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"The role of hydrology in development is realized by the provision of high quality hydrological data time series. However, in last decade, quality of these hydrological data tend to decrease indicated by the frequent field data error or error in field data processing..."

"George Ritzer?s McDonaldization of Society, now celebrating its 20th anniversary, continues to stand as one of the pillars of modern day sociological thought. By linking theory to 21st century culture, this book resonates with students in a way that few other books do, opening their eyes to many current issues, especially in consumption and globalization. As in previous editions, the book has been updated and it offers new discussions of, among others, In-N-Out- Burger and Pret A Manger as possible antitheses of McDonaldization. The biggest change, however, is that the book has been radically streamlined to offer an even clearer articulation of the now-famous McDonaldization thesis."

"Pembangunan Bendungan Temef di Desa Oenino Kecamatan Oenino dan Desa Konbaki Kecamatan Polen Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan membutuhkan ketersediaan data curah hujan yang cukup panjang dan handal. Untuk mengatasi minimnya dan atau tidak tersedianya data hujan otomatis (ARR) serta data debit dalam beberapa tahun terakhir maka dapat digunakan data pengamatan satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Keakuratan analisis curah hujan TRMM diperoleh apabila terdapat parameter kesesuaian dan kecocokan dengan data yang tercatat di pos hujan. Untuk DAS Temef, terdapat enam pos stasiun hujan yang ditinjau, yakni Stasiun Hujan Fatumnasi, Oeoh, Noelnoni, Polen, Nifukani, dan Batinifukoko. Perbandingan langsung dilakukan terhadap pengamatan data hujan untuk periode 20 tahun (1998-2018) terhadap data berbasis bulanan dan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola hujan pada produk data TRMM (versi 3B42V7) cenderung konsisten pada 3 pos hujan, yaitu Noelnoni, Fatumnasi, dan Batinifukoko. Pemeriksaan data TRMM untuk data hujan bulanan diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,505 – 0,813 dan untuk data hujan harian diperoleh tingkat faktor koreksi sebesar 0,0056 – 0,0129. Pada pemeriksaan data Hujan Harian Maksimum Tahunan (HHMT) didapatkan faktor koreksi 0,0298 – 0,2516. Data TRMM pada basis bulanan dan harian memberikan kesesuaian yang cukup baik dengan data dari 3 pos hujan, namun pada pemeriksaan data HHMT hasil yang kurang baik diperoleh untuk pos hujan Noelnoni."

"Curah hujan merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam proses hidrologi. Namun, variabilitas spasialnya tidak bisa diwakilkan oleh satu stasiun pengukur hujan. Variabilitas ini makin tidak merata pada area pegunungan. Salah satunya adalah DAS Ciliwung Hulu yang berada pada elevasi 297-2982 mpdl. Penggunaan radar cuaca dalam mengukur curah hujan mampu memberikan informasi detail mengenai variabilitas spasial. Namun, data curah hujan berbasis radar cuaca perlu diuji kesesuaiannya sebelum dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesesuaian curah hujan berbasis radar cuaca dengan curah hujan berdasarkan stasiun pengukur hujan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data curah hujan dari stasiun pengukur hujan dan radar cuaca. Uji kesesuaian dilakukan menggunakan Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). Data curah hujan harian berbasis stasiun pengukur hujan akan dibentuk dalam peta isohyet yang setiap pikselnya akan dibandingkan dengan data curah hujan dari radar cuaca yang telah diakumulasi menjadi hujan harian. Pengujian dilakukan pada setiap tanggal terpilih berdasarkan ketersediaan data. Perolehan NSE sebesar -0.56 hingga -∞ sehingga data curah hujan berbasis radar cuaca belum sesuai dengan stasiun pengukur hujan. Namun, data curah hujan yang telah dibentuk menjadi peta isohyet telah mengabaikan variabilitas spasial yang dapat digambarkan oleh hasil radar cuaca. Maka, penelitian dilanjutkan dengan membandingkan data curah hujan pada setiap lokasi stasiun pengukur hujan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu dan sekitarnya. Perolehan NSE masih bervariasi dari -64,09 hingga -275712,96 sehingga data curah hujan dari kedua metode masih belum sesuai. Terakhir, pengujian dilakukan kembali dengan penyesuaian rerata aritmatik. Hasil NSE ada pada 0,05 hingga -16314.61. Maka, metode rerata aritmatik belum dapat menyesuaikan data curah hujan dari kedua metode.

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Rainfall is one of the most important parameters in hydrological processes. However, the spatial variability cannot be represented by a single rain gauge station. This variability is increasingly uneven in mountainous areas. One of the mountainous areas in Indonesia is the Upper Ciliwung Watershed which is at an elevation of 297-2982 msl. The use of weather radar in measuring rainfall is able to provide detailed information about spatial variability. However, weather radar-based rainfall data needs to be analyzed for suitability before it can be used. This study aims to examine the suitability of rainfall based on weather radar with rainfall based on rain gauge stations in the Upper Ciliwung watershed. The data used is rainfall data from rain gauge stations and weather radar. The suitability test was carried out using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). Daily rainfall data based on rain gauge stations will be formed in isohyet maps where each pixel will be compared with rainfall data from weather radar that has been accumulated into daily rainfall. Tests are carried out on each selected date based on data availability. The NSE gain is -0.56 to -∞ so that the weather radar-based rainfall data is not compatible with the rain gauge. However, the rainfall data that has been formed into an isohyet map has neglected the spatial variability that can be described by weather radar. So, the research was continued by comparing rainfall data at each rain gauge station location in the Upper Ciliwung watershed and its surroundings. The NSE values are still varies from -64.09 to -275712.96 so that the rainfall data from the two methods are still not compatible. Finally, the test is carried out again by adjusting with the arithmetic mean method. The NSE result is between 0.05 and -16314.61. Thus, the arithmetic mean method cannot adjust the rainfall data from the weather radar to compatible with the rain gauge."

"Water resources development requires climatology data including rainfall. Rainfall as the main input to a catchment affects to the river flow at the catchment of interest. Therefore, rainfall analysis should be conducted carefully to get the most accurate results. Number of methods are widely used for calculating the mean areal rainfall. Choosing the most accurate method among the available method is needed in order to get the accurate catchment rainfall used as an input of rainfall-runoff model such as Rainrun model. In this paper, effect of catchment rainfall calculated using arithmatic and Polygon Thiessen on the accuracy of depenable-flow resulted from Rainrun model is presented. Gajahwong catchment at Papringan is selected for the study.The results show that number of rainfall stasions and the method used for the analysis affect to the accuracy both catchment rainfall and dependent flow. Minimum rainfall station numbers used for analysis by using Polygon Thiessen method is 5 stations. It gives 2.5% deviation Q80% compared to the observed data. For the arithmatic method, the minimum number of stations is 6 stations. It yield 8.3% deviation of Q80% compared to the observed data."