipid peroxide levels in the Indonesian elderly with CHD risk factors such as food habits, dyslipidemia and obesity.A two-phase study on the elderly (55-85 years.) guided by the health centers was undertaken in Jakarta. Data for both phases were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements, blood analysis and blood pressure measurements. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS and WorldFood 2 programs.The first phase was a cross-sectional study to see the association between lipid peroxides and fatty acids, vegetables, fruits, tempe intakes, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The samples were 394 elderly. The variables found correlated with lipid peroxides were LDL, intake of mono and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, tempe, and vitamin E. The study showed an increase level of lipid peroxides with age and ethnic differences with the highest level of lipid peroxides among the Minangkabau.The second phase is a randomized double-blind trial giving 600 mg/day vitamin E supplementation or placebo for 12 weeks to 152 elderly with the high level of lipid peroxides found in the cross-sectional study. The objective was to see if there was a change of lipid peroxide levels after the intervention. The results showed a significant decrease of lipid peroxides level in the vitamin E group compared to placebo after being adjusted with age, waist-hip ratio (WHR), plasma cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids (SAFA) intake. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) was also increased significantly in the vitamin E group compared to placebo group.Randomized controlled trial taking into account the confounding variables such as age, sex, ethnic, waist-hip ratio, saturated fat intake, carbohydrate intake and plasma cholesterol might be able to elucidate the specific beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation. Health education and information concerning foods that have effect on lipid peroxidation, such as tempe should be endorsed. More studies should be undertaken to find other food or beverage that have protecting effects against lipid peroxides."

"Menurut badan kesehatan dunia World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2015, sebanyak 70% penyebab kematian pada penyakit jantung disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Tercatat 17,5 juta kematian atau setara dengan 30,0 % dari total kematian di dunia disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner (WHO, 2017). Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan gangguan fungsi jantung yang disebabkan adanya plaque yang menumpuk di dalam pembuluh darah arteri sehingga mengganggu supply oksigen ke jantung. Hal ini menyebabkan aliran darah ke otot jantung menjadi berkurang dan terjadi defisiensi oksigen. Pada keadaan yang lebih serius dapat mengakibatkan serangan jantung. Faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner diantaranya adalah Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Hipertensi, Kolesterol, Riwayat Keluarga dan sebagainya. Jika kemungkinan seseorang untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner dapat diprediksi sejak awal berdasarkan faktor risiko yang ada, maka tingkat kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dapat ditekan menjadi lebih rendah.Tesis ini mengusulkan Model Regresi Logistik Fuzzy untuk memprediksi kemungkinan seseorang untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner. Tahap pertama dari penelitian ini adalah membangun model prediksi, kemudian mengestimasi nilai parameter dengan menggunakan metode least square. Selanjutnya pada tahap ketiga mengaplikasikan model yang didapatkan untuk memprediksi penyakit jantung koroner. Setelah itu melakukan uji kelayakan atau kesesuaian model dengan metode Mean Degree of Membership dan yang terakhir menghitung akurasi prediksi dengan menggunakan Confusion Matrix.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, as many as 70% of the causes of death in heart disease were caused by coronary heart disease (CHD). It was recorded that 17.5 million deaths or the equivalent of 30.0% of the world's total deaths were caused by coronary heart disease (WHO, 2017). Coronary heart disease is a disorder of heart function caused by plaque that builds up in the arteries so it interferes with oxygen supply to the heart. This causes blood flow to be reduced and oxygen deficiency occurs. In more serious situations it can prevent heart attacks. Risk factors for coronary heart disease are Age, Gender, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Family History and so on. If there is someone who is a victim of coronary heart disease can be predicted from the beginning, then there is likely to arise more.

This thesis proposes a Fuzzy Logistic Regression Model to predict the possibility of a person suffering from coronary heart disease. The first stage of this research is to build a predictive model, then estimate the parameter values using the least square method. Furthermore, in the third stage, apply a model to predict coronary heart disease. After that, test the feasibility or suitability of the model with the Mean Degree of Membership method and finally calculate the prediction accuracy using the Confusion Matrix."

"Latar belakang. Gagal jantung akut telah menjadi masalah kesehatan diseluruh dunia dengan penyakit jantung koroner sebagai penyebab terbanyak.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara penyakit jantung koroner dengan mortalitas pasien gagal jantung akut selama perawatan.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang serta menggunakan 685 data sekunder dari studi Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry (ADHERE) di lima rumah sakit di Indonesia pada bulan Desember 2005 ? 2006.Hasil. Penelitian ini melibatkan 957 pasien gagal jantung akut. Proporsi pasien gagal jantung akut yang mengalami penyakit jantung koroner di lima rumah sakit di Indonesia pada bulan Desember 2005 ? 2006 mencapai 74,8 %. Angka mortalitas pasien gagal jantung akut selama perawatan secara umum adalah 4,1 %. Angka mortalitas pasien yang mengalami PJK lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien tanpa PJK (P = 0,493, OR = 1,3, CI 95% 0,59 ? 2,90). Angka mortalitas pasien gagal jantung akut yang disertai penyakit jantung koroner selama perawatan adalah 4,3 %, Sedangkan pada pasien tanpa penyakit jantung koroner adalah 3,3 %.Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara riwayat penyakit jantung koroner dengan angka mortalitas gagal jantung akut selama perawatan di lima rumah sakit di Indonesia pada bulan Desember 2005 - 2006.

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Background. Acute heart failure has become health problem on the world and coronary heart disease is known as common etiology.

Objective. To determine relationship between history of coronary heart disease and mortality of acute heart failure

Method. This study was conducted by using cross sectional method. Using 685 secondary data from study Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry (ADHERE) in five hospital in Indonesia on December 2005 -2006.

Result. From 957 patient acute heart failure, about 76,2 % patient have coronary heart disease. Overall in-hospital mortality among patient with acute heart failure is 4,1 %. In-hospital mortality in patient with coronary heart disease is 4,3 % and 3,3 % in patient without coronary heart disease (P = 0,493, OR = 1,3, CI 95% 0,59 - 2,90).

Conclusion. There is no significant relationship between coronary heart disease and mortality of acute heart Failure in five hospitals in Indonesia on December 2005-2006."

"Prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi. Efikasi diri diperlukan pasien jantung koroner untuk mendukung kemandirian dalam mengelola penyakitnya. Sedangkan persepsi akan mempengaruhi pasien dalam mengambil keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi penyakit dengan efikasi diri pasien penyakit jantung koroner Desain penelitian analitik Cross sectional dengan sampel 34 pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner. Data penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan kuisioner Illness Perception Questionaire Revised dengan 14 pernyataan dan Cardiac Self Efficacy berjumlah 20 pernyataan, kemudian di analisis menggunakan Chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan persepsi penyakit dengan efikasi diri pasien penyakit jantung koroner. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan agar ditambahkan pengkajian efikasi diri pasien di RS Pusat Pertamina.

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The prevalence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia is still high. Self-efficacy was required for patients with coronary heart disease to managing the disease independently. Perceptions influences patients in making decisions. The purpose of this research was to identify correlation between illness perception and Self-efficacy of coronary heart disease Patient. This study was a cross-sectional analytic with 34 respondens coronary heart disease. This study used 14 item Illness Perception Questionaire Revised and 20 item Cardiac Self-Efficacy, statistical analysis used Chi-Square. There are not correlation between illness perception and self-efficacy of coronary heart disease patient. It was recommend to add assessment Self-Efficacy at Pusat Pertamina Hospital."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada kelompok kardiovaskular. Obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang terhadap progresivitas dari prediabetes menjadi DM tipe 2 dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Kondisi prediabetes dengan obesitas meningkatkan risiko kejadian PJK berdasarkan Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kohor retrospektif dengan data sekunder studi kohor faktor risiko PTM tahun 2011-2018. Sampel adalah 493 penduduk penduduk dewasa yang obesitas yang menjadi responden Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM, serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan cox regression setelah dikontrol dengan usia dan durasi obesitas menemukan bahwa prediabetes memiliki nilai HR=0,80 (95%CI:0,462-1,387), p=0,429, yang berarti hubungan prediabetes dengan kejadian PJK pada penduduk dewasa yang obesitas tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in the cardiovascular group. Obesity could increase a person's risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 DM and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes with obesity increases the risk of CHD events based on Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS). This study was used a retrospective cohort study design using secondary data on NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study in 2011-2018. The sample was 493 obese adult respondents in population of NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study whom met this study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of multivariate analysis using cox regression after being controlled by age and duration of obesity found that prediabetes had HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.462-1.387), p = 0.429 which means the relationship between prediabetes with CHD events in obese adult respondents was not statistically significant."