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"Kota Solo di bawah kepemimpinan Walikota Joko Widodo (2005 -2010 dan 2010 - 2015) merupakan salah satu daerah yang dirujuk sebagai best practice dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Tesis ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan causal maps kepemimpinan Joko Widodo dalam merumuskan kebijakan daya saing daerah di Kota Solo. Analisis data menggunakan teknik cognitive maps dengan panduan dari Ackermann, dkk., kemudian dikonversi melalui metode NUMBER (Normalized Unit Modeling By Elementary Relationship) yang diperkenalkan Kim Dong-Hwan, sehingga menjadi system dynamics dengan bantuan software Vensim. Untuk menunjang penelitian, teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis yaitu teori daya saing daerah, teori kepemimpinan dan teori dynamic capabilities. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa peta pemikiran Joko Widodo dalam kapasitasnya sebagai pemimpin dalam merumuskan kebijakan daya saing daerah di Kota Solo. Hasilnya berdasarkan causal maps Joko Widodo dalam merumuskan kebijakan daya saing daerah, penyebab (causes) daya saing daerah Kota Solo adalah program pro rakyat, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan dua faktor pembentuk daya saing daerah, yaitu lingkungan usaha yang produktif dan meningkatkan kualitas infrastruktur dan lingkungan. Dalam perumusan kebijakan yang dilakukannya, Joko Widodo bersifat balancing atau keseimbangan antara satu kebijakan dengan kebijakan yang lainnnya. Hasil kebijakan daya saing daerah Kota Solo akan terlihat setelah 65 bulan berjalan. Sisi kepemimpinan Joko Widodo dalam merumuskan daya saing daerah dikategorikan ke dalam tipe transformational leadership. Joko Widodo mendorong praktek dynamic governance dalam kepemimpinnya. Agile process dan able people dimulai dengan melakukan reformasi di bidang pelayanan publik. Untuk kemampuan thinking ahead, thinking again dan thinking across Pemerintahan Kota Solo sebagian besar berasal dari Joko Widodo, sehingga diperlukan kebijakan khusus agar inovasi dan kebijakan yang telah berjalan dapat berkelanjutan di masa yang akan datang.

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The city of Solo under the leadership of Mayor Joko Widodo (2005 -2010 and 2010 - 2015) is one of local areas referred to be as the best local government practice. This thesis aim is to describe the causal maps of Joko Widodo leadership in formulating a regional competitiveness policy in the city of Solo. Analysis of data using the techniques of cognitive maps using the guide of Ackermann, et al. Then converted through a NUMBER method (Normalized Units By Elementary Relationship Modeling), which was introduced by Kim Dong-Hwan, to become the system dynamics. The simulation process is help by Vensim software.

To support the research, theories used to analyze are the theory of regional competitiveness, leadership theory and the theory of dynamic capabilities. The results of this study was forming the causal maps of Joko Widodo in his capacity as a leader in formulating regional competitiveness policy in the city of Solo.

By the results on causal maps of Joko Widodo in formulating regional competitiveness policy, the causes of regional competitiveness in Solo is a propeople programs, which in turn increases the competitiveness of the two factors that forming regional competitiveness, which is a business productive environment and improvement on the quality of infrastructure and the environment. In the formulation of his policy, Joko Widodo reinforcing or strengthening of one policy with another policy. The results of competitiveness policy in the city of Solo will be seen after 65 months of practice.

Joko Widodo side of leadership in formulating regional competitiveness policy categorized into the type of transformational leadership. Joko Widodo encourage dynamic governance practices in leadership. Agile process and able people begin with reforms of public services. The ability of thinking ahead, thinking again and thinking across of the City of Solo mostly come from Joko Widodo, so it requires a special policy for innovation and policies that have run can be sustained in the future."

"Desentralisasi di Indonesia, yang tumbuh seiring gelombang demokratisasi, telah mengubah langgam hubungan pemimpin dan rakyat yang dipimpinnya, karena kini rakyat berwewenang penuh untuk memilih kepala daerahnya sendiri. Namun bersamaan dengan kehadiran wewenang tersebut, timbul permasalahan ketidakseimbangan informasi, yang diakibatkan oleh ketidak-tahuan masyarakat tentang kompetensi dan preferensi kebijakan pemimpin mereka. Hal ini menegaskan pentingnya seorang pemimpin daerah untuk menciptakan hubungan interaktif dengan masyarakatnya dan membangun kepercayaan mereka. Untuk memahami hubungan tersebut, Peneliti melakukan pengamatan berperanserta terhadap Walikota Surakarta (Solo) Joko Widodo ("Jokowi") menggunakan bingkai teori dramaturgi Erving Goffman, yang memanfaatkan metafor teater untuk menganalisis perilaku manusia (Mulyana, 2010:106). Pemahaman tersebut lalu ditelaah menggunakan Teori Keagenan yang mempelajari tentang hubungan prinsipal-agen dan masalah-masalah di dalamnya (Eisenhardt, 1989:58). Peneliti mendapati bahwa melalui sikap yang tidak selamanya konsisten dengan pemahaman dramaturgi, Jokowi melaksanakan berbagai strategi komunikasi politik untuk memitigasi ketidak-seimbangan informasi di Kota Solo.

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Decentralisation in Indonesia has changed the nature of relationship between the country?s local leaders and their respective people, as the latter has now the sole discretion to elect their own leaders. This role naturally raises the information asymmetry, due to people?s unawareness of the chosen leader's competence and policy preference. Such asymmetry underscores the importance for local leaders to develop an interactional relationship with its people to induce their faith on her/him.

For the purpose of this thesis, city mayor Joko Widodo (?Jokowi?) of Surakarta (Solo) was observed using the framework of Erving Goffman?s Theory of Dramaturgy, which employs the metaphor of theatre to analyse human's behavior (Mulyana, 2010:106). The outcomes were then examined in the context of Agency Theory that studies principal-agency relationship and its underlying problems (Eisenhardt, 1989:58).

Through this analysis, the thesis elicits Jokowi's political communications strategy that is not consistently aligned with the dramatugical assumptions, and ways such strategy mitigate information asymmetry as the chief issue of the Agency Theory."

"Seorang kepala daerah dengan kemampuannya diharapkan dapat memahami perubahan yang terjadi secara cepat dan tepat dalam perspektif nasional maupun internasional dan mampu memandu perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik. Keberhasilan untuk memandu perubahan akan sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas Kepala Daerah (Gubernur, Walikota, Bupati) dalam mengembangkan visi dan misi organisasi pemerintahannya sehingga mampu mengembangkan inovasi, berwawasan ke depan dan siap melakukan perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik.Dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis bagaimana kepemimpinan ?PDA? selaku Bupati di Challenge dari Kouzes dan Posner (2004) dalam mewujudkan tujuan pemekaran daerah di Kabupaten XX dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Praktik Kepemimpinan Bapak ?PDA? dapat dikatakan mendekati deskripsi kepemimpinan menurut teori The Leadership Challenge dari Kouzes dan Posner (2004). Hal yang tampak kuat dalam kepemimpinan Bapak Bupati adalah pada 4 (empat) buah praktik kepemimpinan, yaitu : Model The Way, Inspire A Shared Vision, Enable Others To Act Dan Encourage The Heart, Namun tidak tampak begitu kuat pada praktik kepemimpinan Challenge The Process. Bupati XX pun telah mempraktikan kepemimpinannya dalam pencapaian tujuan pemekaran daerah di Kabupaten XX.

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A regional leader with his or her ability is expected to have ability in understanding the changes that occur quickly and appropriately in both national and international perspectives and also can lead the way to a better condition. The success in coping with change will be determined by the quality of the leader itself (Governor or Regent) in developing the local government?s vision and mission; therefore, it is able to develop its innovation, visionary, and ready for change.In this research, there is an analysis of the leadership practised by ?PDA? as the Regent in the XX Regency based on the theory of The Leadership Challenge by Kouzes and Posner (2004) in achieving the goals of the regional division by using qualitative method. From the analysis, it is concluded that the leadership practice by the Regent is approximately the same as the description of leadership in the theory. The strength of the Regent?s leadership in the five practices of the theory by Kouzes and Posner (2004) are model the way, inspire a shared vision, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. However, he is weak in the challenge in achieving the goals of regional division in the XX Regency."

"Isi tesis ini membahas mengenai kepemimpinan dalam tata kelola pemerintahan yang merupakan suatu factor penentu keberhasilan atau kegagalan suatu pemerintahan. Baik itu pemerintahan pusat maupun di daerah. Tanpa kepemimpinan yang baik hampir mustahil suatu organisasi, terutama organisasi publik, dapat berhasil mencapat tujuan dan cita-cita yang diharapkan. Keberhasilan kepemimpinan dalam suatu organisasi pemerintahan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor dukungan politik yang kuat ataupuan kepintaran individu pemimpin, namun juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Faktor penentu ini dapat berasal baik eksternal organisasi ataupun eksternal pemimpin sebagai individu. Dan juga dari faktor internal, baik internal organisasi ataupun internal pemimpin sebagai individu. Dalam penelitian ini ditunjukkan suatu kondisi yang mempengaruhi kegagalan dan keberhasilan pemimpin pemerintahan dalam melakukan penata kelolaan suatu organisasi pemerintahan di tingkat daerah.

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This study discussed the role of leadership in governance as a determining factor for the success of a government—both central and regional governments. Without good leadership, it is almost impossible for an organisation, especially a public organisation, to achieve the expected goals and ideals. Leadership success in a government organisation is not only determined by solid political support or the intelligence of individual leaders but is also influenced by various factors. These determinants can come from external, both external to the organisation and external to the leader as an individual. And also, from internal factors, both internal organisations and internal leaders as individuals. The research shows a condition that affects the failure and success of government leaders in managing a government organisation."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kepemimpinan pemerintahan daerah dalam implementasi kebijakan pembangunan. Adapun kasus yang diteliti adalah mengenai pembangunan Unit Pengolahan Sampah di Kota Depok di tahun 2008. Program pengadaan sarana dan prasarana di bidang persampahan ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab permasalahan lingkungan hidup di Kota Depok, khususnya keterbatasan lahan pembuangan sampah. Sehingga pada skala kawasan, dibangunlah 20 unit pengolahan sampah (UPS). Selain itu juga, melihat bagaimana keterkaitan kepemimpinan pemerintahanan daerah terhadap resistensi warga terkait dengan implementasi tersebut. Penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kepemimpinan pemerintahan daerah di Kota Depok belum optimal dalam mengimplementasikan pembangunan UPS. Kemudian, kaitan antara kepemimpinan pemerintahan daerah dengan resistensi warga masyarakat terjadi terutama dalam aspek politik.

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The focus of this study is to explore the leadership in the implementation of government?s policy. The case being studied is the policy development in the Waste Processing Unit (UPS) in Depok Municipality year 2008. The waste program facilities are intended to address the problem of limited waste disposal area. This study is designed to find out the leadership of local government and also the regent legislative members play their role in the implementation of the policy that they have decided and legalized. In addition, it is also aimed to describe how the leadership?s role in the citizen resistance cases. By using qualitative research approach, it is concluded that the local government leadership in Depok municipality was not optimal in playing its role as well as in facing the citizen resistance."

"The birth of constitution No 22 & 25 year 1999 is the first step to repair the running of the governance that tends to be centralistic to a more decentralistic environment by giving expanded autonomy at local level. Both constitutions are expected to generate democratization by giving more space for public participation in the politics field, the handling at local level monetary, and the utilization of other local resources.History has says that during the implementation of constitution No. 5 year 1974, the nuances policy is dominantly have the nature of top down, rather than bottom up. This kind of policy have the tendency to minimize local government roles. Therefore, the concept of local development that focused on the involvement of the local interest's (participation approach) needs to be nurtured. The public participation can be representated through a good election process, so the people role's can be seen from local council strength in controlling policy execution by the executive.Public participation at the local level is interesting to study because basically the public participation on the execution of local autonomy is the form of representativeness from a policy. This is needed as a way to create good governance by developing, strengthening and public empowering with the condition that there civil society and people have capability therefore to begin initiatives, discussing, formulating recommendation, debating it, make an agreement, deciding, monitoring and evaluating the making process and executing public policy that within the authority of the government.Participation has a very important meaning for democratic government system, even means for the embodiment of power that lies in the people's hand. Participation means to ensure that every policy taken reflect .the people's aspiration. Studies on various literature shows that participation is a mayor part of good governance. The aim of this research is to analyze how is the process of formulating local regulation, where in the process of formulating it there are two factors that will be effecting the result of a local regulation draft being discussed, which is the articulation of various interest by the local council and the public participation in the process of formulating it. This research basically is trying to bring up and describing many things thats connected to public participation in the process of formulating local regulation. The method of this research used qualitative approach. This research also comes as a case study, its means so that the research are conducted more throughly and to understand the symptoms in a holistic approach. The data is gamed from studying various document that related with the formulation process of local regulation and by conducting in depth interview to the members and staff of local council that involved in formulating each local regulation, special committee for public order in Depok, the community leaders, and non government organization involved in the process of formulating local regulation.From the analization it is known that in connection with the law ground on the public participation in the process of formulating local regulation, there is no clear regulations for the citizen right to participate. This research is conducted at Depok city shows that the rules of Local Council in Depok City is not sufficiently accommodate the existence of public participation in the process of formulating local regulation.The research shows that are space to public participation formally and informally in the process of formulating local regulation, but the utilization of the space available is not maximal due to the process of formulating local regulation regarding public order in Depok City, public participation only existed at RDPU (Public Hearing). The participation happened only in the formal context, which is the involvement in the RDPU at the consultation level. In Am stein perspective this consultation level is in the "degree of Tokenism' which marked the existence of two-way dialogue between public and local council even the nature of the dialogue is cooptative."

"ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaruh pergantian kepala daerah terhadap pengelolaan keuangan. Pengelolaan keuangan dimulai sejak proses perencanaan hingga pertanggungjawaban dan pemeriksaan. Untuk mengukur kinerja pengelolaan keuangan, penelitian ini menggunakan proksi realisasi anggaran belanja semester pertama atas belanja total, belanja barang dan jasa, dan belanja modal, serta proksi hasil pemeriksaan BPK berupa pertumbuhan opini audit, jumlah temuan atas kelemahan sistem pengendalian internal, jumlah temuan atas ketidakpatuhan regulasi, dan nilai ketidakpatuhan regulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan pengujian hipotesisnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi data panel untuk tahun anggaran 2011 dan 2012. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pergantian kepala daerah hanya berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap realisasi belanja barang dan jasa pada semester pertama. Namun, berdasarkan uji statistik, terdapat cukup bukti bahwa pergantian kepala daerah yang diinteraksikan dengan tingkat kemenangan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap realisasi belanja modal semester satu dan pertumbuhan opini audit. Kemudian ketika diinteraksikan dengan lama masa jabatan, pengaruhnya menjadi positif dan signifikan terhadap realisasi belanja barang dan jasa semester satu, namun negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan opini audit.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses the effect of regional head change on financial management. Financial management begin from the planning process to accountability and audit. To measure the performance of financial management, this study uses a proxy realization of total budget realization on the half term, spending on goods and services on the half term, and capital expenditures on the half term, as well as a proxy from BPK audit report, which consist of the growth of audit opinion, the number of findings on internal control systems weakness, the number of findings on regulatory non-compliance, and the value of regulatory non-compliance findings. This study uses quantitative methods and the hypothesis testing is done by panel data regression for fiscal year 2011 and 2012. The results of this study indicate that the change of the head region only effects negatively and significantly on the one half term of good and service expenditure realization. Then, based on the statistical tests, there is enough evidence that the change of the head region which is moderated with the number of voting has significant and positve effect on the realization of one half term capital expenditures and the growth of BPK audit opinion. When it is moderated with how long he/she became a head of region, the effect is positive and significant on the realization of one half term capital expenditures, but negative and significant on the growth of BPK audit opinion.

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"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kepemimpinan pasangan Walikota Joko Widodo dan Wakil Walikota FX. Hadi Rudyatmo di Kota Surakarta, yang harmonis dan langgeng hingga dua periode. Latar belakang seorang Joko Widodo sebagai seorang pengusaha dikombinasi latar belakang FX. Hadi Rudyatmo sebagai politisi murni, mampu membawakan gaya kepemimpinan yang visoner, egaliter, santun, bersih, tegas dan merakyat. Di dalam penelitian ini juga akan digali apa saja faktor yang membuat pasangan ini bisa cocok dan selaras satu sama lain dan pengaruhnya pada pembangunan demokrasi lokal di Surakarta serta dampaknya pada stabilitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Surakarta.Landasan teoritis penelitian ini menggunakan teori konflik dan integrasi dari Peter M. Blau, Richard L. Poe dan Georg Simmel. Di samping itu juga menggunakan teori kepemimpinan dari Bernard & Ruth Bass dan Bruce J. Avolio, Kurt Lewin, James M. Burns dan Herbert Feith. Pendekatan mengenai Demokrasi dan Pemerintahan Lokal menggunakan teori John Steward dan Demokrasi Deliberatif dari Iris Marion Young. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer diperoleh melalui wawancara. Sementara sumber sekunder diperoleh dari media massa dan kajian pustaka.Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis menemukan bahwa Walikota Joko Widodo dan Wakil Walikota FX. Hadi Rudyatmo menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis transformasional dikombinasi dengan implementasi demokrasi deliberasi atau partisipatoris konsultatif. Selain itu penulis juga menemukan hal-hal lainnya yang ikut mempengaruhi gaya kepemimpinan, tindakan, dan kebijakan yang diambil oleh pasangan kepala daerah Kota Surakarta ini, yaitu latar belakang kehidupan keluarga, pengalaman hidup, kepekaan terhadap lingkungan sekitar dan karakter personal yang mampu menyatukan keduanya sehingga menjadi pasangan yang cerdas mengelola konflik sehingga terjalin soliditas dan satu kesatuan pribadi yang saling mengisi. Berbekal seluruh nilai-nilai idealitas kepemimpinan yang diimplementasikan keduanya, Joko Widodo dan FX. Hadi Rudyatmo mampu melanggengkan hubungan harmonis mereka melebihi batas struktur, waktu dan ruang politik

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This research analyzes the leadership of Mayor Joko Widodo and Deputy Mayor FX. Hadi Rudyatmo in Surakarta that has been harmonious and lasted for two periods. Joko Widodo’s background as an entrepreneur combined with FX. Hadi Rudyatmo’s background as a dedicated politician has resulted a visionary, egalitarian, courteous, clean, resolute and populist. This research will also scrutinize whatever factors that make this pair compatible with each other and the effect it has on the local democracy development in Surakarta and on the stability of government implementation in Surakarta.

The theoritical foundation of this research is the theory of conflict and integration from Peter M. Blau, Richard L. Poe and Georg Simmel. In conjunction with the leadership theory from Bernard & Ruth Bass and Bruce J. Avolio, Kurt Lewin, James M. Burns and Herbert Feith. The approach on democracy and local government applies John Steward’s theory, deliberative democracy from Iris Marion Young. This research utilizes qualitative method with primary and secondary data. Primary sources were gathered through direct interviews while secondary sources were assembled from mass media and literature review.

This research reveals that Mayor Joko Widodo and Deputy Mayor FX. Hadi Rudyatmo implemented transformational democratic leadership style combined with deliberative democracy or consultative participatory. This research also reveals other factors that have affected leadership style, actions, and policies taken by the pair of these Surakarta leaders: family background, life experiences, sensibility to their surroundings and personal characters. Those factors have a major role in uniting the two persons and have molded them into a pair of leaders who excel in conflict management so their cooperation was a solid and effective one. With all those virtues of leadership they implemented, both of Joko Widodo and FX. Hadi Rudyatmo preserve their harmonious political and social relationship beyond the boundaries of political structure, time and space."