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"Tesis ini membahas tentang rencana penerapan tarif pajak tunggal 28% terhadap penghasilan Wajib Pajak (WP) Badan di Indonesia seperti yang tercantum dalam rancangan amandemen Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan, khususnya ditinjau dari tingkat kesediaan WP membayar pajak (willingness of people to pay tax) dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dalam tesis ini dimaksudkan untuk menghitung tingkat probabilitas kesedian WP membayar pajak dengan tarif tunggal 28% dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya serta implikasi yang ditimbulkan terhadap penerimaan pajak dengan menggunakan data hasil survai terhadap WP yang terdaftar di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tngkat probabilitas WP Badan bersedia membayar pajak dengan tarif 28% adalah tinggi, yaitu sebesar 74,11%. Disamping itu juga diketahui bahwa faktor-faktor seperti persepsi terhadap keadilan (fairness), tingkat penghasilan, dan tarif pajak marjinal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara statistik namun berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap tingkat probabilitas WP Badan bersedia membayar pajak dengan tarif 28%. Ada pun pengaruh kompleksitas peraturan perpajakan (complexity) terhadap tingkat probabilitas WP Badan bersedia membayar pajak dengan trif 28% adalah negatif dan tidak signifikan secara statistik (tidak terlalu besar). Di sisi lain persepsi terhadap tingkat probabilitas WP Badan bersedia membayar pajak dengan tarif 28%. Hasil estimasi mengindikasikan kemungkinan adanya faktor-faktor lain di luar enam faktor yang menjadi variabel penelitian ini yang memiliki kaitan dengan tingkat kepatuhan WP dalam membayar pajak. tingkat probabilitas WP Badan bersedia membayar pajak dengan tarif 28% sebesar 74,11% akan berdampak positif bagi penerimaan pajak jika pemerintah mampu mengupayakan adanya sistem perpajakan yang meminimalkan upaya penghindaran pajak oleh WP."

"Monetary crisis on mid 97 in Indonesia have evolved to multidimentional crisis becoming a a dark beginning for economic and business in Indonesia. Now, eventhough Indonesia has recovered bit by bit but the effect of the crisis still impacting on Indonesia economic many companies suffer from financial loss and many companies also go in bankruptcy. Meanwhile, it's a company obligation to pay tax and our duty as a good citizen for developing our country economic.These matters often became a dilemma for a company, especially for a company in recovery and reorganizing state. Because of these matters, we need tax planning to minimize tax that have to pay company has to pay , but all of that have to be under tax regulation.

The purpose of this thesis are to explain about tax planning for taxpayer using regulation abot right of the taxpayer, which is handled by regulations. Because this thesis using case study of PT X, so we only observed tax planning action of PT X such as : revaluation of fixed assets and import tax-free according to PPh article 22. Beside that the purpose are to analyze PT X Tax Planning whether in the tax regulation or not and analyzing the tax saving of PT X by using PT X right as a taxpayer.

The type of research we use in this thesis are descriptive analytic with data gathering such as field research and library research which is from literature books, magazine, journal, tax regulation, ministerial regulation, letter of taxation directory general and intents interview under strictly guidance with auditor of company PT X, Tax Consultant, Tax Authority, and scholars.

Some research finding are ; (1)Tax planning from PT X using tax free PPh article 22 and revaluation of fixed assets are the right of PT X as a taxpayer, (2) Tax planning mechanism iifom PT X still under the tax regulation, because it isn?t violating the tax regulation, (3) Income tax saving from PT X, using taxpayer right such as import tax free PPh article 22 and revaluation of fixed assets causing a good significan result. With import tax Hee PPh article 22, PT X has made good efficiency of cash How and time value of money. By using outgoing fund in investment, PT X will gain retum for the investments. Revaluation of Fixed assets is very efficient for optimizing loss carry-forward, avoiding the PPh article 25 (board). Besides, in the future PT X can charge the depreciation cost from the fixed assets reevaluating so can decreased the total debt.

From the explanation above, the recommendation for PT X is the company has to increased the understanding about taxation regulation due to tax planning, and follow up with all changes, So PT X could find a good opportunity from tax planning and PT X could gain tax saving. In the other side, Goverment has also increased the competency of appraisal and giving import tax free PPh article 22 selectively."

"Bagi perusahaan, pajak yang dikenakan terhadap penghasilan yang diterima atau diperoleh dapat dianggap sebagai biaya (cost) atau beban (expense) dalam menjalankan usaha. Biaya pajak akan menurunkan laba setelah pajak (after tax profits), tingkat pengembalian (rate of returns), dan arus kas (cash flows). Minimalisasi beban pajak kemudian dilakukan perusahaan dengan melakukan suatu perencanaan pajak (tax planning). Umumnya perencanaan pajak merujuk pada proses merekayasa usaha dan transaksi Wajib Pajak supaya utang pajak berada dalam jumlah yang minimal, tetapi masih dalam bingkai peraturan perpajakan. Upaya yang demikian kerap disebut sebagai penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance).Di banyak negara, penghindaran pajak dibagi menjadi penghindaran pajak yang diperbolehkan (acceptable tax avoidance) dan yang tidak diperbolehkan (unacceptable tax avoidance). Perbedaan keduanya timbul dari motivasi si Wajib Pajak, atau dari ada tidaknya moral hazard dari Wajib Pajak. Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan (UU PPh) yang berlaku saat ini belum memberikan definisi yang jelas mengenai penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance), penghindaran penghindaran pajak yang diperbolehkan (acceptable tax avoidance), penghindaran pajak yang tidak diperbolehkan (unacceptable tax avoidance), dan penyelundupan pajak (tax evasion). Hal ini menimbulkan penafsiran yang berbeda antara Wajib Pajak dan otoritas pajak, sehingga tidak terdapat kepastian hukum. Dari sudut pandang Wajib Pajak, mereka akan berpendapat bahwa sepanjang perbuatan tax avoidance yang mereka lakukan tidak dilarang, maka hal tersebut sah-sah saja (legal). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yang menghasilkan kajian preskriptif.Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa Indonesia perlu membuat Peraturan Umum Anti Penghindaran Pajak atau General Anti Avoidance Rule (GAAR) yang terintegrasi dalam Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan, yang memberikan definisi mengenai tax avoidance, acceptable tax avoidance, unacceptable tax avoidance, dan tax evasion demi mencapai kepastian hukum bagi fiskus dan Wajib Pajak, karena tax avoidance sering disalahgunkan untuk hal-hal yang merugikan penerimaan negara. Selain itu, perlu segera dikeluarkan peraturan-peraturan pelaksanaan akan Peraturan Khusus Anti Penghindaran Pajak atau Specific Anti Avoidance Rule (GAAR) yang dimiliki Indonesia dalam Pasal 18 UU PPh, dan tersebar pada pasal-pasal lainnya seperti Pasal 4 ayat (1), Pasal 4 ayat (3), dan Pasal 6 ayat (1).

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Every companies can deem the income tax as cost or expense in running the business. Tax will decrease after tax profits, rate of returns, and cash flow. The company then try to minimize their burden of tax by doing what so called "tax planning". Commonly, the tax planning make reference to process of cooking business and transactions, so the tax duty is minimum amount, but still in tax regulation-frame. That kind of process is frequently called "tax avoidance".In many countries, tax avoidance is distinguished into "acceptable tax avoidance" and "un acceptable tax avoidance". Their difference depends on taxpayer's motivation, or from wether or not there is moral hazard. Law No. 36 of 2008 abourt Income Tax has not given clear definition about tax avoidance, acceptable tax avoidance, unacceptable tax avoidance, and tax evasion. This creates a different interpretation between taxpayer and tax authority, and makes no legal certainty. Taxpayer will have a notion that as far as no forbidden in tax avoidance, then that process is legal. This study is a normative study which results a prescriptive study.The study gives some advices that Indonesia has to make a General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR) that is integrated in Indonesian Income Tax Law. GAAR will give some definitons about tax avoidance, acceptable tax avoidance, unacceptable tax avoidance, and tax evasion, so that the legal certainty can be achieved. Otherwise, there is a need to create the implementation regulation for Indonesian Specific anti-Avoidance Rule (SAAR), which is attached in article 4 par. 1, article 4 par. 3, article 6 par. 1, and article 18 of Income Tax Law."

"Our country is rich with its natural resources. One of its biggest is in Mining Field. To process this mining resource we need a very big investment. Therefore, we need an investor, whether it?s local investor or foreign investor. In order to invite investor to invest, our government should provide some easy access and legal assurance.

One of government?s action in exploiting this natural resource (coal mine) is in form of Perjanjian Karya Pengusaha Pertambangan Batubara (PKP2B) / (Agreements of Coal Mining Organizations). This PKP2B is Lex Specialist, so that the legal assurance for Contractor will be fulfilled. Even though, in action this condition / situation are more likely to be neglected.

The main problem in this thesis is how to consider Value Added Tax in Tax Regulation/Law for PKP2B companies, and what obstacles there are upon the implementation. In discussing/reviewing the problem, first we will lay out some opinions from experts in regards to the collection of VAT. We will then relate this theory to the research method used in this thesis, which is analysis descriptive, with library approach on consideration. In actual/in real, the implementation of this Value Added Tax is not as theory that can cause the unbalanced/unfairness to tax payer and can make investor have doubt of government interest in giving assurance of law.

The summary showed that VAT policy on PKP2B formally has gone in accordance to current laws. Even so, in actual, the implementation still has many uncertainty for Contractors of PKP2B, this situation can distract the economic growth, in specific will be in the field of mining.

As a suggestion, tax collection should give an assurance of law, neutral and fair. Therefore, the government should make some changes and make perfect to it. Also in applying VAT to contractor of PKP2B, attention should be given to the regulations and rules used by PKP2B, so there would be no parties getting out of business."

"Pertumbuhan angka pengguna internet di Indonesia memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan belanja secara daring. Tercatat 88,1% dari 202,6 juta pengguna internet di Indonesia pernah menggunakan layanan berbelanja e-commerce pada April 2021. Selain itu, negara Indonesia menempati urutan ketujuh pertumbuhan e-commerce tercepat di dunia. Fenomena ini ditambah lagi dengan jumlah penjual di e-commerce sebanyak 16 juta dan munculnya hari belanja online nasional. Shopee adalah salah satu marketplace terbesar yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Hal-hal inilah memunculkan pertanyaan yaitu terkait dengan masalah kepatuhan pajak penghasilan pelaku usaha di e-commerce. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemahaman wajib, sanksi pajak, dan tarif pajak terhadap kepatuhan formal pajak penghasilan pelaku usaha Shopee di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma positivisme, pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode pengumpulan data survei. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah non-probabilita sampling yaitu convenience sampling sejumlah 385 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik ketiga faktor independen yaitu pemahaman wajib pajak, sanksi pajak, dan tarif pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan formal pajak penghasilan. Selain itu, pemahaman wajib pajak, sanksi pajak, dan tarif pajak memiliki keeratan yang sangat tinggi dengan kepatuhan formal. Hasil koefisien determinasi menunjukkan variabel dependen dapat dijelaskan sebesar 56,2% oleh variabel-variabel independen penelitian ini. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi agar DJP melakukan pemeriksaan lapangan dengan intensitas lebih tinggi, melakukan audiensi melalui undangan sosialisasi secara langsung kepada pengusaha di e-commerce, dan melakukan integrasi data dengan mewajibkan pengusaha Shopee mendaftarkan NPWP sebagai syarat berjualan agar bisa terdeteksi kepatuhan perpajakannya.

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The growing number of internet users affected the rising number of businesses selling on e-commerce. It was recorded that 88.1% of the 202.6 million internet users in Indonesia had used e-commerce shopping services in April 2021. In addition, Indonesia ranks seventh in the fastest-growing e-commerce in the world. This phenomenon is coupled with the number of e-commerce sellers of 16 million and the emergence of a national online shopping day. Shopee is one of the largest marketplaces operating in Indonesia. These things raise questions related to the income tax compliance problem for business actors in e-commerce. This study aimed to determine the effect of mandatory understanding, tax sanctions, and tax rates on the formal income tax compliance of Shopee business actors in Indonesia. This study uses a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach, and a survey data collection method. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, namely convenience sampling, with a total of 385 respondents. The results of this study indicate that both the three independent factors, namely understanding of the taxpayer, tax sanctions, and tax rates, have a positive and significant effect on formal income tax compliance. In addition, understanding taxpayers, tax sanctions, and tax rates have a very high relationship with formal compliance. The results of the coefficient of determination show that the dependent variable can be explained by 56.2% of the independent variables of this study. This research recommends that tax authorities conduct field inspections with higher intensity, conduct hearings through invitations to socialize directly with entrepreneurs in e-commerce and integrate data by requiring Shopee entrepreneurs to register NPWP as a condition for selling so that tax compliance can be detected."

"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 menjadi sebuah peraturan yang menetapkan PPh Final 0,5% khususnya bagi pengusaha kecil yang menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam pelaksanaannya. Melalui PP inilah di dalamnya memberikan beberapa aturan mengenai dasar pengenaan pajak dan siapa saja pihak-pihak yang dapat dikenakan PPh Final. PP ini menurunkan tarif pajak dari peraturan yang sebelumnya untuk memberikan keringanan dan kemudahan beban pajak bagi para pengusaha kecil di Indonesia. Pemerintah mengingat bahwa usaha kecil menjadi salah satu pendongkrak ekonomi suatu negara tetapi minim perhatian dan fasilitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekaan yuridis normatif karena dengan adanya penelitian ini maka akan mengulas secara mendalam mengenai penerapan dari Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 dan kaitannya dengan prinsip keadilan dalam hukum perpajakan mengingat peraturan ini dibuat untuk memihak para pengusaha kecil. Hasil dari adanya penelitian ini yaitu didapatkan bahwa secara normatif, peraturan ini sudah memberikan keadilan bagi para pengusaha kecil. Tetapi dikarenakan adil adalah hal yang abstrak, maka keadilan belum sepenuhnya tercapai. Selain itu, ditemukan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh para fiskus dan pengusaha kecil. Salah satu hal terbesarnya yaitu masih banyak pengusaha kecil yang belum mengetahui kewajiban perpajakannya hingga masih minimnya pengusaha kecil dalam melakukan pencatatan keuangan. Sehingga, diperlukan support, kerja sama, hingga kepercayaan dari berbagai elemen untuk dapat meminimalisir hambatan yang dihadapi oleh para fiskus dan pengusaha kecil.

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The government's Rule Number 23 in 2018 is a rule that stated Final Income Tax for 0,5%, especially for small businesses and it rises pros and cons int he implementation. Through this PP there are several basic rules on the tax imposition and determine parties that should be Final Income Taxed. This government regulation decreases tax costs from previous rules to lighten up and facilitate tax costs for small businesses in Indonesia. The government noted that small businesses make contributions to boost the economy of a nation but there is minimum care and facilitations. This research was done by using a normative juridical approach because through this research the researcher would review deeply the implication of the Government's Rule Number 23 in 2018 and related to the fairness principle in tax law given that this research was made to take small business actor's side. The result of this research is we got normatively these rules have already given fairness to small businesses. But because fairness is an abstract hung, think, then fairness had not been fully achieved.  Other than that, there is an obstacle that has to be faced by the fiscus and small business actors. One of the biggest problems is there are still a lot of small business actors who still do not know about tax obligations which causes small businesses not to write a financial record. So it is necessary to have support, cooperation, and trust from various elements to minimize obstacles that have to be faced by fiscus and small businesses."

"Struktur modal merupakan komposisi dan proporsi hutang jangka panjang dan ekuitas yang ditetapkan perusahaan dalam membiayai perusahaan. Keputusan struktur modal dapat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan tarif pajak dan juga variabel variabel lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin menguji tentang pengaruh variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi struktur modal diantaranya perubahan tarif pajak, non debt tax shield, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan ukuran perusahaan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 82 perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI pada periode 2006 - 2010 sehingga ada 410 data penelitian.Metode pengolahan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS 17.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan tarif pajak pada perusahaan yang memiliki laba kecil, non debt tax shield, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Sedangkan profitabilitas dan likuiditas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap struktur modal.

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Capital structure is the composition and proportion of long-term debt and equity finance company established in the company. Capital structure decisions can be influenced by changes in tax rates and other variables. Therefore, in this study the authors wanted to test the effects of variables that affect the capital structure including changes in tax rates, non debt tax shield, profitability, liquidity, and firm size.

This study sample was 82 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period 2006 to 2010, so there are 410 research data. Methods of data processing performed in this study using SPSS 17.0 software. The results of this study showed changes in tax rates in low profit companies, non debt tax shield, and firm size has positive and significant impact on capital structure. Meanwhile, profitability and liquidity and significant negative effect on capital structure."

"Semenjak terjadinya penurunan harga minyak dan gas bumi pada awal 1980-an,Pemerintah mulai mengandalkan sektor perpajakan di dalam membiayai pembangunan.Segala aspek perpajakan, baik berupa Ketentuan Perundang-undangan maUpllnAd,ministrasi perpajakan telah mengalami banyak perubahan yang mana tujuannya adalahuntuk meningkatkan penghasilan dari pajak.Penelitian dilakukan meIaIui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan karyawanperusahaan. Untuk itu penulis membaca buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan topik yangdiambil serta menelaah data yang diperoleh dari perusahaan.Pada dasamya pelaksanaan Ketentuan Perundang-undangan PPN pada PT"XYZ" sudahbedangsung dengan baik walaupun memang masih terjadi kelalaian, baik yang disengajamaupun tidak disengaja. Hal ini terlihat pada dipenuhinya kewajiban administratif, yaituberupa pendaftaran diri menjadi Pengusaha Kena Pajak (PKP), pelunasan pajak sertapembuatan Faktur Pajak maupun kewajiban substantif berupa penentuan besamya pajakterutang. '. Penerapan Ketentuan Perundangan-undangan PPN yang baik dan sempurna merupakanharapan pihak perpajakan, agar pendapatan pemerintah yang diperoleh dari sektorperpajakan sesuai dengan yang ditargetkan dalarn APBN. Oleh karena itu hendaknyasetiap perusahaan meningkatkan pelaksanaan Ketentuan Perundang-undangan sehinggaseluruh aspek perpajakan dapat terlaksana dengan· baik. Kerja sarna antara pihakperpajakan dan perusahaan harus ditingkatkan dalarn arti masing-masing pihak berupayauntuk meningkatkan profesionalisme dalarn melaksanakan tugasnya."

"Since economics crisis that occurred ten years ago has shown positive growth, the investment climate that has been going on in Indonesia is not yet stable consistently. In order to create conducive investment climate the government made the Law of Income Tax No. 17 in 2000 with reduced income tax. Even though the tax is not always being the concerning factor in making a funding decision in a company, however the tax is inevitable.Modigliani and Miller (1963) stated with the tax, a company which adding the debt in its capital structure will maximize its firm value. The advantage of the tax arises as a result of paying the interest. From dividend policy point, the reduced income tax increases the proportion to earnings after tax which is distributed to the shareholder.The purpose of the research is to find the changing affect of corporate income tax rate the company dividend policy and capital structure. This research uses methodology of panel data. The sample characteristic of the research is companies which are registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange and distributed the cash dividend from 1998 to 2005. The result was 23 companies had been chosen from 388 population as research sample.The result has indicated that reduced corporate income tax affects significantly positive to dividend policy but negative to capital structure. When the corporate income tax decreases the total dividend ratio on the earnings after tax increase but the usage level of debt based on the value of the company book equity decrease. The factors which affecting the debt usage level based on the book value equity are assets, non debt tax shield, profibility, and dividend payout ratio in two years. Moreover, the factors which affecting the dividend total ratio on the earnings after tax are non debt tax shield, dividend and dividend payout ratio in one year."

"Latar belakang penelitian ini dimulai karena adanya sengketa pajak yang terjadi antara PT XYZ Indonesia dengan Pemeriksa dari Direktorat Jenderal Pajak mengenai pembuktian kewajaran perolehan jasa intra-grup. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pembebanan biaya technical assistance fees dan commission fee dalam perhitungan Pajak Penghasilan PT XYZ Indonesia, di mana kedua biaya tersebut diberikan oleh pihak afiliasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendeketan kualitatif dengan data dikumpulkan dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat tiga syarat yang harus dipenuhi untuk menentukan kewajaran pemberian atau perolehan jasa intra-grup, yaitu terkait eksistensi, manfaat yang diterima, dan nilai wajar. Pada sengketa pajak terkait technical assistance fees, data yang dimiliki oleh PT XYZ Indonesia cukup untuk membuktikan eksistensi dan manfaat yang diterima serta jasa yang diterima bukan jasa duplikasi. Pada sengketa pajak kedua terkait commission fee, koreksi yang dilakukan Pemeriksa saat itu tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konsep yang berlaku. Metode transfer pricing yang cocok untuk digunakan untuk menganilisis nilai wajar transaksi commission fee PT XYZ Indonesia ada Transactional Net Margin Method.

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The background of this research was started because of the tax dispute that occurred between PT XYZ Indonesia and the auditors from the Directorate General of Taxes regarding proving the fairness of the acquisition of intra-group services. The purpose of this research is to analyze the cost of technical assistance fees and commission fees in the calculation of PT XYZ Indonesia Income Tax, in which both fees are given by affiliates. The research method used was qualitative approach with data collected from the results of in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results showed that there are three conditions that must be met to determine the fairness of the provision or acquisition of intra-group services, which are related to existence, benefits received, and fair value. In the tax dispute related to technical assistance fees, the data held by PT XYZ Indonesia is sufficient to prove the existence and benefits received and the services received are not duplicate services. In the second tax dispute related to commission fees, the corrections made by the examiner at that time were not in accordance with the prevailing laws and concepts. The transfer pricing method that is suitable for analyzing the fair value of PT XYZ Indonesia's commission fee transactions is the Transactional Net Margin Method.

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