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"Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) sound is on of TMJ dysfunction symptom that often reported by patient. The most common causes are considered to be poor coordination in lateral pterygoid muscle function, displacement of articular disc and irregularities in articular surface (articular eminence and condyle). A rescent study has reported that unilateral chewing habit caused differential loading when mandibular was moved. This may lead disc discplacement or dislocation and joint sounds in closing and/or opening movement. the purpose of this study was to clarify the relationshiop between unilateral chewing habit with presence of TMJ sounds. The subjects were 114 female and 14 male who study in Faculty of Dentistry- University of Indonesia with age, varying from 18-22 years old. Result, 45 subject (35,2%) have clicking or popping sounds and 20 subject (15,6%) have crepitation sound. Pearson Chi-square test shown that P was 0.413 for clicking or popping sounds and 0.352 for crepitation sound, P>0.05. In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between unilateral chewing habit with presence of TMJ sounds.

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Salah satu gejala gangguan sendi tempomandibula (STM) yang sering dirasakan oleh penderita adalah bunyi sendi. Penyebab bunyi tersebut diyakini akibat buruknya koordinasi otot pterigoideus lateralis, displacement diskus artikularis dan iregularitas permukaan artikulasi (eminensia artikularis dan kondilus). Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya dinyatakan bahwa kebiasaan mengunyah unilateral dapat menyebabkan ketidak seimbangan distribusi beban kunyah saat mandibula digerakkan, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya displacement atau dislokasi pada diskus dan bunyi saat membuka dan atau menutup mulut. Dengan demikian penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan mengunyah unilateral dengan terjadinya bunyi STM, yang dilakukan pada 128 subjek penelitian mahasiswa FKG UI umur 18-22 tahun yang terdiri dari 114 subjek perempuan dan 14 subjek laki-laki. Didapat hasil, sebanyak 45 orang (35,2%) memiliki bunyi click atau pop dan sebanyak 20 orang (15,6%) memiliki bunyi krepitasi (kresek-kresek). Pada analisa statistik menggunakan uji Pearson Chi-Square, menunjukkan nilai P adalah 0.413 untuk bunyi click atau pop dan 0.352 untuk bunyi krepitasi (kresek-kresek), P>0,05. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan mengunyah unilateral dengan terjadinya bunyi STM."

"Joint sound is one of the signs of the temporomandibular joint disorder dan its characteristics are tought to be able to establish the gravity of the disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between the sound characteristics - its pitch and intensity - and the gravity of the temporomandibular joint disorder. The subjects of this research were 54 students who fulfilled the criteria included in the basic questionnaire which was distributed among all the 4th and 6th semester dental students of Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia. The gravity of the disorder was obtained from the subjective as well as the objective examination, using Helkimo index. 108 joint sound samples of the left and right joint were recorded during opening and closing movement of the mandible, using a modified stethoscope which was connected to a personal computer. The analysis of the joint sound characteristics was done with audio analysis software Cool Edit 2000. A one wat anova test showed a significant relation between the gravity of temporomandibular joint disorder and the intensity of the joint sound (p<0.05). The gravity of the disorder was equivalent to the intensity of the sound, however there was no significant relation between the joint sound pitch and the gravity of the temporomandibular joint disorder. It was concluded that the joint sound intensity was worthy of further study as a sign of diagnostic value."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi kecemasan pada mahasiswa lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada populasi umum. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain faktor akademis, status sosioekonomi, faktor budaya, moral, psikologis, dan biologis. Tingginya tingkat kecemasan juga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa, serta mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin, status sosioekonomi (tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan jumlah pendapatan keluarga), dan faktor budaya (asal daerah) dengan kecemasan dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa.Metode: Studi dengan desain cross-sectional berupa kuesioner online, yang disebarkan pada bulan November 2021 kepada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia dengan jumlah responden 527 mahasiswa. Kuesioner yang diberikan merupakan State-Trait Anxiety Inventory yang terdiri dari 2 bagian dengan total 40 pertanyaan dan berfungsi untuk mengukur kecemasan, serta Temporomandibular Disorder Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) yang berjumlah 8 pertanyaan dan digunakan untuk mengukur gangguan sendi temporomandibula.Hasil Penelitian: Uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0.05) kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Uji korelasi kendall menunjukkan kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, memiliki korelasi bermakna yang bersifat positif dan lemah terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0.05) jenis kelamin terhadap kecemasan,baik A-State maupun A-Trait. Kemudian, uji korelasi kendall menunjukkan jenis kelamin memiliki korelasi bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecemasan. Namun, uji continuity correctionmenunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna (p 0.05) jenis kelamin terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Uji chi-square juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p 0.05) status sosioekonomi (tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan jumlah pendapatan keluarga) dan faktor budaya (asal daerah) terhadap kecemasan dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa. Terdapat pula hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, pada mahasiswa. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula, serta status sosioekonomi (tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan jumlah pendapatan keluarga) dan faktor budaya (asal daerah) dengan kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa.

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Background: The prevalence of anxiety in college students are higher than in general population. This can be influenced by several factors, including academic, socioeconomic status, cultural, moral, and also biological factors. The high level of anxiety also increases the risk of temporomandibular disorder in college students.

Objective: This study aims to find out the association between anxiety and temporomandibular disorder, and also find out the association between gender, socioeconomic status (parental education and monthly family income), and cultural factor (origin) with anxiety and temporomandibular disorder in college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using online questionnaire of 527 students from University of Indonesia, that conducted on November 2021. There are two given questionnaires, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that consisted of two part and 40 questions in total to assess anxiety, and Temporomandibular Disorder Diagnostic Index that consisted of 8 questions tao assess temporomandibular disorder.

Result: The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of temporomandibular disorder based on anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait. The kendall correlation test showed that temporomandibular disorder, have positive and weak statistically significant correlation to anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait. The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait, based on gender. The kendall correlation test also showed that gender, have positive and weak statistically significant correlation to anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait. However, the continuity correction test showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p 0.05) of temporomandibular disorder based on gender. The chi-square test also showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p 0.05) of anxiety, either A-State and A-Trait, and temporomandibular disorder based on socioeconomic status (parental education and monthly family income) and cultural factor (origin).

Conclusion: There was an association between anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait, and temporomandibular disorder, as well as gender and anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait, in college students. However, no association was found between gender and temporomandibular disorder, as well as socioeconomic status (parental education and monthly family income) and cultural factor (origin) with anxiety,either A-State or A-Trait, and temporomandibular disorder in college students. "

"Bruxism adalah serangkaian aktifitas kontraksi otot rahang saat tidur yang bersifat ritmik, singkat, dan kuat, terjadi pada posisi sentris maupun eksentris rahang. Bruxism merupakan salah satu etiologi gangguan sendi temporomandibula (STM), namun bagaimana mekanisme dan hubungannya dengan gejala gangguan STM masih menjadi kontroversi dan belum jelas. Tujuan dari penelitian cross sectional ini adalah untuk mencari hubungan antara bruxism dan nyeri atau kaku STM pada mahasiswa preklinik FKGUI tahun 2007. Penelitian dilakukan di FKGUI, dimulai dari akhir November sampai minggu pertama Desember 2007, melibatkan 128 subyek penelitian yang dipilih berdasarkan random sampling. Subyek diminta menjawab 3 kuesioner yang diadaptasi dari RDC (Research Diagnostic Index), Diagnostic Index dan Oral Parafunction dan data kemudian dianalisa enggunakan uji Fisher.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi bruxism sebesar 15.6%, yang mengalami nyeri atau kaku STM 8.6%, yang sering mengalami kaku sesaat di sekitar STM pada pagi hari saat bangun tidur 3.1%, dan yang jarang 22.7%. Untuk bruxism dan gejala nyeri atau kaku STM, hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p=0.376 (p>0.05) dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan antara bruxism dan nyeri STM. Hasil analisis hubungan antara bruxism dan kaku sesaat di sekitar STM pada pagi hari saat bangun tidur menunjukkan nilai p=0.498 (p>0.05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan antara bruxism dan kaku sesaat di sekitar STM pada pagi hari saat bangun tidur. Sebagai kesimpulan, dapat dikatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara bruxism dan nyeri atau kaku STM pada mahasiswa preklinik FKGUI tahun 2007.

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Bruxism is a sleep-associated series of rhythmic, brief, strong contractions of the jaw muscles occurring in either centric or eccentric jaw position. Bruxism is one of the etiologies of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but the mechanism and its relationship with TMD symptoms are still controversial and unclear. The purpose of this cross sectional observation is to describe the relationship between bruxism and pain stiffness of TMJ in preclinical dental students of University of Indonesia in 2007. The observation was done from the end of November until the first week of December 2007 at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. One hundred and twenty eight subjects were selected by simple random sampling method and answered three questionnaires adopted from the RDC (Research Diagnostic Criteria), Diagnostic Index and Oral Parafunction. The data was analyzed by Fisher`s test.The results showed that bruxism prevalence was 15.6%, TMJ pain or stiffness was 8.6%, often experienced jaw stiffness when waking up in the morning was 3.1%, and 22.7% seldom experienced this symptom. Result for testing the relationship between bruxism and TMJ pain or stiffness was p=0.376 (p>0.05), hence we can conclude that there is no relationship between bruxism and TMJ pain or stiffness. Result for testing the relationship between bruxism and jaw stiffness when waking up in the morning was p=0.498 (p>0.05), which means that there is also no relationship between bruxism and jaw stiffness when waking up in the morning. In conclusion, there was no relationship between bruxism and pain or stiffness of TMJ on preclinical dental students of University of Indonesia in 2007."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 421-426Temporomandibular joint disorder may be caused by variety of factors; one of which is the posture of head and neck. However, the remains controversial and a subject of debate by experts. The objective of this study was to know whether there was a relation between temporomandibular disorders and the head and neck posture seen radiographically. Subject were 40 dental students from University of Indonesia who met the inclusion criteria, selected through questionnaire, and subjective examinations based on Helkimo's dysfuction index. Then, lateral cephalometries radiographic were done to all subjects. In the radiogram, a horizontal line was made from the nasion point to the sella tursica, and a vertical line was drawn along the prominent bone of C1 - C5. The angle between the two lines was measured, and used to represent the head and neck posture. The design of the study was cross sectional. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the anamnestic dysfunction index as well as the clinical dysfunction index that represented the temporomandibular joint disorders and the posture of head and neck seen radiographically."

"Latar Belakang: Gangguan sendi temporomandibula memiliki etiologi yang kompleks dan multifaktorial, salah satunya adalah stres. Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 stres mahasiswa meningkat karena adanya perubahan sistem pembelajaran dari tatap muka menjadi daring. Penelitian mengenai hubungan stres mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula belum pernah dikaji sebelumnya.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara stres mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula, mengetahui hubungan gangguan sendi temporomandibula dengan jenis kelamin selama pembelajaran daring, dan mengetahui hubungan antara gangguan sendi temporomandibula dengan durasi, dan frekuensi pembelajaran daring.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 351 mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Partisipan penelitian diberikan dua buah kuesioner, yaitu Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) versi bahasa Indonesia untuk mengukur stres dan Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) untuk mengukur gangguan sendi temporomandibula.Hasil Penelitian: Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara stres mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula (p<0.05). Uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara gangguan sendi temporomandibula dengan jenis kelamin selama pembelajaran daring (p>0.05). Uji Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara gangguan sendi temporomandibula dengan durasi dan frekuensi pembelajaran daring (p>0.05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara stres mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula.

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Background: Temporomandibular disorders has complex and multifactorial etiology, particularly stress. During pandemic COVID-19 student stress has increased by changes in learning system from face-to-face into e-learning. The study to analyze the relationship between student stress during e-learning and temporomandibular disorders never been conducted.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship of student stress during e-learning and temporomandibular disorders, analyze the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and gender during e-learning, and analyze the relationship between temporomandibular disorders with duration and frequency of e-learning.

Methods: The number of 351 students of Universitas Indonesia participated in this cross- sectional study. Each participant is given two questionnaires. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Indonesian version to assess stress and TMD-DI to assess temporomandibular disorders.

Result: The Mann-Whitney test showed there was a relationship between student stress during e-learning learning and temporomandibular disorders (p<0.05). Chi- square test showed there was no relationship between temporomandibular disorders and gender during e-learning (p>0.05). Chi-square test showed there was no relationship between temporomandibular disorders with duration and frequency of e-learning (p> 0.05).

Conclusions: There was a relationship between student stress during e-learning and temporomandibular disorders."

"Latar Belakang: SARS-CoV-2 menyebabkan pandemi COVID-19 yang telah menyebar di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Pandemi membuat masyarakat umum menderita masalah psikologis, salah satunya adalah kecemasan. Kecemasan dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari pembatasan sosial serta paparan media yang berlebihan. Kecemasan sendiri merupakan salah satu Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula di masa pandemi COVID-19 pada masyarakat Jabodetabek dan menganalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi (usia dan jenis kelamin) dengan tingkat kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula di masa Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang pada 421 masyarakat Jabodetabek. Partisipan mengisi kuesioner Coronavirus Anxiety Scale bahasa Indonesia untuk mengukur kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 serta Indeks Diagnostik Temporomandibular Disorder untuk mengukur gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara daring melalui google form pada bulan November 2021 hingga Desember 2021. Hasil Penelitian: Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan tingkat kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula di masa pandemi COVID-19 pada masyarakat Jabodetabek (p=0.151). Uji Chi-Square juga menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara usia dengan tingkat kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 (p=1) serta jenis kelamin dengan tingkat kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 (p=0.719). Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara usia dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula (p=0.008), namun tidak pada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula (p=0.137).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula di masa pandemi COVID-19 pada masyarakat Jabodetabek. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi (usia dan jenis kelamin) dengan kecemasan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 di masa pandemi COVID-19 pada masyarakat Jabodetabek. Terdapat hubungan antara usia dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula, namun tidak antara jenis kelamin dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula di masa pandemi COVID-19 pada masyarakat Jabodetabek.

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 causes the COVID-19 pandemic which has spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. The pandemic makes the general public suffer from psychological problems, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety can occur as a result of social impact as well as excessive media exposure. Anxiety is one of many risk factors for temporomandibular joint disorders.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the association between anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 and temporomandibular joint disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jabodetabek population and analyzing the association between sociodemographic factors (age and gender) and anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 as well as temporomandibular joint disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jabodetabek population.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted to 421 Jabodetabek population. Participant filled out the Indonesian Coronavirus Anxiety Scale questionnaire to assess the anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 and the Indeks Diagnostik Temporomandibular Disorder to assess the temporomandibular joint disorder. Data were collected online via google form in November 2021 until December 2021.

Result: The Chi-Square test showed that the anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 did not have a significant association with temporomandibular joint disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jabodetabek population (p=0.151). The Chi-Square test also showed a non-significant association between age and anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 (p=1) as well as gender and anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 (p=0.719). The Chi-Square test showed a significant association between age and temporomandibular joint disorders (p=0.008), but not on the association between gender and temporomandibular joint disorders (p=0.137).

Conclusion: There was no association found between anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 and temporomandibular joint disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jabodetabek Population. There was no association found between sociodemographic factors (age and gender) and anxiety levels against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jabodetabek population. There was an association found between age and temporomandibular joint disorders, however no association was found between gender and temporomandibular joint disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jabodetabek population."

"Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a fusion of the glenoid fossa and capsular surface of the joint that involved condyle and discus as a result of the formation of fibrous tissue or bone formation. This condition caused the mandible could not translate from the fossa. This condition reduced mouth opening that range from partial to complete immobility of the jaw. Ankylosis can be duvided into two types, intracapsular and extracapsular ankylosis. This case reported a condylectomy of an adult patient with ankylosis for eight years. It resulted maximum opening mouth approximately 32 mm."

"Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) usually has non-specific signs and symptoms. The patient generally can only feel the pain, and thus complains about the stomatognatic problems without knowing the cause and the source. When the patient's chied compaint is pain, it is important to identify the source of the problem in order to provide appropriate treatment. Applied treatments for TMD can vary enormously. A female patient, age 35, came to the prosthodontic clinic with the chief complaints of pain in the right joint and limitation in mouth opening for past 7 years. In the last 2 weeks, the complaints worsened. With light pressure she could still open her mouth wider but showing deviations. She also complained about headache, tension in the forehead region, and muscle pain in the upper back body. The patient also reported that she has been chewing only on the right side for more than 20 years. Lateral transcranial x-ray showed that there were no visible structural or positional disorders. Thus, jaw exercise was decided as the initial therapy for the patient. WIthin one week, all complaints dissapeared. It was concluded that jaw exercise was a very useful form of treatment for TMD provided that the correct diagnosis is established."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan mengunyah dan asimetri vertikal kondilus pada pasien TMD. Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang di klinik Prostodonsia RSKGM FKG UI menggunakan data sekunder dari empat puluh rekam medik dan gambaran radiografik pasien TMD. Tracing gambaran radiografi panoramik dilakukan untuk menilai asimetri vertikal kondilus pada subjek menggunakan Indeks Asimetri Habets dan Simetri Indeks Kjellberg.Hasil penilaian asimetri vertikal kondilus kemudian dihubungkan dengan kebiasaan mengunyah, Indeks Helkimo, dan DC/TMD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan mengunyah dan asimetri vertikal kondilus pada pasien TMD.

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ABSTRACTThis study was performed to analize the relationship betweenchewing preferences and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. A cross-sectional study at Prosthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia using secondary data obtain from forty TMD patients's medical record and panoramic radiograph was conducted. The panoramic radiograph were traced on tracing paper to evaluate condylar asymmetry using Asymmetry Index of Habets and Symmetry Index of Kjellberg. The evaluation of condylar asymetry were then related to chewing preference, Helkimo?s Index, and DC/TMD.There was no relationship found between chewing preference and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. , This study was performed to analize the relationship betweenchewing preferences and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. A cross-sectional study at Prosthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia using secondary data obtain from forty TMD patients’s medical record and panoramic radiograph was conducted. The panoramic radiograph were traced on tracing paper to evaluate condylar asymmetry using Asymmetry Index of Habets and Symmetry Index of Kjellberg. The evaluation of condylar asymetry were then related to chewing preference, Helkimo’s Index, and DC/TMD.There was no relationship found between chewing preference and condylar asymmetry in patients with TMD. ]"