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"Sukaraja merupakan desa yang penduduknya terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa antara lain suku bangsa Sunda dan suku bangsa Lampung. Dua suku bangsa tersebut merupakan suku bangsa terbesar di desa Sukaraja. Suku bangsa Lampung dan suku bangsa Sunda hidup berdampingan dan saling mempengaruhi kebudayaan satu sama lain. Hal ini terlihat pada penggunaan bahasa Lampung disana yang tersisipi oleh penegas kata (fatis) atuh, jing, dan geh. Ketiga fatis tersebut berasal dari bahasa Sunda. Bahasa Lampung tersisipi ketiga fatis tersebut karena adanya interaksi yang terjadi antar suku bangsa Lampung dan suku bangsa Sunda setiap harinya.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan terlibat dan wawancara mendalam. Hal ini digunakan untuk mengetahui mengapa bahasa Lampung di desa Sukaraja tersisipi oleh fatis dari bahasa Sunda. Kajian pustaka dilakukan untuk memudahkan peneliti dalam memahami fatis dan fungsi dari fatis itu sendiri serta membantu peneliti memahami mengapa fatis bahasa Sunda dapat menyisipi bahasa Lampung. Selain itu, peneliti juga mempresentasekan jumlah fatis atuh, jing, dan geh yang muncul dalam bahasa Lampung.Penelitian ini mengkategorikan informan menjadi dua kriteria yaitu informan kunci (key informan) dan informan pendukung. Informan kunci terdiri dari tiga orang. Ketiganya menggunakan nama asli atau peneliti tidak menggunakan nama samaran. Sedangkan informan pendukung adalah beberapa masyarakat suku bangsa Lampung yang tinggal di desa Sukaraja.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa fatis atuh, jing, dan geh dapat menyisipi bahasa Lampung karena pengucapan ketiga fatis tersebut sesuai dengan sumber bunyi dalam bahasa Lampung. Ketiga fatis tersebut juga memiliki fungsinya sendiri. Tiap-tiap fatis memiliki fungsi yang berbeda dari fatis-fatis yang ada dalam bahasa Lampung. Selain itu, faktor kebiasaan juga membuat fatis atuh, jing, dan geh menjadi lazim digunakan di desa Sukaraja.Kerukunan antar suku bangsa yang terjadi di desa Sukaraja juga membuat masyarakat suku bangsa Lampung dapat menerima dengan baik keberadaan fatis atuh, jing, dan geh dalam bahasa Lampung. Keberadaan ketiga fatis tersebut dalam bahasa Lampung telah disadari oleh suku bangsa Lampung dan membuat mereka merasa semakin kaya dalam berbahasa.

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Talbot is a village made up of various ethnic groups such as ethnic and tribal Sundanese Lampung. The two tribes are the largest ethnic group in the village of Talbot. Lampung tribes and ethnic groups coexist and Sundanese culture mutually influence each other. This is seen in the use of language by the Lampung there are shells confirmation word (phatic) atuh, jing, and geh. Phatic third comes from the language. Phatic three shells Lampung language, because of the interaction between Lampung tribes and tribal Sundanese every day.

The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and quantitative approach. Research techniques used were participant observation and in-depth interviews. It is used to determine why the language of Lampung in Talbot village by the shells of phatic language. Literature review conducted to facilitate researchers in understanding the function of phatic phatic and themselves and to help researchers understand why phatic Sundanese language can menyisipi Lampung. In addition, the researchers also mempresentasekan number phatic atuh, jing, and geh which appeared in Lampung.

This study categorizes the informant to two criteria: the key informants (key informants) and supporting informants. Key informants consisted of three people. All three use real names or the researchers did not use a pseudonym.While informants are supporting some ethnic communities living in rural Lampung Talbot.

Based on the survey results revealed that phatic atuh, jing, and can geh menyisipi third language pronunciation phatic Lampung because according to the source of sound in the language of Lampung. Phatic Third also has its own function. Phatic each having different functions of phatic-phatic that exist in Lampung. In addition, the habit also makes phatic atuh, jing, and geh became prevalent in rural Talbot.

Harmony among ethnic groups occurred in the village of Talbot also made Lampung ethnic communities may welcome the presence of phatic atuh, jing, and geh in Lampung language. The existence of the third phatic language has been recognized by the Lampung Lampung tribe and make them feel even richer in the language."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas wacana narasi pengalaman menyedihkan yang dituliskan oleh anak usia sekolah. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah cara anak usia sekolah menyusun narasi mengenai pengalaman menyedihkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan struktur narasi pengalaman menyedihkan yang dituliskan oleh anak-anak sekolah. Partisipan N=141 dalam penelitian ini adalah anak berusia 8 mdash;11 tahun yang berada di kelas 3, 4, dan 5 SD di Kota Depok dan Bekasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditranskripsi dan dipilah berdasarkan teori narasi dari Labov dan Waletzky 1997 . Data berupa narasi diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jumlah topik pengalaman dan kelengkapan komponen struktur. Analisis data menghasilkan 9 jenis narasi, yaitu Narasi Tunggal Lengkap, Narasi Tunggal Tidak Lengkap, Narasi Tunggal Kompleks, Narasi Jamak Tidak Lengkap, Narasi Jamak Lengkap dan Tidak Lengkap, Narasi Jamak Terintegrasi Tidak Lengkap, Narasi Jamak Terintegrasi Kompleks, Narasi Jamak Terintegrasi Lengkap dan Tidak Lengkap, serta Narasi Jamak Terintegrasi Tidak Lengkap dan Kompleks. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa semakin tinggi usia anak, semakin kompleks struktur narasi yang diproduksi.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, we will discuss about the structure of children rsquo s written narrative. The focus in this study is how school age children express their sad experiences in written narratives. The purpose of this study is to analyze written narratives about their sad experiences. Participants in this study are 8 mdash 11 years old children at Class 3, 4, and 5 in Depok and Bekasi elementary schools. All data were transcripted, sorted, and analyzed based on Labov dan Waletzky 1997 narrative theory. The results are 9 types of narrative structures 1 Single Complete Narratives 2 Single Incomplete Narratives 3 Single Complex Narratives 4 Plural Incomple Narratives 5 Plural Complete and Incomplete Narratives 6 Plural Integrated Incomplete Narratives 7 Plural Integrated Complex Narratives 8 Plural Integrated Complete and Incomplete Narratives also 9 Plural Integrated Incomplete and Complex Narratives. This study has found that the higher the childs age is, the more complex the narrative structure is."

"Throughout Western society there are now strong pressures for social and racial integration but, in spite of these, recent experience has shown that greater intergroup contact can actually reinforce social distinctions and ethnic stereotypes. The studies collected here examine, from a broad sociological perspective, the sorts of face-to-face verbal exchange that are characteristic of industrial societies, and the volume as a whole pointedly demonstrates the role played by communicative phenomena in establishing and reinforcing social identity. The method of analysis that has been adopted enables the authors to reveal and examine a centrally important but hitherto little discussed conversational mechanism: the subconscious processes of inference that result from situational factors, social presuppositions and discourse conventions. The theory of conversation and the method of analysis that inform the author's approach are discussed in the first two chapters, and the case studies themselves examine interviews, counselling sessions and similar formal exchanges involving contacts between a wide range of different speakers: South Asians, West Indians and native English speakers in Britain; English natives and Chinese in South-East Asia; Afro-Americans, Asians and native English speakers in the United States; and English and French speakers in Canada. The volume will be of importance to linguists, anthropologists, psychologists, and others with a professional interest in communication, and its findings will have far-reaching applications in industrial and community relations and in educational practice."

"Looks at how social workers, their clients and other professionals manage the problems of social work. This book includes: studies of key practice areas in social work; analysis of the language and construction used in case studies of everyday social work practice; and exploration of ways in which professionals can examine their own practice."