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"ABSTRAKKebijakan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) merupakan kebijakan publik Departemen Pendidikan Nasional untuk memberikan otonomi kepada sekolah, sebagai dukungan terhadap diberlakukannya otonomi daerah (desentalisasi pendidikan). Otonomi sekolah ini diberikan berdasarkan kepada pertama, pengalaman sistem pendidikan yang sentralistik dengan berbagai keseragaman, padahal masyarakat kita memiliki kultur, budaya, dan kondisi yang sangat beragam. Kedua campur tangan pihak birokrat terhadap dunia akademik sekolah terlalu dominan, sehingga kreativitas dan inovasi yang dimiliki sekolah kurang berkembang. Ketiga, dominasi pemerintah kepada sekolah telah menyebabkan peranserta masyarakat berkurang secara signifikan, sehingga masyarakat beranggapan bahwa pendidikan persekolahan merupakan tanggung jawab pemerinah. Keempat, pengelolaan sekolah dilakukan kurang transparan dan akuntabel, sehingga masyarakat lebih banyak curiga daripada mau membantu sekolah. Atas dasar itu maka pada implementasi kebijakan MBS ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian secara serius, sehingga hal tersebut di atas dapat segera teratasi. Dalam disertasi ini dibahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan MBS. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang mengikuti program MBS dengan dukungan bantuan BOMM sebanyak 206 sekolah, yang berada di wilayah Jabotabek. Dari 206 SMP program MBS tersebut diambil 50 SMP secara stratified purposive sampling. Di samping itu juga diambil 50 SMP pembanding yang tidak melaksanakan program MBS. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket berupa skala Likert dan isian kepada responden kepala sekolah, guru, dan kepala tata usaha. Hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) dan Model Persamaan Struktural (Structural Equation Model) di peroleh kesimpulan bahwa (1) karakteristik sekolah yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar adalah karakteristik orang tua siswa, sedangkan karakteristik guru, karakteristik kepala sekolah, dan kondisi sekolah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepemimpinan dan terhadap hasil belajar. (2) kepemimpinan kepala sekolah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar, akan tetapi kepemimpinan bcrpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap iklim sekolah. (3) iklim sekolah berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan hasil belajar. (4) faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa adalah karakteristik orang tua siswa dan iklim sekolah, sedangkan kepemimpinan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap iklim sekolah.Beberapa rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Implementasi MBS di sekolah, diharapkan lebih mengoptimalkan faktor karakteristik sekolah yang lainnya, yaitu karakteristik guru, karakteristik kepala sekolah, dan kondisi sekolah; (2) diharapkan dapat lebih intensif dalam menciptakan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang lebih profesional; (3) perlu membangun iklim organisasi sekolah yang kondusif dalam mendukung peningkatan prestasi/hasil belajar; (4) secara sinergi semua faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa sebagai perwujudan implementasi MBS perlu diciptakan oleh seluruh pihak yang terkait, sehingga peningkatan mutu pendidikan dapat dicapai secara signifikan.

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ABSTRACT

School Based Management policy is a public policy of the Department of National Education concerning the management running in a school. This policy gives any school an authority to manage autonomy the school, in supporting for district autonomy (educational decentralization). This school autonomy based on first, our experience in centralized educational system which similarity in much kind of culture and variety of district condition. Second, the bureaucracy involvement to school is too dominant, so that the school creativity and innovation not well developed. Third, government domination to school decreases community participation significantly, that assumed education is government responsibility. Fourth, school management is not transparent and accountable, and community more neglected than to participate. Based on this argumentation, the school-based management should have attention seriously, so that these problems overcome as soon as possible. This dissertation discussed about the factors that influence to school based management policy. Population in this research is 206 junior high school (SMP) that follows school based management program supported by BOMM grant in fifteen districts in Jabotabek. The sample is 50 junior high school sampled by stratified purposive sampling. In addition, 50 SMP that not follow school based management program are choosing, as comparation. Data collection is done by questionnaire with Likert scale, which respondent are school manager, teacher, and administration staff. Those data used by LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) and Structural Equation Model. The conclusions are (I) the school characteristic that influence significantly to learning achievement is parent characteristic. School condition is not influence to leadership and learning achievement. (2) Headmaster leadership is not influence significantly to learning achievement, but influence significantly to school climate. (3) School climate influence to learning achievement. (4) The factors that influence significantly to learning achievement are parent characteristic and school climate, headmaster leadership influence to school climate.

Some recommendation in this research are (1) School based management implementation should optimalized the other factor of school characteristic (2) Headmaster leadership should be applied professionally. (3) It is important to build condusif school climate in supporting learning achievement. (4) All factors that influence to learning achievement as realization of school based management implementation should created by all stakeholders in increasing educational quality."

"School culture is behind-the-scene context that is reflects of the values, beliefs, norms, tradition, and ritual that build up overtime a people in schoolwork together-administrator, teachers, students, parents, and community members. It influenced all the components of school in the process of education directly. It is assumed that school culture could make the educational achievement different. It is also assumed that school culture influenced teacher culture.This research's prime vision is to know whether there is difference of school culture between a higher-success and a lower-success Senior High School in Klaten, Central Java, and to what extent they differ according to their school performance. It also aims to know the relationship between school culture and teacher culture and to what extent the school culture influenced the teacher culture.Like the other social organization, school is an organization that has a culture. To measure the school culture, there are three indicators such as: norms of school culture behavior, beliefs, and core slues. While to measure teacher culture whether the school has positive or negative teacher cultures there are also three indicators collegiality, collaboration, and efficacy.This study employed a quantitative approach. Technique for collecting data is using questionnaire, unstructured interview and documents. The measure employed Likert Side, with five options: strongly agree, agree, uncertain, disagree, and strongly disagree. The techniques Analysis used in this study are descriptive statistic, T-test, Correlation, and Regression.Statistically, the study concluded that there is a difference of school culture between a higher-success school and a lower-success school. The score obtained by the two schools shows the difference. The difference of the mean is 3.56. The differences are on the norms of behavior, beliefs, and values. In testing the difference using t-test, the result shows that score oft value is larger than score oft table. Or the score of probability is less than 0.05. It showed that null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected or the two schools have different school culture. It also showed that the higher-success school has score of school culture that is higher than the lower-success school. The results implicated that the higher-success school has a better school culture than the lower-success school.Nevertheless, the difference of school culture found in this study is not too striking. So the difference could not viewed as white and black, because culture of the schools didn't work and process all alone. There is other side going along to shape the school culture and to determine the success or failure of the school. In this case, culture of Klaten community greatly influenced the schools.In the second testing of hypothesis, statistically, this study also concluded that there is a positive relationship between school culture and teacher culture. The value oft (2.486) is larger than value oft table (1.67), or the probability is more than alpha (0.05). It shows that null hypothesis is rejected. The strength of the relationship is shown by the coefficient correlation (the level of significance is 0.05) obtained in this analysis that is 0.793. This result shows that the relationship is very significant. It can be interpreted that norm of behavior, belief and school values influenced teacher's culture (collegiality, collaboration and teacher's sense of efficacy).Local community culture also influenced the teacher culture. "Klateneses", like other Javanese, has a permissive culture. They are so kind, friendly and easy to work together. This condition could support collegiality and collaboration activities."

"Tesis ini membahas implementasi performance management atau manajemen kinerja untuk melihat keberlangsungan dan kesinambungan antar proses manajemen kinerja untuk guru di XYZ International School sesuai dengan konteks dan kondisi yang terjadi di sekolah tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah ini masih belum menyelaraskan tujuan dari semua pihak yang terkait dengan sistem manajemen kinerja, termasuk merapihkan regulasi atau prosedur mengenai sistem manajemen kinerja, untuk menjaga setiap tahapan proses berjalan dengan baik. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa guru belum dilibatkan dalam pembuatan target dan ekspektasi yang harus diraih. Selanjutnya pengawasan belum berjalan secara kontinu, untuk mendapatkan hasil penilaian yang konsisten, yang berdampak kepada kesulitan untuk mendapatkan hasil evaluasi yang baik. Semua ini membutuhkan dukungan dari semua pihak yang terkait sistem manajemen kinerja untuk guru.

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This thesis studies about the implementation of performance management for teacher at XYZ International School, by concerning and context that applies in this school. This research is qualitative with descriptive design. The results from this research shows that the school needs to align the purposes of performance management of all stakeholders that related to performance management. The school also needs to complete the regulations or procedures on performance management system, to ensure each process goes well. Involving teachers in developing targets and expectations is also important to create two-way performance agreement. Furthermore continous monitoring and supervision continuously are need to obtain the consistent assessment result, that can be well evaluated. All of this require support from all stakeholders that related to performance management system."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan iklim sekolah terhadap kinerja Rintisan SMA Bertaraf Internasional di Kabupaten Cirebon. Subyek penelitian adalah guru pengajar. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 68 orang dengan teknik sampel jenuh. Metode analisis yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan tehnik analisis korelasi. Instrumen disusun dalam bentuk angket dengan menggunakan skala Likers.Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa: Pertama, terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional sebesar 0.731. Kedua, terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara iklim sekolah dengan kinerja Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional sebesar 0.731.

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The objective of this research were to examine the contribution of the influence leadership and climate school to the performance of Pioneering International Standard Senior High School (RSBI) in Cirebon Distric. The subject consist of class teachers. The total sampel was taken 68 by using saturation sampling technique. Research method which is used is quantitative by using correlation analisys. The instrument was arranged in the form of Likert Scale.

The research implied the influence that: first, there was a positive and significant correlation between leadersheep and performance Pioneering International Standard Senior High School of 0.583. Second, there was a positive and significant correlation between school climate and performance Pioneering International Standard Senior High School of 0.534."

"Tesis ini mengevaluasi penyaluran dan penggunaan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) pasca perbaikan dalam metode penyaluran BOS pada tahun 2012, dengan mengambil sample 18 SMP Negeri di Jakarta Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan data dan informasi yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan menyebar kuesioner pada para pemangku kepentingan (tim manajemen BOS, Kepala atau Bendahara Sekolah dan orang tua murid) dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyaluran BOS pada SMP Negeri Jakarta Barat telah berjalan lebih cepat dari tahun sebelumnya dan juga dari ketentuan yang ada tiap triwulannya. Berdasarkan realisasi penggunaannya, porsi terbesar pemanfaatan dana BOS tahun 2012 adalah untuk pembayaran honorarium guru dan tenaga kependidikan honorer (mencapai 27%). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada satu sekolah pun yang menggunakan BOS di luar ketentuan. Dampak BOS tidak hanya dirasakan oleh sekolah tetapi juga masyarakat. Bagi sekolah BOS dapat membantu membiayai peningkatan intensitas dan kualitas belajar mengajar di sekolah. Sekolah maupun orang tua siswa yang menjadi responden juga menyatakan bahwa dengan adanya BOS orang tua menjadi lebih ringan dalam membiayai sekolah--apalagi saat ini memang benar-benar tidak ada pungutan apa pun di sekolah negeri. Terkait dengan perbaikan dalam kecepatan waktu penyaluran BOS, responden menyatakan bahwa faktor utama pendukung hal tersebut adalah adanya perbaikan mekanisme penyaluran BOS dari ke Kas Umum Negara ke Kas Umum Provinsi yang selanjutnya disalurkan langsung ke sekolahsekolah, dan juga diperlakukannya BOS sebagai dana hibah yang syarat pencaiannya tidak memerlukan proposal maupun penyerahan Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah (RKAS).

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This thesis evaluates the distribution and the utilization of School Operational Assistance (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah--BOS) at State Junior High School in West Jakarta subsequent to the modification of the BOS distributional method in 2012. This study is descriptive in nature. The data and information is collected through questioners, in dept interview and literature study. This study finds out that the modified method has speed up the distribution of BOS compared to that of the previous year and to the time that the regulation asserts. There are two factors contribute to these achievements: (i) the way BOS is distributed as block grant from central government to provincial government and than to school; and (ii) schools will automatically receive BOS with no obligation for submitting proposal as conditional clauses. In terms of its utilization, the largest portion of BOS (27%) is used for compensating the nonpermanent school`s employees (pegawai honorer`s honoraria). There is no school under the study that utilizes BOS for financing items which is not parallel with the regulation. BOS has also been considered to increase both quality and quantity of school activities. Finally, the program has also been found to be effectively waived students from the school fee."

"Fenomena dugaan adanya kecurangan dalam pelakasaan Ujian Nasional merupakan hal yang memerlukan perhatian serius dari semua pihak, namun demikian pemerintah masih tetap menyelenggarakan Ujian Nasional untuk mengukur kualitas output peserta didik secara nasional. Peranan pengawas sekolah dalam fungsi supervisi pendidikan dan tugas pokok melakukan penilaian dan pembinaan diperlukan sebagai agent of change pada proses pembelajaran yang di sampaikan kepada guru. Tujuan supervisi tersebut adalah agar guru dapat memberikan pelayanan yang baik pada peserta didik sehingga siswa dapat berhasil dalam Ujian Nasional. Untuk itu diperlukan pengawasan optimal agar pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional dapat berdaya guna dan berahasil guna bagi pendidikan Indonesia. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peranan pengawas sekolah dalam Ujian Nasional di Kabupaten Indramayu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data : wawancara, observasi insidental, dokumenter, dan diskusi kelompok. Hasil Penelitian Pengawas Sekolah dalam Ujian Nasional di Kabupaten Indramayu ini adalah: (1) pengawas sekolah hanya sebagai pemantau kesiapan sekolah penyelenggara UN, kelengakapan administrasi, ketercapaian target kurikulum, dan jumlah peserta Ujian Nasional pada satuan pendidikan, (2) kendala dalam program pengawasan pendidikan adalah kurangnya jumlah pengawas sekolah (3) kompetensi pengawas sekolah belum optimal karena latar belakang pendidikan yang tidak sesuai pada pengawas akademik, (4) nilai dan prinsip kepengawasan belum dapat berjalan dengan baik, serta (5) rekrutmen pengawas sekolah dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan politik Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu.

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The assumption of fraud phenomenon in National Examination needs serious attention from the stakeholders, but the government still implement National Examination to measure the national output of students. The role of school supervisor as their function in educational supervision and the core duties in doing assesment and controlling are needed as the agent of change in teaching and learning process conveyed to the teachers. The aim of supervision is that the teachers can give better service to students so they can pass the National Examination. For that pupose, optimum supervision is needed for efficient and effective result of the National Examination.

The aim of this research is to analyze the role of school supervisors in the national examination in Indramayu regency. This research used qualitative method with descriptive analisys through interview, incidental observation, literature study and group discussion for data gathering.

The result of this research about the school supervisors in National Examination in Indramayu regency are : (1) the school supervisors are only as the observers of school readiness for national examination, curriculum fulfillment target, and the amount of national examination participants, (2) educational supervision problem is lack of school supervisor quantity, (3) school supervisors competence is not in optimum level due to their inappropriate educational background, (4) the value and principles of supervision doesn?t run well, (5) school supervisor recruitment was affected by political interest of Indramayu regency government."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja sekolah pada SMA yang menerima Bantuan Dana Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI). Adapun faktor-faktor tersebut adalah Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah, Mutu Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah, Otonomi Daerah, Pengawasan Ketersediaan Alat Pembelajaran, Partisipasi Masyarakat di Sekolah, Bantuan Sesuai Kebutuhan Sekolah, Kesejahteraan Pegawai dan Pengadaan Alat-alat Pelajaran, Pembinaan Profesi, Ketepatan Jadual Bantuan Sesuai Perencanaan, Ketepatan Sasaran, Kesesuaian Dana, Ekstrakurikuler yang dijadikan sebagai variabel bebas, dan kinerja sekolah sebagai variabel terikat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap 79 responden, dan setelah dilakukan uji hipotesa dengan model regresi berganda, maka diperoleh temuan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara simultan dari 12 faktor tersebut terhadap Kinerja Sekolah pada SMA yang menerima Bantuan Dana Rintisan SMA Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI). Hal ini berimplikasi bahwa sekolah dengan status RSBI harus memperhatikan keduabelas faktor itu tanpa kecuali jika menginginkan kinerja sekolah meningkat. Meskipun kedua belas faktor berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan, namun jika dianalisis secara parsial hanya satu faktor pengaruh, yaitu Ketepatan Jadwal Bantuan Sesuai Perencanaan yang berpengaruh signifikan, dengan temuan nilai R sebesar 0.301. Dari nilai korelasi tersebut diperoleh nilai R square sebesar 0,090 yang bermakna kontribusi Ketepatan Jadwal Bantuan Sesuai Perencanaan hanya sebesar 0,90 % terhadap kinerja sekolah yang menerima bantuan dana RSBI. Hal ini berimplikasi bahwa pemerintah perlu memperhatikan ketepatan jadwal bantuan sesuai perencanaan bagi sekolah, agar kinerja sekolah meningkat. Hal ini disebabkan rata-rata sekolah Rintisan SMA Bertaraf Internasional di Indonesia belum mampu mandiri mencapai Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) plus yang diwajibkan bagi sekolah RSBI.

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This research explains about some of the factors which affect school performance n high school that received Aid for International School Pioneering (RSBI). As these factors are the School-Based Management, Quality Infrastructures School, Autonomy, Control Equipments Learning, Citizen Participation in School, Schools Need Aid In accordance, Welfare Employees and Procurement Tools Lesson, Teacher Profession Development, Aid Schedule Accuracy as per Planning, Target accuracy, Suitability and Extracurricular Funds which be used as independent variables, and school performance as the dependent variable. Based on the results of research on 79 respondents, and after testing the hypothesis with multiple regression model, the obtained findings of 12 factors that affect school performance simultaneously, these factors are the School-Based Management, Quality Infrastructures School, Autonomy, Control Equipments Learning, Citizen Participation in School, aid accordance with School Supplies, Welfare Employees, Teacher Profession Development based RSBI, Schedules aid accuracy, accuracy Target, Compliance Fund, Extracurricular. This implies that the school (RSBI) must consider the twelve factors are, without exception, if the school's performance improved. Although the twelve factors simultaneously have a significant effect, but if it is partially analyzed influence only one factor, namely accuracy Schedules Aid significant effect, with the findings of the R value for 0301. From these correlation values obtained for R square value 0.090 meaningful contribution accuracy Schedules aid only as much as 0.90% on the performance of schools that receive funds RSBI. This implies that the government needs to pay attention to the accuracy of the schedule according to plan for school aid, so that school performance improved. This is due to the average high school pioneering international standard school in Indonesia have not been able to independently achieve the National Education Standards (SNP) Plus required for school RSBI."

"Pertemanan merupakan salahsatu kunci keberhasilan dari dibentuknya pendidikan inklusif. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, peneliti menduga terdapat permasalahan pada keterampilan asertif anak berkebutuhan khusus yang dapat berpengaruh pada kemampuan membangun dan mempertahankan pertemanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus. Selian itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan berdasarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin dan jenis disabilitas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan menggunakan sampel anak berkebutuhan khusus yang memiliki satu jenis disabilitas dengan tingkat keparahan ringan dan bersekolah di sekolah dasar inklusif N = 84. Rentang usia responden pada penelitian ini 7 tahun-12 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Social Skills Inventory Scale SSIS Gresham Elliot, 2008 dan Friendship Quality Questionnaire FQQ Parker Asher, 1993. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan r = .321, p < .01. Hal ini menandakan semakin tinggi keterampilan asertif anak berkebutuhan khusus, akan semakin tinggi kualitas pertemanannya. Selain itu hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang antara kualitas pertemanan yang signifikan antara responden laki-laki dan perempuan, namun tidak ada perbedaan pada keterampilan asertif. Hasil lain dari penelitian ini mengindikasikan tidak ada perbedaan keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan berdasarkan jenis disabilitas. Seluruh jenis disabilitas menunjukkan keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan yang tergolong tinggi.

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Friendship between special needs children and typical children is one of the keys to the success of inclusive education. Based on previous studies, we assume there is a lack in assertive skill among special needs children which can affect their ability to initiate and maintain friendship. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between assertive social skill and friendship quality of special needs children in inclusive setting. This study is also purposed to examine the difference between assertive skill and friendship quality based on gender differences and type of disability. This is a correlational study, using special needs children with one type of disability with mild severity as research sample, with age ranging from seven to twelve years old based N 84. Instruments used in this study are Social Skills Inventory Scale SSIS Gresham Elliot, 2008 and Friendship Quality Questionaire FQQ Parker Asher, 1993 . Result shows there is a significant positive relationship between assertive skill and friendship quality r .321, p .01. The conclusion is the increase in assertive social skill on special needs children will increase their friendship quality. The study also shows there is a significance difference in friendship quality based on gender, but no significance difference found in assertive skill. Another results indicate there is no difference in both assertive skill and friendship quality based on types of disability. Both assertive skill and friendship quality are relatively high based on types of disability."

"Bandung SMKN (vocational high school) resources are relatively diverse. These resources must be identified if they are to be utilized by the vocational high school in their effort to plan and make the implement of their education program better than other vocational high schools. Therefore it is necessary to analyze further the current condition of school resources as the resources theoretically can be developed to produce a competitive edge for the education unit. This research is focused on efforts to analyze the SMKN resources in Bandung with intention to develop them to strengthen planning and implementation of vocational education. The result of the research produced a model for implementation of vocational high school resources. This model focuses on education management practice, development and implementation of curriculum, development and implementation of learning resources, development, and implementation of teachers as human resources in the vocational high school."