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"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan parenting stress dengan persepsi terhadap pelayanan family-centered care pada orang tua anak tunaganda-netra. Anak tunaganda adalah mereka yang karena intensitas masalah fisik, mental, atau emosional, membutuhkan pelayanan pendidikan, sosial, psikologis, dan medis melebihi program pendidikan khusus yang biasa. Penelitian ini dianggap penting karena orang tua anak tunaganda ditemukan mengalami tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang tua anak normal. Dengan adanya pemahaman mengenai berbagai kesulitan yang dialami orang tua anak tunaganda, tenaga profesional dapat memahami secara lebih mendalam tentang berbagai masalah yang ada dan membantu untuk mengarahkan pilihan intervensi dalam menangani anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Model operasional penelitian ini menggunakan adaptasi Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) untuk menggambarkan parenting stress dan skala Measure of Processes of Care versi Indonesia (MPOC-Indonesia) untuk menggambarkan persepsi orang tua terhadap pelayanan family-centered care. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 52 orang tua anak tunaganda yang sedang menerima pelayanan pengasuhan dari tenaga profesional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode kuesioner, sedangkan untuk analisis data digunakan perhitungan korelasi dengan teknik Pearson product-moment. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap hasil pengolahan data, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara parenting stress dengan persepsi terhadap pelayanan family-centered care. Dengan kata lain, tidak terdapat hubungan antara parenting stress dengan persepsi terhadap pelayanan family-centered care pada orang tua anak tunaganda-netra.

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The purpose of this study is to better understand whether there is a relationship of parenting stress and perception of family-centered care service in parents of children with multiple disabilities and visual impairment. Children with multiple disabilities are those who because of the intensity of their physical, mental, or emotional problems need educational, social, psychological, and medical service beyond those which are traditionally offered by regular special education program. This research was considered to be crucial since parents of children with multiple disabilities have been found experience higher levels of stress than parents of normal children. Through knowledge about difficulties faced by parents of children with multiple disabilities, professionals can get a greater understanding of their problems and may help guide the intervention chosen for the children.

This study is a quantitative research with a correlational design. Operational model of this study used the adaptation of Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) to describe parenting stress and the scale of Measure of Processes of Care in Indonesian version (MPOC-Indonesia) to describe parents? perception of familycentered care service. This study was held among 52 parents of children with multiple disabilities who were receiving family-centered care service from the professionals. The data was collected by using questionnaire method, and it was analyzed by using Pearson product-moment correlation technique.

By analyzing the result of data processing, the research found that there was no significant correlation between parenting stress and perception of family-centered care service. In other words, there is no relationship of parenting stress and perception of family-centered care service in parents of children with multiple disabilities and visual impairment."

"Penelitan ini didasari teori Furman & Lantheir (1996) dan berbagai hasil penelitian mengenai saudara dari anak berkebutuhan khusus. Pentingnya membahas saudara kandung dari anak yang tunaganda-netra karena hubungan antara saudara (sibling relationship) adalah hubungan yang unik. Jika salah satu saudaranya tunaganda-netra maka hubungan jangka panjang yang terjalin dapat mengubah perkembangan satu sama lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara terhadap tiga orang (dua perempuan dan satu laki-laki) remaja akhir dalam rentang usia 18-21 tahun yang memiliki saudara tunaganda dengan salah satu ketunaannya gangguan penglihatan. Temuan penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ketiga partisipan menunjukkan kehangatan dalam sibling relationship yang disebabkan interaksi positif yang biasa dilakukan oleh anak tunaganda-netra seperti berpelukan, mencium dan tersenyum. Tekanan lingkungan dan konflik akibat kesulitan mengatur anak tunaganda-netra adalah dua faktor yang lebih besar mewarnai dinamika sibling relationship. Keberadaan saudara yang tunaganda-netra memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap saudaranya yaitu meningkatnya toleransi terhadap perbedaan. Pada diskusi, menemukan ketika ketiga partisipan yang saat ini telah mencapai tahap penerimaan didasari atas kekuatan spiritual, mempengaruhi keseluruhan cara memandang proses sibling relationship secara positif. Salah satu saran praktis yang diajukan adalah memanfaatkan potensi saudara melalui pembentukan program sibling as therapists dan sibling support group.

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Research done based on Furman & Lantheir (1996) theory and a number of exceptional children studies. Because the sibling relationship is unique, and important that sibling influence each other and play important roles in each other?s lives. When this relationship is affected by a sibling's disabilities, the long-term benefits of the relationship may be altered. This study adopts a qualitative method by interviewing three (2 females and 1 male) selected adolescence sibling include range of 18 -21 years old and have multiple disabilities and a visual impairment (MDVI) sibling.

The findings suggest that three participant has warmth on their sibling relationship causes by positive interaction such as hug, kiss and smile. Experience embarrassment on public image and burdened on child care demands are two factor that show bigger impact on sibling relationship. Companionship of MDVI sibling had give positive impact on sibling such tolerance with differences. Finding highlight when participant reach acceptance level that based on spiritual power, influence the way them saw a hole process of sibling relationship as positive view. The research suggestion to underutilized sibling potential on training sibling as therapists and sibling support group programs."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara coping stress dan parenting self-efficacy. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah orangtua yang memiliki anak dengan gangguan spektrum autistik, sebanyak 66 orang. Pengukuran coping stress menggunakan alat ukur Brief COPE yang dikembangkan oleh Carver (1997) dan telah diadaptasi oleh Amanda (2014). Parenting self-efficacy diukur menggunakan subskala efficacy pada PSOC Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Johnston dan Mash (1989) dan telah diadaptasi oleh Puspitarani (2010). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan korelasi Pearson Correlation diperoleh hasil koefisien korelasi antara coping stress dan parenting self-efficacy sebesar -0.054 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.668 (p>0.01). Hal ini berarti bahwa, tidak terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara coping stress dan parenting self-efficacy. Penelitian ini menemukan terdapat perbedaan skor kemampuan coping stress antara ayah dan ibu.

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The objective of this research was to find the correlation between coping stress and parenting self-efficacy. The participants of this research were 66 parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder. Coping stress was measured with Brief COPE, constructed by Carver (1997) and had been adapted by Amanda (2014). Parenting self-efficacy was measured by measurement tools efficacy subscale of PSOC Scale, constructed by Johnston and Mash (1989) and had been adapted by Puspitarani (2010). The coefficient of Pearson correlation between coping stress and parenting self-efficacy was -0.054 with significance value 0.668 (p>0.01). It indicated that there were negative and no significant correlation between coping stress and parenting self-efficacy."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai peran guru dan perkembangan kemampuan anak tunaganda-netra. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah tiga orang guru yang mengajar anak tunaganda-netra. Gambaran mengenai peran guru diperoleh peneliti dari hasil wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan gambaran mengenai perkembangan kemampuan anak tunaganda-netra pada delapan aspek perkembangan (kognitif, bahasa dan komunikasi, sosial, motorik kasar, motorik halus, orientasi-mobilitas, visual, bina-bantu diri). Gambaran tersebut diperoleh dengan melakukan asesmen pada anak. Karakteristik ketunaan siswa berbeda satu sama lain, tetapi mereka sama-sama mengalami ketunaan berupa tunanetra-tunarungu.Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa ketiga subjek telah menjalankan ketiga perannya (pengajar, manajer, dan konselor) dalam membantu perkembangan kemampuan anak tunaganda-netra. Perbedaan karakteristik siswa pada ketiga subjek membuat pelaksanaan peran menjadi berbeda. Dalam menjalankan peran-perannya, ketiga subjek melakukan metode yang berbeda dari guru kebanyakan seperti melakukan strategi pemaksaan untuk mengajarkan bahasa isyarat, menerapkan pengobatan herbal dan diet glutin untuk menangani epilepsi dan gangguan emosi, serta penerapan sudut individual bagi siswa yang sedang marah.

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The purpose of this research is to get description about teacher`s role and skills development of Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment (MDVI) children. Respondent of this research are three teachers who teach MDVI children. Description about teacher`s role is got by the researcher from interview, observation, and document analysis. Beside that, this research also give the description about skills development of MDVI children in eight aspect of development (cognitive, language and communication, social, gross motor, fine motor, orientation-mobility, visual, and self-help). The description is got by doing assessment to the child. Characteristics if student`s impairment are different from one to another, but they have similarities that they are suffering deaf-blind.From this research is knew that the three subjects already done the three teacher`s role (instructional expert, manajer, and counselor) in helping skills development of MDVI children. Differences of children`s characteristics make the role implementation become different too. When implementing their roles, those three respondent doing methods that differ from most of other teachers like doing forcing strategy to teach sign language, applicating herbal medical treatment and glutine diet to handle epilepsy and emotional disturbance, and also applicating individual corner for angry student."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran penyesuaian diri ibu dan perkembangan kemampuan anak tunaganda-netra. Subjek terdiri dari tiga orang ibu dari anak tunaganda-netra taraf ringan hingga sedang. Gambaran penyesuaian diri ibu diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan ibu. Sementara gambaran perkembangan kemampuan anak (kognitif, bahasa, sosial-emosional, motorik kasar, motorik halus, orientasi-mobilitas, visual, bina-bantu diri) diperoleh melalui asesmen menggunakan alat ukur perkembangan kemampuan anak tunaganda-netra.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, reaksi dan masalah yang dialami ketiga subjek, sehubungan dengan kehadiran anak tunaganda-netra, memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan satu sama lain. Dalam penelitian ini, dua subjek sudah mampu menerima kondisi anak tunaganda-netra, sedangkan satu subjek belum mampu menerima. Satu subjek yang sudah mampu menerima kondisi anak menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kemampuan anaknya secara umum cenderung baik. Sedangkan, satu subjek yang belum mampu menerima kondisi anak menunjukkan, bahwa perkembangan kemampuan anaknya, secara umum masih perlu mendapat perhatian. Subjek lain yang sudah mampu menerima kondisi anak menunjukkan, bahwa perkembangan kemampuan anaknya tidak jauh berbeda dengan subjek yang belum mampu menerima kondisi anak. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi penyesuaian diri ibu, seperti sumber daya pribadi, hubungan pernikahan, karakteristik ketunaan, sumber daya sosial, serta parent support-group.

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This research is aimed to describe the mother`s adjusment and skills development of multiple disabilities and visual impairment children. The three respondents are mothers who have multiple disabilities and visual impairment child. Data about mother`s adjusment was taken from interview with mother. Data about children`s skills development (cognitive, language, social-emotional, gross motor, fine motor, orientationmobility, visual, self-help) was taken from assesment used by skills development measuring tools for multiple disabilities and visual impairment children.Based on the result, those three respondents have some similarity and differences between each other, in reactions and problems that experienced by mothers with multiple disabilities and visual impairment child. In this research, two respondents already have accepted the multiple disabilities and visual impairment children`s condition, while one respondent have accepted yet the child. One of the respondents who already has accepted the child`s condition shows, that the child generally have a good skills development. Whereas, one respondent who has accepted yet the child`s condition shows, that child tend to have skills development which generally need to get attention. Another respondent who has accepted the child`s condition show, that the child skills development doesn`t too much differ with the respondent who has accepted yet the child`s condition. These condition caused by some factors that influence mother`s adjusment, such as personal resources, marital relationship, characteristic of the disabled children, social resources, and parent support-group."

"Orang tua dengan anak ADHD merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan mengalami parenting stress sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah metode yang tepat untuk menurunkan keadaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan dyadic coping dan parenting stress pada orang tua dengan anak ADHD. Partisipan terdiri dari 69 suami dan/atau istri yang mempunyai anak ADHD dibawah 18 tahun. Parenting stress diukur melalui PSI-SF oleh Abidin (1995), sedangkan dyadic coping diukur melalui DCI oleh Bodenmann (2008). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis korelasi pearson dan spearman melalui SPSS ver 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya dimensi negative dyadic coping yang berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan parenting stress, sedangkan dimensi common, delegated, dan supportive tidak berhubungan. Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk memperhatikan penggunaan negative dyadic coping pada orang tua dengan anak ADHD.

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Parents of children with ADHD are prone to parenting stress, indicating a method is needed to tackle this condition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dyadic coping and parenting stress among parents of children with ADHD. The participants consisted of 69 husbands and/or wives with children diagnosed with ADHD under the age of 18. PSI-SF by Abidin (1995) was used to measure parenting stress, while the DCI by Bodenmann (2008) was used to measure dyadic coping. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that (1) there was no association between positive dyadic coping, including common, supportive, and delegated dyadic coping, and parenting stress, and (2) there was a significant positive correlation between negative dyadic coping and parenting stress among parents of children with ADHD, with a medium effect size. This study suggests the need to pay attention to the use of negative dyadic coping among parents of children with ADHD."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara common dyadic coping dengan parenting stress pada orang tua dengan anak ADHD di Indonesia. Common dyadic coping adalah usaha kedua orang tua untuk melakukan proses manajemen stres bersama. Parenting stress adalah reaksi aversif yang dimunculkan orang tua ketika menghadapi tuntutan mengasuh anak. Penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan karena meskipun tingkat anak ADHD di Indonesia tinggi, namun studi mengenai hal tersebut masih minim. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 70 partisipan yang terpusat di daerah Jabodetabek di Indonesia. Sebagian besar dari partisipan merupakan perempuan berumur 31-40 tahun yang sudah menikah selama 5-10 tahun. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring dan menyebarkan kuesioner secara luring ke beberapa SLB serta Yayasan Terapi. Peneliti menggunakan alat ukur Dyadic Coping Inventory dan Parenting Stress Index - Short Form. Data dianalisis dengan teknik korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa common dyadic coping tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan parenting stress. Common dyadic coping juga tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan dua dimensi parenting stress yaitu parent-child dysfunctional interaction dan difficult child. Di lain sisi, ditemukan hubungan negatif dan signifikan antara common dyadic coping dan dan satu dimensi parenting stress yaitu parental distress.

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The aim of this study is to see the relationship between common dyadic coping and parenting stress in parents with ADHD children in Indonesia. Common dyadic coping is a joint effort between parents to manage stress. Parenting stress is an aversive reaction from handling the responsibility of being a parent. It is important to study this because even though the level of ADHD children are high, studies about this in Indonesia are scarce. The study was done to 70 participants mainly from Jabodetabek area in Indonesia. Most of the participants were female, aging between 31 to 40 years old and married for 5 to 10 years. Data were taken by distributing the questionnaires online and offline through several Special Schools and Therapists. This study uses Dyadic Coping Inventory and Parenting Stress Index - Short Form. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results show that common dyadic coping is not significantly correlated with parenting stress. There is also no significant correlation between common dyadic coping and two of parenting stress dimensions, parent-child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child. On the other hand, there is a negative significant relationship between common dyadic coping and one of parenting stress dimension, parental distress."

"Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya di benua Amerika. Adanya perbedaan budaya Amerika dan Asia membuat peneliti akan melakukan penelitian serupa di benua Asia, khususnya di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Partisipan penelitian adalah 302 orangtua pada rentang usia 25-45 tahun, yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya (5-12 tahun). Parenting self-efficacy adalah estimasi orangtua terhadap kompetensinya dalam menjalankan peran sebagai orangtua atau persepsi orangtua terhadap kemampuannya dalam memberikan pengaruh yang positif pada tingkah laku dan perkembangan anak (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), dan strategi pengasuhan adalah berbagai bentuk tingkah laku orangtua untuk mengarahkan dan memengaruhi perilaku anak (Laforce, 2004). Teknik statistik yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi Pearson. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = + 0.221, p < 0.01, one-tailed, yang diukur oleh 36 aitem Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) dan 59 aitem Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (PSQ) ? refined version. Hasil tersebut berarti semakin tinggi strategi pengasuhan yang dimiliki orangtua, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua. Implikasi dari penelitian ini akan didiskusikan selanjutnya.

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Researches have shown the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children in America. Culture differences between America and Asia brings this study to find the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy in Asia, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children. Participants in this study were 302 parents in age range from 25 to 45, who have child at middle childhood age (5-12 years old). Parenting self-efficacy is parents? estimation of their competences in parenting or parents? perception of their ability to provide positive influence in child behavior and child development (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), and parenting strategies are various forms of parents? behavior to direct and affect child?s behavior (Laforce, 2004). Statistical techniques that used in this study was Pearson correlation. The result of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy in parents with child at middle childhood age, with coefficient correlation r = + 0.221, p < 0.01, one-tailed, as measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) and 59 aitems of Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (PSQ) - refined version. This result shows the higher parents parenting strategies, then the higher level of parenting self efficacy in parents. Implication of this study are discussed."

"Pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh orangtua terhadap anak memiliki hubungan dengan pengalaman keterlibatan orangtua di masa lalu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan orangtua (ayah dan ibu) yaitu instrumental, ekspresif, dan mentoring/advising terhadap parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Persepsi keterlibatan orangtua merupakan sejauh mana orangtua menunjukkan perilaku yang menandakan bahwa mereka ikut berpartisipasi dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan anak. Parenting self-efficacy merupakan persepsi dalam memandang kemampuannya yang dapat memengaruhi perilaku dan perkembangan anak secara positif. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran persepsi keterlibatan orangtua menggunakan alat ukur Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) dan Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), sedangkan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 302 orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya dan berada di rentang usia 25-45 tahun yang diperoleh dengan teknik convenience sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan ayah yang signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 3,959, p<0,01. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan ibu yang signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 2,858, p<0,05. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan orangtua meningkatkan keterlibatannya dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan anak dan memberikan pengasuhan yang positif bagi anak-anak mereka.

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Parenting correlates with how ones parent involve in childhood experience. This research was conducted to determine the influence of the three dimensions of perceived parental involvement (father and mother) that is instrumental, expressive, and mentoring/advising on parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children. Perceived parental involvement refers to the extent to which parents participate in various aspects of their children?s lives. Parenting self-efficacy is parents perceptions of their ability to positively influence the behavior and development of their children. Perceived parental involvement was measured by Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) and Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Participants in this study were 302 parents aged 25-45 years with middle childhood children are obtained through convenience sampling technique. This research used quantitive method. The results showed that there was a significant influence of three dimensions of perceived father involvement on parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 3,959, p<0,01, also there was a significant influences of three dimensions of perceived mother involvement on parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 2,858, p<0,05. The implication of this research is parent are expected to increase their involvement in various aspects of their children's lives and provide positive parenting to their children.

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"Orang tua dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus cenderung mengalami tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi akibat peningkatan beban pengasuhan. Kondisi tersebut cenderung dilampiaskan kepada anak, berupa perilaku menyakiti anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres pengasuhan pada orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus dengan peluang melakukan abuse pada anaknya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Parental Stress Scale (PSS) dan kuesioner Peluang Abuse yang valid dan reliabel. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 75 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres pengasuhan dengan peluang melakukan abuse (p value= 0,028;α= 0,05). Perempuan berpeluang lebih besar untuk melakukan abuse dibandingkan laki-laki. Orang tua yang pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang metode pengasuhan berpeluang lebih rendah untuk melakukan abuse. Maka, perawat perlu mengedukasi orang tua terutama ibu mengenai metode pengasuhan dan manajemen stres untuk mengurangi peluang mereka melakukan abuse.

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Parents of children with special needs tend to experience higher levels of stress due to increased burden of care. This condition tends to be directed at children, such as child-injurious behavior. This study examines the relationship between parenting stress in parents of children with special needs and the opportunity to abuse his/her children. This study use descriptive method with cross sectional approach. Collecting data using Parental Stress Scale (PSS) and Opportunity Abuse questionnaires. These samples included 75 individuals who have been selected with a total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test.

The results showed a correlation between levels of parenting stress with a chance to abuse (p value=0.028; α=0.05). Women are higher potentially to commit abuse than men. Parents who have got knowledge about parenting are lower potentially to commit abuse. Thus, nurses need to educate parents, especially mothers about parenting and stress management to reduce their chances to commit abuse."