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"Penyiksaan tenaga kerja (terutama perempuan) dari Indonesia (TKW) di luar negeri terus bermunculan dan berlanjut. keberlangsungan kejadian ini dari tahun ke tahun membuat banyak orang beranggapan seperti tidak ada tindakan apapun dari pemerintah untuk membela warga negaranya. Pemerintah pasti berkilah karena peraturan perundang-undangan untuk melindungi tenaga kerja Indonesia telah lama dibuat. tetapi demikianlah faktanya."

"The purpose of this research is to proof that internal and external factor, entrepreneur skill and ethos are influence to the strategy which applied in the UKM of Kabupaten Semarang simultaneously and partially. Micro entrepreneur has great potency in the natioanl and local economic according to this free maerket period. However, it is ethos and competition still in the low level. The main cause of this problem come up from environmetal exertion factor, among them are internal and external factor also the entrepreneur skill. In order t solve this problem need an accurate strategy to survive. This research purposed to study the influence of external and internal environment, entrepreneur skill and ethos on the micro entrepreneur strategy in Kabupaten Semarang. A causal research has been done on 60 micro entrepreneurs through four dependent variables and one independent variable using SPSS. The result shown that internal and external factor, entrepreneur skill and ethos has significant influenced on the strategy that applied by the micro entrepreneur in Kabupaten Semarang partially or simultaneously."

"PT ABC merupakan salah satu importir dan distributor alat kesehatan di Indonesia. Pasca pandemi covid-19 banyak pengusaha baru tertarik melakukan impor sehingga menimbulkan tingkat persaingan harga pada produk alat kesehatan yang semakin tinggi.Selain faktor persaingan, tingginya biaya-biaya operasional juga membuat labaperusahaan menurun. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan kerja keras manajemen untukmelakukan tindakan-tindakan yang dapat melakukan strategic cost atau manajemenbiaya untuk setiap aktivitas perusahaan sehingga mampu memaksimalkan profitabilitas. Mengacu pada situasi tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis aktivitas yang tidak bernilai tambah dalam peningkatan efisiensi biaya operasional perusahaan. Analisis Value Chain dan Activity-Based Management digunakan sebagai kerangka penelitian ini. Studi kasus dengan metode analisis kualitatifdan dalam rangka memperkuat hasil analisis dilakukan observasi, analisis dokumen,wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dan diskusi internal dengan tim manajemen PT ABC. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hambatan atas supplier terkait minimal quantity order, annual target dan minimal amount order serta hambatan dari logistik berupa lokasi gudang dan proses pengiriman produk yang menggunakan berbagai jenis ekspedisi pilihan pelanggan. Hambatan-hambatan tersebut menyebabkanterdapat aktivitas yang tidak bernilai tambah (non-value added activity) pada rantai nilai PT ABC yang dapat dilakukan penghapusan, pengurangan, seleksi dan sharing aktivitas yang tidak bernilai tambah sehingga menghasilkan penghematan yang dapat mengurangi biaya operasional perusahaan untuk memaksimalkan profitabilitas.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan penerapan Value Chain Analysis dan Activity-Based Management maka PT ABC dapat melakukan manajemen biaya dan efisiensi biaya untuk memaksimalkan profitabilitas.

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PT ABC is one of Indonesia's importers and distributors of medical equipment. After the

Covid-19 pandemic, many new entrepreneurs became interested in importation,

resulting in increased price competition for medical device products. Additionally,

excessive operational costs contributed to the company's profit decline. Therefore, it

requires a commitment of management to implement strategic costs or cost management

for each company's activities in order to maximize profitability. This study seeks to

identify and analyze non-value-added activities that contribute to increasing the

operational cost efficiency of the company. This study employs Value Chain Analysis

and Activity-Based Management as its framework. To strengthen the results of the

analysis, observations, document analysis, in-depth interviews, and internal discussions

with PT ABC's management team were conducted. The results of the analysis indicate

that there are obstacles for suppliers associated with the minimum order quantity,

annual target, and minimum order amount, as well as obstacles from logistics in the

form of warehouse locations and product delivery processes employing a variety of

customer-selected expedition types. These obstacles cause non-value-added activities in

PT ABC's value chain that can be eliminated, reduced, selected, and shared in order to

generate savings that can reduce the company's operational costs and increase its

profitability. This study concludes that by applying Value Chain Analysis and Activity-

Based Management, PT ABC can maximize profitability through cost management and

cost efficiency."