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"Orang tua dari anak dengan ASD mengalami stres pengasuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada anak tanpa ASD. Jika tidak diatasi dengan baik, maka stres pengasuhan bisa berdampak bagi penurunan kualitas pengasuhan, serta berkaitan dengan hubungan pasangan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi coping untuk menghadapi stres pengasuhan pada orang tua dari anak dengan ASD. Dyadic coping dapat digunakan untuk menghadapi stres pengasuhan dalam mengasuh anak dengan ASD. Dyadic coping terdiri dari positive dan negative dyadic coping. Positive dyadic coping terdiri dari supportive, delegated, dan common dyadic coping. Peneliti berfokus pada supportive dyadic coping karena menampilkan dukungan yang diberikan dan didapatkan pasangan dalam menghadapi stres pengasuhan. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat hubungan antara supportive dyadic coping dan stres pengasuhan pada orang tua dengan anak ASD. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 82 ayah atau ibu dari anak dengan ASD di Indonesia. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah subskala supportive dyadic coping (by partner dan by self) dari Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) dan Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Hasil penelitian menampilkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara supportive dyadic coping dan stres pengasuhan pada orang tua dengan anak ASD (r=-.261, N=82, p<.01, one-tailed). Artinya, semakin tinggi supportive dyadic coping, maka semakin rendah stres pengasuhan orang tua dengan anak ASD.

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Parents of ASD children experience higher parenting stress than those without ASD children. If it doesn't dealt properly, there is a chance that parenting stress has an impact on the quality of parenting and couple's relationship. Therefore, coping strategies are needed to deal with parenting stress for parents of ASD children. Dyadic coping can be used to deal with parenting stress in rearing ASD children. Dyadic coping consists of positive and negative dyadic coping. Positive dyadic coping consists of supportive, delegated, and common dyadic coping. This study focused on supportive dyadic coping because it displays the support by self and partner in dealing with parenting stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between supportive dyadic coping and parenting stress in parents of ASD children. There are 82 fathers or mothers of ASD children in Indonesia that participated in this study. The measurement tools used in this study were the supportive dyadic coping subscales (by partner and by self) of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between supportive dyadic coping and parenting stress in parents of ASD children (r=-.261, N=82, p<.01, one-tailed). That is, the higher the supportive dyadic coping, the lower the parenting stress of parents of ASD children."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat efek moderasi dari kedua faktor common dyadic coping terhadap hubungan antara kepuasan pernikahan dengan parenting stress pada orang tua dari anak dengan spektrum autisme di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 131 partisipan di Jabodetabek, Bali, dan Lampung. Penelitian menggunakan alat ukur Couples Satisfaction Index–Short Form, Parenting Stress Index, dan Dyadic Coping Inventory. Analisis data dilakukan dengan korelasi Pearson, analisis regresi linear, dan Hayes Macro Process. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara kepuasan pernikahan dan parenting stress serta tidak ditemukan efek moderasi dari kedua faktor common dyadic coping terhadap hubungan kepuasan pernikahan dan parenting stress.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the moderating effect of the two factors of common dyadic coping in the relationship between marital satisfaction and parenting stress for parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in Indonesia. The study was conducted to 131 participants in Jabodetabek, Bali, and Lampung area. This study uses Couples Satisfaction Index–Short Form, Parenting Stress Index, and Dyadic Coping Inventory to measure the variables. Data is analyzed using Pearson correlation, linear regression analysis, and Hayes Macro Process. Findings of the study showed that there is a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and parenting stress, and there is no moderating effect from the two factors of common dyadic coping to that relationship."

"ABSTRAK Disertasi ini membahas model faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi depresi, kecemasandan stres pada mahasiswa S1. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan disain crosssectional. Hasil factor analysis pada sumber masalah, didapat sumber masalah ada 3faktor yaitu komunikasi dan adaptasi, personal dan emosional. Hasil structure equationmodeling, bahwa faktor sumber masalah dan faktor harga diri berhubungan signifikanterhadap terjadinya depresi, kecemasan dan stres pada mahasiswa S1. Sumber masalahmerupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi depresi, kecemasan, dan stress padamahasiswa S1. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perlu ditambahkan program/kegiatanseperti pelatihan, seminar, talk show, dan diskusi tentang peningkatan harga dirimahasiswa.

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ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses the model of factors that influence depression, anxiety and

stress in undergraduate students. This research is quantitative with cross sectional

design. The results of factor analysis on the source of the problem, the source of the

problem is that there are three factors, namely communication and adaptation, personal

and emotional. The results of structure equation modelling, that the problem and selfesteem

factors are significantly relate to depression, anxiety and stress in undergrasuate

students. The problem is the most affects depression, anxiety, and stress in

undergrasuate students. The results of the study suggest that programs / activities need

to add such as training, seminars, talk shows, discussions, about increasing student selfesteem.

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"Depresi merupakan penyakit yang terbanyak didapati baik pada praktik spesialis maupun umum. Gangguan psikiatrik ini dapat bersifat ringan atau penyakit yang berat. Gangguan penyakit yang berat dapat fatal, karena biasanya penderita mencoba untuk bunuh diri (suicidium). Diagnosis penyakit tidak mudah. Gangguan yang ringan, sering bermanifestasi sebagai penyakit fisik, dan gangguan emosional tersamar oleh keluhan somatiknya. Pada masa akut sering gangguan yang berat menyerupai gangguan lain seperti skizofrenia. Banyak sarjana di bidang psikiatri mencari markah biologik sebagai alat untuk membantu diagnosis depresi. Salah satu markah biologik adalah gambaran poligrafik tidur. Hasil yang positif dari laboratorium tidur sulit dipakai di klinik, karena mahal dan sangat memakan waktu, baik penilaian maupun interpretasi. Kelompok Studi Psikiatri Biologik Jakarta (KSPBJ) telah melakukan modifikasi dari teknik standar dengan teknik yang dinamakan Teknik KSPBJ. Pada teknik ini hanya merekam satu menit dari lima menit selama perekaman yang berlangsung tujuh jam. Dari penelitian kami dengan sukarelawan normal dan pasien depresi didapatkan bahwa Teknik KSPBJ mempunyai agreement yang tinggi dengan teknik standar. Lebih lanjut didapatkan bahwa dengan teknik itu, seperti juga pada teknik standar didapatkan markah biologik untuk depresi. Penderita depresi mempunyai latensi REM yang rendah, yang berbeda dengan normal (P<0,001). Selaln itu ternyata pula pada penderita depresi terjadi shifting p-REM ke 1/3 awal malam dan pada perbaikan depresi terjadi shifting ke 1/3 akhir malam. Penelltian ini konsisten dengan hipotesis adanya ketidak-seimbangan sistem kolinergik - noradrenergik pada mekanisme latency REM, dan ketidak-seimbangan noradrenergik-serotonergik pada phasic REM.

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Sleep In Depressed Patient (A Study On Sleep, REM, and Phasic REM In Depressed Patients)Up to 10 % of all patients seeing a doctor are depressed. This conclusion emerged from an enquiry conducted in 1973 by over 10.000 physicians practicing in Austria, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy and Switzerland. Approximately 15% of the severely depressed commit suicide, whereas the moderate and mild forms usually cause reduction in the quality of life of these patients. The diagnosis of depression is not easy. Depressive states often escape diagnosis because these patients are so overwhelmed by the impact of their physical symptoms, particularly since they can more easily accept the idea that their illness is of physical, as opposed to mental origin. By referring only to their physical complaints, and deliberately failing to disclose their slate of mind, they lead the unwary physician up the wrong diagnostic path. In most mental hospitals, or departments of psychiatry, the diagnosis of depression is also not easily made. In the acute and severe forms these condition sometimes are wrongly diagnosed as schizophrenia. Numerous scientists are presently searching for a biological marker of depression. The Ideal biological marker must be sensitive, specific, easy to identify and relatively Inexpensive In its operation. Research over the past two decades has led to the development of a standardized sleep EEG methodology, which has been proven useful for the identification of characteristic sleep abnormalities of depressed patients. Application of REM abnormalities as a biological marker has produced an accurate, reliable and objective laboratory method for a diagnostic aid in the identification of depression. Even though this is proven to be a useful tool, in clinical practice it is not presently practical as a routine screening test in depressed patients. One of the drawbacks of these methods is the limited number of and the access to standard sleep laboratories. Expenses of EEG sleep studies run high, approximately US$ 500.00 per night. The other factor is that it is time consuming to evaluate 1200 pages of EEG sleep records. In 1980 KSPBJ (Study Group for Biological Psychiatry) developed a modification of the Rechtschaffen and Dales method. The KSPBJ technique records only one minute in every five minutes. That is one minute on and four minutes off for a period of seven hours. In this dissertation a comparison was made between the KSPRJ technique and the standard technique. With 18 normal volunteers, 14 new cases of depression, and 13 medicated depressed patients, the conclusion can be made that the KSPBJ technique has a statistically high agreement with the standard technique. (Po m 0.78 - 0.82, Kappa - 0.71 - 0.75). Another result of these studies with 91 depressed patients and 50 normal volunteers is finding that depressed patients have shortened REM Latency (<60 minutes). This shortened REM Latency could be used in predicting the diagnosis of depression with a quite high level of sensitivity (73-76%), and specificity (over 90%). Yet another conclusion with this KSPBJ technique is that in depressed patients, there seem to be a shifting to the left of phasic REM (to one third of initial night), and on recovery a shifting to the right (to one third of terminal night). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis, of choilnergic - noradrenergic balance mechanism in the forming of latency REM, and the balance of noradrenergic - serotonergic mechanism in the forming of phasic REM. When comparing this technique with the standard technique, there is an 80% reduction of the cost of sleep EEG recording, and an 80% saving in time for evaluation. In conclusion, the KSPBJ technique can be considered as a biological marker for depression which is reasonably sensitive and specific, easy to identify, and in addition relatively inexpensive."

"Kanker merupakan penyakit kronik yang menjadi penyebab kematian utama kedua di dunia. Dampak kanker dapat mempengaruhi fisik dan psikologis yang berpengaruh pada nilai kualitas hidup pasien kanker. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan hubungan antara gangguan psikologis (depresi, ansietas dan stres) dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker. Metode dalam penulisan ini ialah telaah literatur dengan menggunakan prinsip Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Penelusuran jurnal dilakukan melalui database Pubmed, Clinical Key, Wiley Online Library, Sciencedirect, SAGE journals, dan Google Scholar. Analisis bias artikel dilakukan oleh dua reviewer dengan menggunakan The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Hasil analisa pada enam belas jurnal didapatkan mayoritas pasien kanker mengalami depresi, ansietas dan stres serta mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup. Terdapat hubungan yang signikan antara depresi, ansietas dan stres dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker.

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Cancer is a chronic disease that is the second leading cause of death in the world. The impact of cancer can affect the physical and psychological factors that affect the quality of life of cancer patients. This article discusses the strenght of the relationship between psychological disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress) with quality of life in cancer patients. The method in this article is a literature review using the principles of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Journals traced through the Pubmed, Clinical Key, Wiley Online Library, Sciencedirect, SAGE journals, and Google Scholar databases. The article bias analysis was assessed by two reviewers using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The results from analysis the journals obtained by patients experienced an increase in depression, anxiety, and stress and had decreased quality of life. There is a significant relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress with the quality of life in cancer patients."