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"Trade policies nowadays must take into account that economies are now more open. This paper uses vector autoregression (VAR) model to assess the economics growth has been stimulated by export performance, although domestic demand has contributed significantly. Indeed, our research indicates that exports also pay a significant role in affecting variation in domestic demand, and thus sugggests the importance for indonesia of being more competitive in international trade to maintain economic growth"

"Usaha kecil memiliki peranan yang paling penting dalam perekonomian di Indonesia dibandingkan usaha menengah dan usaha besar. Pencabutan kebijakan minimal rasio alokasi kredit usaha kecil (KUK) pada tahun 2001 membuat semua bank umum di Indonesia menjadi bebas dalam mengalokasikan penyaluran kredit usaha kecilnya, sehingga perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Dengan dikontrol oleh variabel karakteristik bank dan kondisi makroekonomi Indonesia serta menggunakan metode random effect model pada data panel, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kepemilikan bank baik itu berupa kepemilikan pemerintah maupun kepemilikan asing, yang dibagi menjadi dua yaitu foreigntakeover dan foreign-greenfield, memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada tingkat rasio alokasi kredit usaha kecil (KUK) masing-masing bank umum. Lalu dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa tingkat penetrasi bank asing dalam perkreditan perbankan Indonesia menciptakan ?segregation effect? pada alokasi kredit usaha kecil (KUK) bank umum domestik di Indonesia.

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Small businesses have the biggest contribution to the economic growth in Indonesia, compared to medium and large businesses. The releasing on policy of minimum credit allocation to small business (KUK) on 2001 made the Indonesian commercial banks became independent in allocating credit to small business, therefore it?s important to know their factors. Controlled by bank characteristic and macroeconomic condition variables, and using random effect model in panel data, this study found that bank ownership (state-owned, foreign-takeover, and foreigngreenfield) gave the significant impact on credit allocation ratio to small business. Then this study also found that foreign bank penetration in Indonesian banking lending created ?segregation effect? on domestic banks? credit allocation to small business."

"With the Bologna Accords a bachelor-master-doctor curriculum has been introduced in various countries with the intention that students may enter the job market already at the bachelor level. Since financial Institutions provide non negligible job opportunities also for mathematicians, and scientists in general, it appeared to be appropriate to have a financial mathematics course already at the bachelor level in mathematics. Most mathematical techniques in use in financial mathematics are related to continuous time models and require thus notions from stochastic analysis that bachelor students do in general not possess. Basic notions and methodologies in use in financial mathematics can however be transmitted to students also without the technicalities from stochastic analysis by using discrete time (multi-period) models for which general notions from Probability suffice and these are generally familiar to students not only from science courses, but also from economics with quantitative curricula. There do not exists many textbooks for multi-period models and the present volume is intended to fill in this gap. It deals with the basic topics in financial mathematics and, for each topic, there is a theoretical section and a problem section. The latter includes a great variety of possible problems with complete solution."