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"This best-selling, topically organized child and adolescent development text covers the major theories and research of the field. It is known to be a scholarly developmental text that is interesting, accurate, up-to-date, and written clearly and concisely. The author stresses the processes that underlie developmental change so that students come away from the course with a solid understanding of the causes and complexities of human development. Finally, the author connects the theory and research to a number of real-life settings to prepare students for their future roles as parents, teachers, nurses, or psychologists."

"Alexithymia adalah sebuah trait kepribadian yang ditandai dengan kesulitan mengidentifikasikan dan mengekspresikan emosi, serta orientasi berpikir terhadap hal-hal eksternal. Alexithymia dapat muncul akibat paparan terhadap pengalaman trauma dan telah ditemukan berhubungan dengan pengalaman childhood maltreatment. Meskipun begitu, mekanisme hubungan antara keduanya belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini menguji peran experiential avoidance sebagai mediator. Experiential avoidance diduga dilakukan oleh individu dengan pengalaman childhood maltreatment dan dapat mempersulit individu untuk memaknai emosinya sehingga mendukung perkembangan alexithymia. Sejumlah 558 individu emerging adults (18–29 tahun) di Indonesia telah berpartisipasi dalam kuesioner self-report dan mengisi alat ukur TAS-20, AAQ-II, dan CTQ-SF. Analisis mediasi sederhana dilakukan menggunakan PROCESS dengan mengontrol jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan partisipan. Hasil analisis mediasi menemukan bahwa experiential avoidance secara signifikan memediasi hubungan antara childhood maltreatment dan alexithymia. Hubungan langsung antara childhood maltreatment dan alexithymia tetap signifikan, sehingga peran mediasi experiential avoidance hanya bersifat parsial. Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa individu dengan pengalaman childhood maltreatment dan memiliki trait alexithymia dapat mendapatkan manfaat dari mereduksi experiential avoidance dengan meningkatkan psychological flexibility.

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Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions, as well as externally-oriented thinking. Alexithymia can arise as a result of exposure to traumatic experiences and has been found to be associated with experiences of childhood maltreatment. However, the mechanism of the relationship between the two is not well understood. This study examines the role of experiential avoidance as a mediator. Experiential avoidance is hypothesized to be practiced by individuals with experiences of childhood maltreatment and can make it difficult for individuals to understand their emotions, thereby supporting the development of alexithymia. A total of 558 emerging adults (18–29 years) in Indonesia participated in a self-report questionnaire and completed the TAS-20, AAQ-II, and CTQ-SF. Simple mediation analysis was conducted using PROCESS while controlling for participants' gender and education level. The mediation analysis results found that experiential avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and alexithymia. The direct relationship between childhood maltreatment and alexithymia remained significant, indicating that the mediation role of experiential avoidance was only partial. This study implies that individuals with experiences of childhood maltreatment and who possess the trait of alexithymia could benefit from reducing experiential avoidance by increasing psychological flexibility."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana hubungan antara pengalaman neglect oleh orang tua pada masa kanak-kanak dan psychological distress ketika dewasa. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 382 mahasiswa tahun pertama di Universitas Indonesia dengan rentang usia 18-20 tahun. Psychological distress diukur menggunakan Self Reporting Questionnaire (WHO, 1994) dan childhood parental neglect diukur dengan The Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale, Form AS: Adolescent and Adult-Recall, Short Version (Straus, Kinard, & Williams, 1995). Pengujian statistik dengan simple linear regression membuktikan bahwa childhood parental neglect (M = 13.94 , SD = 3.83) dan psychological distress (M = 7.23, SD = 4.70) berkorelasi secara signifikan dan positif (F(1.380) = 29.521, p = .000) dengan effect size sebesar R2 = 0.072. Hal ini mengindikasi bahwa psychological distress yang dialami mahasiswa tahun pertama di Universitas Indonesia berhubungan dengan pengalaman childhood parental neglect, dimana jika skor childhood parental neglect meningkat maka skor psychological distress juga akan meningkat.

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This research aimed to explore the relationship between childhood experience of neglect by parents and later psychological distress. The research conducted to 382 first-year students at Universitas Indonesia with age range of 18-20 years. Psychological distress is measured using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (WHO, 1994) and childhood parental neglect is measured by the Multidimensional Neglect Behavior Scale, Form US: Adolescent and Adult-Recall, Short Version (Straus, Kinard, & Williams, 1995).

Statistical testing with simple linear regression proved that childhood parental neglect (M = 13.94, SD = 3.83) and psychological distress (M = 7.23, SD = 4.70) correlated significantly and positively (F(1.380) = 29.521, p = .000) with an effect size of R2 = 0.072. The result indicates that the psychological distress experienced by first-year students at Universitas Indonesia related to the history of childhood parental neglect, when the childhood parental neglect score increases, the psychological distress score will also increase."

"Masa kanak-kanak awal merupakan periode penting untuk membiasakan perilaku makan anak. Konsep makanan merupakan prediktor utama keberhasilan rancangan intervensi perilaku makan, sehingga perlu diketahui konsep makanan pada anak usia prasekolah karena merupakan skema yang mendasari perilaku makan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melihat gambaran konsep makanan pada anak usia prasekolah 4-6 tahun ditinjau dari teori perkembangan kognitif Piaget. Empat orang partisipan menunjukkan karakteristik preoperational thought dalam menjelaskan pemahaman tentang makanan, yang mencakup tujuan dari makan, efek dari makanan tertentu, efek dari kuantitas makanan, efek dari diet yang tidak seimbang, serta jenis dan ciri makanan sehat serta tidak sehat. Wawancara dengan orang tua dan pengasuh menggambarkan social experience yang berperan dalam pembentukan konsep makanan, terdiri dari orang tua ibu dan ayah, anggota keluarga lain nenek dan kakek, pengasuh/asisten rumah tangga, sekolah, dan media.

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Early childhood is a crucial period of life to promote childrens healthy eating habits. Since food concept is an important predictor of successful interventions of eating behavior, more knowledge is needed about food concept among preschool children children because it is a scheme that underlies eating behavior. This study used qualitative research to describe food concept on preschool children 4-6 years old based on Piagets theory of cognitive development. Four participants indicated characteristics of preoperational thought when explained food concept, covered five components of food purpose of eating, effects of specific food, effects of different quantities of food, effects of an unbalanced diet, types and feature of healthy and unhealthy food. The interview with parents and caregiver described social experience that play a role in the formation of childrens food concept, which is parents mother and father, another family members e.g grandmother and grandfather, housemaid, school, and media. "

"Parenting self-efficacy diketahui adalah faktor penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan proses pengasuhan anak. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa parenting self-efficacy memiliki hubungan negatif dengan parental stress. Penelitian ini melihat peran parental stress dalam memprediksi parenting self-efficacy pada orang tua. Partisipan penelitian adalah 189 orang tua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya (5 - 12 tahun). Hasil uji regresi linear menunjukkan bahwa parental stress dapat memprediksi parenting self-efficacy pada orang tua secara negatif sebesar 11,4%, F(1, 187) = 24,084 p< 0,01, R2 = 0.114, menunjukkan bahwa parental stress menyebabkan penurunan tingkat parenting self-efficacy orang tua. Selain itu, ditemukan perbedaan parental stress yang signifikan (p < 0,05) antara ibu (M = 98,9, SD = 37,8) dan bapak (M = 82,8, SD = 34, 1). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan penemuan baru mengenai peran parental stress terhadap parenting self-efficacy pada orang tua dan dapat diimplementasikan hasilnya dengan membuat psikoedukasi atau intervensi terhadap parental stress dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan parenting self-efficacy.

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Parenting self-efficacy is known to be an important factor in determining parenting success. Previous studies have shown a negative correlation between parenting self- efficacy and parental stress. This research aims to see the role of parental stress in predicting parenting self-efficacy in parents. 189 parents of 5 - 12 year old kids participated in the study. Results show that parental stress has a role in predicting parenting self-efficacy of 11,4% with F(1, 187) = 24,084, p< 0,01, R2 = 0.114, which indicates that parental stress causes a reduction in parenting self-efficacy. Besides that, a significant difference (p < 0,05) in parental stress was detected between mothers (M = 98,9, SD = 37,8) and fathers (M = 82,8, SD = 34, 1). This research gives a new finding of the role of parental stress towards parenting self-efficacy and can be implemented by creating psychoeducation or interventions focused on parental stress in endeavors to increase parenting self-efficacy."