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"This article focuses on an imperfect production inventory model with production system reliability under two layer supply chain management. Here, we consider the production system may be shift from in-control state to an out-of-control after a time which is a random variable. A development cost is incurred to improve the reliability of the production system where the reliability parameter depends on the production rate. The rate of defectiveness of the imperfect quality items is also assumed as random and depends upon the production rate and time length of the out-of-control state. A disposal cost per unit of disposed items is incurred to minimize the environmental pollution. Finally, average profit of the integrated model has been maximized by optimizing the production rate as well as defective rate of the production system and some numerical examples have been given to illustrate the feasibility of the model."

"46% perusahaan di dunia saat ini belum memiliki integrasi yang baik antara supply chain dengan perusahaan. Diperlukan suatu alat pembelajaran baru yang dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Riset ini membuat permaian serious simulation game baru yang memodelkan aspek supply chain dan pemasaran untuk memahami permasalahan integrasi kedua aspek tersebut. Pemain akan memerankan manager pemasaran dan supply chain serta menyelesaikan permasalahan pada setiap dan antara kedua bidang tersebut. Pemain akan mempelajari dan menerapkan konsep-konsep integrasi antara supply chan dan pemasaran selama memecahkan permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa permaianan simulasi ini berhasil mengajarkan konsep-konsep integrasi antara supply chain dengan pemasaran.

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46% of companies in the world today do not have good integration between the company's supply chain. A new learning tool is meeded that can solve these problems. This research develop a new serious simulation game that models supply chain and marketing aspects of in order to understand integration problem between both aspects. Players will as play the manager of marketing and supply chain and solving the problems in each and between the two fields. Players will learn and apply the concepts of integration between the supply and marketing chan for solving the problem. The results showed that the simulated games or successfully teach the concepts of integration between supply chain to marketing."

"Pada 1 Januari 2014 dilaksanakan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional diIndonesia, dimana penyelenggaraannya dilaksanakan oleh BPJS. RS ANTangerang bekerjasama dengan BPJS sejak tahun 2014, dimana sejak saat itupeningkatan produktivitas kunjungan pelayanan RS sangat melonjak. Peningkatankunjungan tinggi juga terdapat di Perawatan Intensif dimana penyediaan gasoksigen menjadi salah satu kebutuhan penting. Peningkatan tersebut jugameningkatkan kebutuhan penyediaan gas medis oksigen. Perubahan pola biayapada pelayanan JKN dimana dibayarkan dalam konsep package payment,sehingga penyediaan gas oksigen medis menjadi salah satu biaya besar yang perludievaluasi dalam penyediaanya. Terdapat beberapa sediaan gas medis oksigenuntuk pelayanan rumah sakit. Diantara pilihan tersebut manakah sediaan yangsesuai secara biaya dengan karakteristik RS AN. Penelitian ini bertujuanmenganalisis perbandingan biaya penyediaan gas oksigen dengan tabung silindergas, vessel gas liquid(VGL) dan oksigen liquid tank pada penyediaan gas medis diRumah Sakit AN Tangerang. Desain penelitian dari tesis ini bersifat kuantitatifmenggunakan rancangan retrospektif survey dengan dilakukan studi perbandinganbiaya (comparative study) diantara 3 alternatif yang ada. Dilakukan perhitunganbiaya dengan metode Activity Based Costing yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengananalisa perbandingan biaya dengan metode Cost Minimization Analysis. Darihasil penelitian didapatkan biaya pengadaan untuk masing-masing sediaan gasmedis sebesar rp 10.316,00/m³ untuk sediaan tabung gas, rp 6.173,00/m³ untuksediaan VGL dan rp 6.121,00/m³ untuk sediaan tangki liquid. Biaya tersebut akanberbeda tergantung dengan besarnya biaya investasi, jumlah utilisasi dan letaksarana prasarana. Pemilihan sediaan liquid oksigen tangki 6 ton dengan kapasitas4.620 m³ untuk keperluan penyediaan gas medis pada RS AN dengan jumlahtempat tidur 170, ruang intensif sebanyak 19 tempat tidur, dengan BOR 60-67% ,pemakaian oksigen medis rata-rata sebesar 74.198 m³ per tahun, menjadi pilihaninvestasi dan penghematan biaya yang terbaik bila dibandingkan dengan sediaantabung gas maupun VGL.

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On 1 January 2014, a National Health Insurance program (Jaminan KesehatanNasional/JKN) was implemented in Indonesia, where the implementation wascarried out by the BPJS. RS AN Tangerang collaborated with BPJS since 2014,where since then the increase in hospital service visit productivity has soared.Increased visits are also found in Intensive Care where the supply of oxygen gas isan important requirement. The increase also increases the need for oxygenmedical gas. Changes in the pattern of costs for JKN services are paid for in thepackage payment concept, so that the supply of medical oxygen gas is one of thebig costs that need to be evaluated in its provision. There are several medicaloxygen gas preparations for hospital services. Among these choices are thepreparations that are cost-appropriate with the characteristics of the RS AN. Thisstudy aims to analyze the comparison of the cost of providing oxygen gas with gascylinders, gas vessels liquid (VGL) and oxygen liquid tanks in the provision ofmedical gas at RS AN Tangerang . The research design of this thesis isquantitative using a retrospective survey design with a comparative study among 3alternatives. Cost calculation is done using Activity Based Costing method whichis then continued with cost comparison analysis using the Cost MinimizationAnalysis method. From the results of the study, the procurement costs for eachmedical gas preparation were Rp. 10,316.00/m³ for gas cylinder preparations,Rp. 6,173.00/m³ for VGL preparations and Rp. 6,121.00/m³ for liquid tankpreparations. These costs will differ depending on the amount of investment costs,the amount of utilization and location of infrastructure. The selection of a 6-tonliquid oxygen tank with a capacity of 4,620 m³ for the purposes of providingmedical gas in RS AN with 170 beds, 19 intensive rooms, with a BOR of 60-67%,medical oxygen consumption an average of 74,198 m³ per year, becoming the bestinvestment choice and cost savings when compared to gas cylinders and VGL."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di PT PPN yang merupakan kontraktor pertambanganbatubara dengan studi kasus dilakukan pada lokasi pertambangan Barut yang terletakdi daerah Kalimantan Tengah. Di lokasi ini, rantai pasok bahan bakar, yangsangat dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan operasi pertambangan sering mengalamikendala karena permasalahan kondisi air sungai yang surut pada musim kemarau.Tujuan penulisan ini adalah melakukan identifikasi dan analis terhadap pemborosanyang terjadi untuk mendapatkan peluang efisiensi atas rantai pasok bahan bakaryang saat ini dilakukan. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan data primer dansekunder dengan pendekatan Value Stream Mappinguntuk melihat pemborosanyang terjadi dan melalui pola perhitungan fixed quantity model dilakukan perhitunganoptimalisasi penyimpanan dan transportasi baik secara waktu maupun biaya.Pada saat musim hujan, rantai pasok melalui sungai merupakan pilihan yang terbaikdari sisi waktu maupun biaya. Pada saat musim kemarau, alternatif melalui daratdengan total biaya terendah dan waktu tercepat akan menjadi pilihan untuk pengirimanbahan bakar ke Barut

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ABSTRACTThis research was conducted at PT PPN, a coal mining contractor. The case studywas carried out at the mine site Barut in Central Kalimantan. At this location, thefuel supply chain, which is necessary to run mining operations, frequently experiencedproblem due to receding river water in the dry season. The purpose of thisthesis is to identify and analyze wastes that occur to gain efficiency improvementover a fuel supply chain which is currently done. The research methodology usesprimary and secondary data with Value Stream Mapping approach to see the wastethat occurs in and through the pattern of fixed quantity calculation models to optimizestorage and transportation of both time and cost. During the rainy season, supplychain through the river is the best option in terms of time and cost. In the dryseason, alternate overland with the lowest total cost and fastest time will be thechoice for the delivery of fuel to Barut."