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"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas program pelatihan autonomysupportive behaviors pada guru PAUD dalam meningkatkan perilaku mendukung otonomi anak prasekolah melalui kegiatan pelatihan. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian terapandengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest design. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalampenelitian berdasarkan sebelas perilaku instruksional mendukung otonomi yangdikembangkan oleh Reeve & Jang (2006). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa programcukup efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku guru PAUD dalam mendukung otonomi anakprasekolah dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terutama pada perilaku ?memberikanpujian sebagai umpan balik atas suatu pencapaian suatu aktivitas? dan ?memberi doronganuntuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan keterlibatan siswa;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement, The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children’s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ‘praise as informational feedback about the student’s improvement or mastery’and the behavior of ‘offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student’s engagement]"

"Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parentification dapat bersifat konstruktif dan destruktif, dipengaruhi oleh pemberian bimbingan dan dukungan dari keluarga. Pada remaja dengan status sosial ekonomi (SES) rendah, parentification merupakan kondisi yang tidak bisa dihindari, sehingga mereka perlu mengembangkan kemampuan positif yang ada di dalam diri, salah satunya resiliensi, untuk menghindari terjadinya parentification yang bersifat destruktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara parentification dan resiliensi pada remaja SES rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Parentification diukur menggunakan alat ukur Parentification Inventory yang disusun oleh Hooper (2009) dan telah diadaptasi ke dalam konteks Indonesia. Resiliensi diukur menggunakan Resilience Scale (RS-14) yang disusun oleh Wagnild dan Young (1993) dan telah diadaptasi ke dalam konteks Indonesia. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 183 orang remaja dari keluarga dengan status ekonomi sosial (SES) rendah. Hasil utama penelitian menunjukkan parentification berkorelasi positif signifikan dengan resiliensi (r=0.320; p=0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). Dapat diartikan bahwa semakin tinggi parentification seseorang maka semakin tinggi pula resiliensinya.

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Some researchers have shown that parentification can be constructive and destructive, influenced by the provision of guidance and support from family. In adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES), parentification is a condition that can not be avoided, so they need to develop positive capabilities that exist within their, one of resilience, to avoid destructive parentification. This research was conducted to find the relationship between parentification and resilience. This research used the quantitative approach. Parentification was measured using Parentification Inventory (PI) which was constructed by Hooper (2009) and had been adapted to Indonesian context. Resilience was measured using Resilience Scale (RS-14) which constructed by Wagnild and Young (1993) and had been adapted to Indonesian context. The participants are 183 adolescences with low socioeconomic status. The main result of this research showed that parentification positive correlated significantly with resilience (r=0.320; p=0.000, significant at L.o.S 0.01). That mean, the higher parentification of one’s own, the higher his/her resilience."

"ABSTRAKSelf-confidence adalah keyakinan terhadap diri Sena kemampuan yangdimiliki (Websters Dictionary, 1996). Gejala tidak percaya diri pada anak eratkaitannya dengan persepsi anak terhadap konsep dirinya (Surya, 2007). Orangtuayang mcmpersepsikan anaknya sebagai ?segalanya buruk?dapat menciptakankonsep diri yang menekankan pada anak bahwa anak kurang diterima, buruk, dantindakannya tidak disetujui oleh orangtuanya (Frankel-Bnmswilk, dalam Burns,1993).Cognilfve-Behavior Therapy (CBT) adalah sebuah istiiah yang digunakanuntuk menjelaskan bentuk innervensi yang bersifat psikoterapeutik dan bertujuanuntuk mengurangi distress psikologis dan perilaku maladaptifdengan caramengganti proses kognitif (Kaplan et al., dalam Stallard, 2002). Program CBTpada dasamya didasari oleh pemyataan bahwa keyakinan negatifmengenai hidupdan seseorang adalah hasil dari se%taIk negatif yang berujung pada perasaannegatif mengenai diri sendiri, sebf-esteem rendah, dan kepada perilaku yangbersifat menghambat individu mencapai hasil yang diinginkan (Bumett, 1996).Intervensi cognizive behavioral dinilai paling sukses mcningkatkan harga diri dankonsep diri. Program diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan positive seMta1k dan CBTdihubungkan dengan pengurangan negative se%talk (Bumett, Craven, dan Marsh,1999).Program CBT dalam tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkankepercayaan diri sorang anak berusia 9 tahun dengan tingkat kecerdasan rata-rata.Ia merasa kurang percaya diri menjawab pertanyaan guru atau orangtua saatbelajar. Ia takut menjawab dengan salah. Sctelah intervcnsi, anak mampumenyadari kcsalahan berpikimya, menjadi lebih percaya diri di sekolah. Di sisilain, sikap ayah yang marah saat anak melakukan kesalahan membuat anak sulitmenunjukkau perubahan positif di mmah. Anakjuga sangat memperhatikancvaluasi dari teman scbayanya.

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ABSTRACTSelf-confidence is faith about oneself and one?s own ability (Webster?sDictionary, 1996). Lack of confidence of symptom in a child is tight with thechild?s perception of his/her self-concept (Surya, 2007). Parents, who perceivetheir child as ?all bad", create a self-concept that emphasize the child that he/sheis less accepted, bad, and does not have any approval of his action from the parent(Frenkel-Brunswilk, in Bums, 1993).Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an intervention that aims topsychological distress and maladaptive behavior by altering cognitive processes(Kaplan et al., in Stallard, 2002). CBT program is based on the notion thatnegative beliefs about life and oneself is the result of negative self-talk whichleads to negative feelings about oneself; low self-esteem, and self-defeatingbehavior (Bumett, 1996). Cognitive behavioral based interventions were the mostsuccessful enhancers of self-esteem and self-concepts. 'I'he program wasassociated with an increase in positive self-talk and CBT was linked to a decreasein negative self-talk (Bumett, Craven, and Marsh, 1999).CBT?s program on this final assignment was aimed to improve the self-conlidence ofa nine year old girl with an average intelligence. She feels little ofconfidence in answering the teacher?s or pa1°ent's questions. She was afraid thatshe might give a wrong answer. As the result ofthe intervention, the child now isaware of her faulty think and become more confident in school. On the other side,her father-'s attitude that always become angry whenever she gives a wronganswer make her more difficult to show some improvement at home setting. Thechild also pays much of attention on her peer?s evaluation."

"Literatur menunjukkan bahwa parentification dapat bersifat konstruktif dan destruktif, yang ditentukan dengan pemberian bimbingan dan dukungan dari keluarga. Pada remaja dengan Status Ekonomi Sosial rendah, kurang mendapatkan bimbingan dan dukungan, sehingga akan menimbulkan parentification yang bersifat destruktif. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi kesehatan mental remaja, salah satunya akan menimbulkan psychological distress. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara parentification dengan psychological distress pada remaja dengan Status Ekonomi Sosial (SES) rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan sebanyak 183 remaja usia 11-22 tahun dan bersekolah di Yayasan Sekolah Masjid Terminal (Master), Depok. Parentification diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang dikembangkan oleh Hooper (2009), yaitu Parentification Inventory (PI). Untuk psychological distress diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang dikembangkan oleh Weinberger (1995), yaitu Weinberger Adjustmen Inventory (WAI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara parentification dan psychological distress (r = 0,338, n = 183, p > 0,05). Hasil lain menunjukkan, terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara instrumental parentification dan psychological distress (r = 0,199, n = 183, p < 0,05). Sementara itu, emotional parentification dan perceived benefit of parentification tidak terdapat berhubungan dengan psychological distress.

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The literature suggests that parentification can be constructive and destructive, which is determined by the provision of guidance and support from family. In adolescents with low social economic status, lack of guidance and support, so it will cause destructive parentification. This will affect the mental health of adolescene, one of them will lead to psychological distress.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the psychological distress parentification in adolescents with low social economic status. This research is a quantitative study involving as many as 183 teenagers aged 11-22 years and attended the School of Masjid Terminal (Master), Depok. Parentification was measured using Parentification Inventory (PI) which was constructed by Hooper (2009). Psychological distress was measured using Weinberger Adjustmen Inventory (WAI) which was constructed by Weinberger (1975).

The results showed that there was no significant correlation between psychological distress and parentification (r = 0338, n = 183, p > 0,05). Other results show, there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological distress and instrumental parentification (r = 0,199, n = 183, p < 0,05). Meanwhile, parentification emotional and perceived benefits of parentification are not associated with psychological distress."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara komitmen dan kepuasan perkawinan pada individu dalam tahap perkawinan yang memiliki anak remaja. Sebanyak 157 partisipan diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner komitmen (sub-skala komitmen dari Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale) dan kepuasan perkawinan (Fowers and Olson’s ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale). Pada penelitian ini, partisipan ditemukan memiliki komitmen dan kepuasan perkawinan yang cukup tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara komitmen dan kepuasan perkawinan (r = .462, p < .01). Selain itu, ditemukan pula adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara lama berpacaran dan kepuasan perkawinan (r = . 164, p < .05).

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This research was aimed to examine the relationship between commitment and marital satisfaction in individuals who are in the stage of marriage with teenagers. A total of 157 participants were asked to fill out questionnaires commitment (subscale commitment of Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale) and marital satisfaction (Fowers and Olson's Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale). In this research, participants were found have quite high commitment and marital satisfaction. The results also indicate a positive and significant relationship between commitment and marital satisfaction (r = .462, p < .01). In addition, a significant correlation was found between courtship length and marital satisfaction (r = . 164, p <.05)."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara loneliness dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu tunggal yang memiliki anak usia kanak madya. Pengukuran loneliness dilakukan dengan menggunakan Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) yang dikonstruksikan oleh DiTommaso dan Spinner (1993), sedangkan parenting self-efficacy diukur dengan menggunakan Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) yang dikonstruksikan oleh Coleman dan Karraker (2000). Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah 37 ibu tunggal akibat bercerai yang memiliki anak usia kanak madya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara loneliness dengan parenting self-efficacy (r = - .343; n = 37; p < 0,05, one-tail). Artinya, semakin tinggi loneliness ibu tunggal, semakin rendah parenting self-efficacy-nya; begitu pula sebaliknya. Terdapat dua dari tiga dimensi loneliness yang ditemukan memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan parenting self-efficacy. Kedua dimensi tersebut adalah keluarga dan sosial. Korelasi antara keluarga dan parenting self-efficacy ditemukan lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan korelasi antara sosial dan parenting self-efficacy. Di samping itu, loneliness ditemukan tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan setiap domain parenting self-efficacy, tetapi dimensi romantis memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan domain kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, hubungan dengan anggota keluarga yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh ibu tunggal yang memiliki anak usia kanak madya agar respon ibu tunggal terhadap kondisinya menjadi lebih positif, dan sejalan dengan hal tersebut diharapkan parenting self-efficacy ibu tunggal meningkat.

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This study examined the relationship between loneliness and parenting self-efficacy among single mothers of middle childhood children. Loneliness was measured by Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale or SELSA (DiTommaso & Spinner, 1993), whereas parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index or SEPTI (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The respondents of this study were 37 Indonesia single mothers of middle childhood.

This study obtain a significant, negative relationship between loneliness and parenting selfefficacy (r = -.343; n = 37; p < .05, one-tailed). It indicates that the higher single mothers’ loneliness, the lower their parenting self-efficacy, and vice versa. Next, there are two out three dimension of loneliness that have significant, negative relationship to parenting self-efficacy, they are family and social, where family has higher correlation than social.

On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between loneliness and parenting self-efficacy’s domains, yet there is a significant, negative relationship between romantic dimension and health domain. Based on these results, single mothers need to increase their family relationship's quality in order to help them accepting their status and condition as single mothers, while increasing their parenting self-efficacy as well."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan antara psychological well-being dan harapan pada ibu dari anak dengan gangguan autisme. Responden penelitian ini merupakan 44 ibu dari anak dengan gangguan autisme. Dengan melakukan pengukuran menggunakan Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being dan The Adult Trait Hope Scale, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara psychological well-being dan harapan pada ibu dari anak dengan gangguan autisme (r = .633; n = 44; p < 0,01, one-tailed).Artinya, semakin tinggi psychological well-being ibu, maka semakin tinggi pula harapan ibu terhadap masa depan anaknya yang mengalami gangguan autisme. Terdapat empat dari enam dimensi psychological well-being yang berkorelasi positif dan signifikan dengan harapan, yaitu self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, dan environmental mastery. Sedangkan kedua komponen harapan, agency dan pathways,berkorelasi positif dan signifikan dengan psychological well-being. Agar mendapat penjelasan yang lebih komprehensif mengenai psychological wellbeing dan harapan pada ibu dari anak dengan gangguan autisme, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.

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The focus of the study is to examine the relationship between psychological well-being and hope among mothers of children with autism. The respondents of this study were 44 Indonesian mothers of children with autism. Measured by Ryff‘s Scales of Psychological Well-Being and The Adult Trait Hope Scale, this study obtain a significant, positive relationship between psychological well-being and hope(r = .633; n = 44; p < 0,01, one-tailed). It indicates that the higher mothers‘ psychological well-being, the higher their hope to their child‘s future, and vice versa. Next, there are four out of six dimension of psychological wellbeing that have significant, positive relationship to hope, they are selfacceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, and environmental mastery. On the other hand, both components of hope, agency and pathways, also have significant, positive relationship to psychological well-being. In order to obtain a more comprehensive explanation of the psychological well-being and hope in mothers of children with autism, further research needs to be done using a qualitative approach."

"Penyakit HIV/AIDS membutuhkan proses pengobatan yang mengakibatkan gangguan-gangguan pada kondisi fisik dan psikologis pada penderitanya. Mereka membutuhkan bantuan dari orang lain yang berperan sebagai caregiver untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Harapan budaya dan sosial menempatkan ibu sebagai caregiver ketika salah satu anggota keluarga membutuhkan perawatan dan pendampingan. Dengan berjalannya waktu, proses caregiving dapat menjadi hal yang menekan dan memunculkan caregiver strain, sehingga dapat mengganggu kualitas perawatan dan pendampingan yang diberikan. Bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan coping dan caregiver strain pada ibu dengan anak yang menderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain non-eksperimental. Dari hasil olah dan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa coping dan caregiver strain pada ibu dengan anak yang menderita HIV/AIDS berkorelasi negatif namun tidak signifikan. Melihat kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi ibu sebagai caregiver pada penelitian ini, Peneliti menyarankan pentingnya dukungan kelompok dan dukungan dari keluarga bagi mereka.

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HIV/AIDS needs a medical process that caused impaired both physical and psychological condition on the patient. They need assistance from other people as the caregiver to do daily activity. Cultural and social expectation has put women into caregiving role for any family member who need care to fulfil their duties. As a mother, women become a figure that will directly act as a caregiver for their disabled offspring, as happen to those who have HIV/AIDS. Over time, caregiving can be stressful and cause caregiver strain, that will affect the quality of service and bad impact to the patient.

This is a quantitative, non-experimental research which has an aim to assess the relationship between coping and caregiver strain on mothers with HIV/AIDS offsprings. From the collected data analysis, the conclusion is that coping and caregiver strain on mothers with HIV/AIDS offsprings are negatively correlated yet insignificant. Seeing the difficulty these mothers having in this study, researcher suggests the importance of group support and family support."