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"Perencanaan Pemulangan Pasien (P3) menjadi salah satu standar yang harus dipenuhi dalam standar nasional akreditasi rumah sakit. Namun, pelaksanaan dan pendokumentasian P3 belum optimal. Perlu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan terkait P3, yang salah satunya didapat dari aktivitas belajar mandiri dalam dunia kerja (workplace learning). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kesiapan penerapan self-directed learning dengan pengetahuan perawat pelaksana dalam P3 di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 110 perawat yang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Alat ukur menggunakan Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) untuk mengukur kesiapan penerapan SDL, dan Kuesioner Pengetahuan Perawat Pelaksana dalam P3. Hasil uji statistik menyatakan bahwa kesiapan penerapan SDL dengan pengetahuan perawat dalam P3 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p value 0.005). Perawat pelaksana yang mempunyai kesiapan SDL yang negatif berpeluang untuk berpengetahuan baik sebesar 6 kali dibandingkan dengan perawat yang memiliki kesiapan pembelajaran mandiri yang positif (95% CI OR 1.780;19,275). Besaran koefisien determinan diketahui bahwa kesiapan penerapan SDL berpengaruh sebesar 13.3% terhadap pengetahuan perawat pelaksana dalam P3, dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain. Rekomendasi diberikan agar manajer keperawatan meyakini seorang perawat sebagai long-life learner, meningkatkan peran dan fungsi manajemen, serta menciptakan lingkungan, budaya dan iklim organisasi untuk melakukan pembelajaran mandiri di dalam dunia kerja.

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Discharge Planning is one of the standard that must be found in hospital accreditation. However, the implementation and documentation of discharge planning is not optimal. There needs to be an increase in knowledge related to discharge planning, one of which is obtained from self-learning activities in the workplace (workplace learning). This study aims to identify the relationship of self-directed learning readiness with the knowledge of discharge planning at Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta.

The study design used descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach on 110 nurses selected by purposive sampling. Instrument uses the Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) and the Implementing Nurse Knowledge Questionnaire in discharge planning.

The results of the statistical test stated that the readiness to implement SDL with nurses knowledge in discharge planning had a significant relationship (p value 0.005). Implementing nurses who have negative SDLRS readiness have the opportunity to have good knowledge 6 times compared to nurses who have positive SDLRS (95% CI OR 1,780; 19,275). SDLRS has an effect of 13.3% on the knowledge of nurse implementers in discharge planning, and the remainder is influenced by other factors.

Recommendations are given so that nursing managers believe in a nurse as a long-life learner, enhance the role and function of management, and create an organizational environment, culture and climate to conduct independent learning in the world of work."

"Efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier menjadi topik yang penting dalam perkembangan karier mahasiswa karena banyak dikaitkan dengan ketidakpastian karier, kestabilan dan persistensi karier seseorang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh dukungan kontekstual, hambatan kontekstual dan kepribadian proaktif terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier pada mahasiswa melalui self-directed learning berdasarkan Social Cognitive Career Theory SCCT. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan 496 mahasiswa semester 4 dari seluruh fakultas di Universitas Indonesia. Partisipan diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan dari Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Dukungan dan Hambatan Kontekstual, 17-item Proactive Personality Scale dan Student Self-Directed Learning Questionaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan kontekstual dan kepribadian proaktif memiliki pengaruh secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui self-directed learning secara positif dan signifikan terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier. Hambatan kontekstual memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui self-directed learning secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan teoritik karena pembahasan hanya berbasis pada pandangan SCCT model pilihan karier. Padahal dalam perkembangannya teori SCCT mengembangkan beberapa model yang dapat memperluas pembahasan efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi praktis bahwa mahasiswa yang memiliki ciri-ciri kepribadian proaktif akan tercermin pada seseorang yang memiliki ciri-ciri self-directed learning, yaitu bertanggung jawab terhadap pendidikan yang ditekuni dan dapat beradaptasi terhadap hambatan yang dijumpainya. Saran penelitian ini antara lain untuk memantapkan efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier, hambatan perlu diminimalisir dengan meningkatkan self-directed learning, membangun inisiatif mahasiswa dan meningkatkan dukungan kontekstual.

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Career decision self efficacy is an important topic in the career development because it is associated with career uncertainty, stability and persistence of one 39 s career. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of contextual support, contextual barriers, and proactive personality on career decisions self efficacy through self directed learning, based on Social Cognitive Career Theory. A quantitative study is carried out, involving 496 fourth semester students from all faculties in Universitas Indonesia. Participants have to answer the Career Decision Self Efficacy Short Form Scale, Support and Barriers Contextual Scale, 17 item Proactive Personality Scale and the Student Self Directed Learning Questionnaire.

The results showed that support contextual and proactive personality has a direct and indirect effect through self directed learning in a positive and significant impact on career decision self efficacy. Contextual barriers have an indirect effect through self directed learning in a negative and significant impact on career decision self efficacy. This study has limitations because the theoretical discussion is only based on the views SCCT model of career choice. Whereas SCCT has developed several models to expand the discussion of career decision self efficacy.

This research has practical implications that students who have a proactive personality traits will be reflected as a person who has the characteristics of self directed learning, which is responsible for their education and can adapt to any obstacles encountered. The suggestion of this research is to establish career decision self efficacy, barriers need to be minimized by increasing self directed learning, build student rsquo s initiative and improve contextual support."

"[Dalam perjalanan di perkuliahan, mahasiswa akan menemukan masalah salah satunya masalah karir, yaitu merasa salah pada jurusan yang telah dipilihnya dan menyebabkan ketidakyakinan pada jurusan yang telah dipilihnya. Keyakinan mahasiswa untuk tetap persisten pada jurusan yang telah dipilih erat kaitannya dengan career decision self-efficacy. Salah satu faktor yang dapat membantu mahasiswa untuk dapat mencapai career decision self-efficacy adalah self-directed learning pada individu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan self-directed learning terhadap career decision self-efficacy pada mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia (UI). Responden penelitian ini terdiri dari 516 orang mahasiswa S1 UI tahun kedua atau semester 4. Self-directed learning diukur menggunakan Student Self-Directed Learning Questionnaire dari De Bruin (2008, dalam De Bruin dan Cornelius, 2011) dan career decision self-efficacy diukur dengan Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short-Form dari Betz dan Taylor (1983, dalam Betz & Taylor, 2006) yang telah diadaptasi dan dimodifikasi oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara self-directed learning dan career decision self-efficacy (r = 0.576; p < 0.05). Selain itu, hasil juga menunjukkan ada hubungan antara dimensi self-directed learning (perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi) dan career decision self-efficacy. Implikasi dari penelitian ini untuk perguruan tinggi diharapkan agar diadakan pelatihan terkait self-directed learning bagi mahasiswa agar memiliki pengarahan diri dalam pembelajarannya, agar mahasiswa lebih mandiri dalam belajar, menekuni dan mendalami pengetahuan dari jurusan yang dipilihnya sehingga dapat lebih yakin dengan keputusan karirnya.;During their University years, students may encounter problems such as career problem, defined as feeling of mistakenly being in their own chosen study program which then causing hesitation for being in the program. Students? assuredness to be persistent in doing the chosen program is highly related with career decision self-efficacy. One factor that can help students to achieve career decision self-efficacy is by applying self-directed learning for each student. The main purpose of this research is to see the relationship between self-directed learning and career decision self-efficacy among undergraduates students in Universitas Indonesia (UI). A total of 516 students who are currently enrolled in the second or fourth semester participated in the research. Self-directed learning was measured using Student Self-Directed Learning Questionnaire proposed by De Bruin (2008; in De Bruin & Cornelius, 2011) and career decision self-efficacy was measured using Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short-Form designed by Betz and Taylor (1983; in Betz & Taylor, 2006). The two measures were adapted and modified by the researcher. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between self-directed learning and career decision self-efficacy (r = 0.576; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results also show that there is a relationship between the dimensions of self-directed learning (planning, implementing, and evaluating) and career decision self-efficacy. The implication of this research is that University is expected to organize training about self-directed learning for the students to have better direction in their studies, so that students more independent in learning, occupy, and steep the knowledge of the major that has been chosen as well as inducing their career decision self-efficacy., During their University years, students may encounter problems such as career problem, defined as feeling of mistakenly being in their own chosen study program which then causing hesitation for being in the program. Students’ assuredness to be persistent in doing the chosen program is highly related with career decision self-efficacy. One factor that can help students to achieve career decision self-efficacy is by applying self-directed learning for each student. The main purpose of this research is to see the relationship between self-directed learning and career decision self-efficacy among undergraduates students in Universitas Indonesia (UI). A total of 516 students who are currently enrolled in the second or fourth semester participated in the research. Self-directed learning was measured using Student Self-Directed Learning Questionnaire proposed by De Bruin (2008; in De Bruin & Cornelius, 2011) and career decision self-efficacy was measured using Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short-Form designed by Betz and Taylor (1983; in Betz & Taylor, 2006). The two measures were adapted and modified by the researcher. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between self-directed learning and career decision self-efficacy (r = 0.576; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results also show that there is a relationship between the dimensions of self-directed learning (planning, implementing, and evaluating) and career decision self-efficacy. The implication of this research is that University is expected to organize training about self-directed learning for the students to have better direction in their studies, so that students more independent in learning, occupy, and steep the knowledge of the major that has been chosen as well as inducing their career decision self-efficacy.]"

"Latar belakang: Strategi problem based learning pada kurikulum berbasis kompetensi didasari atas adult learning theory, dimana salah satu ciri dari adult learning adalah self directed learning. Kemampuan self directed learning perlu diberikan dan dilatih, agar siswa kelak lulus nanti dapat mengembangkan keilmuannya. Melihat pentingnya self directed learning, maka perlu adanya suatu gambaran bagaimana penerapan self directed learning pada kegiatan mandiri oleh para siswa kita serta faktor yang berhubungan dengannya. Metoda: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah 266 mahasiswa semester 3 FK UKRIDA. Instrument yang dipakai untuk pengumpulan data terdiri dari 3 kuesioner, yaitu: kuesioner penerapan self directed learning, motivasi dan pemanfaatan waktu pada kegiatan mandiri. Hasil data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan chi square lest. Hasil: Penerapan self direcled learning didalam PBL diterapkan oleh 68% mahasiswa, 71,8% mahasiswa mempunyai motivasi baik, tetapi hanya 28,2% yang memanfaatkan waktu pada kegiatan mandiri. Kesimpulan: Adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara mahasiswa yang menerapkan self directed learning dengan motivasi belajar, pemanfaatan waktu pada kegiatan mandiri.

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Background: Problem based learning strategy in competency based curriculum was based on adult learning theory which is characterized by self directed learning. Student should be trained self directed learning. so after graduation they could develop their knowledge. Due to the importance of self directed learning, it is necessery to know the process of self directed learning and factors related to it.

Method: A cross sectional design has been conducted among 266 third semester medical student at University of Ukrida. Three questionaires were used to collect data related to self directed learning, motivation and time management. Data were analize using chi square test.

Result: Self directed learning in the PBL session was done by 68% of students, 71,8% has a good motivation, however only 28.2% used the time allocated in the PBL.

Conclusion: Motivation, time management were found significantly related to self directed learning."

"Latar belakang: Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah atau Problem-based Learning (PBL) merupakan suatu pendekatan yang efektif dalam student-centered learning. Melalui metode PBL, mahasiswa diharapkan lebih Siap untuk belajar mandiri. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau (FK Unri) Pekanbaru telah melaksanakan metode PBL sejak tahun 2004. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode PBL terhadap kesiapan belajar mandiri pada rnahasiswa FK Unri. Mctode: Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner terhadap mahasiswa FK Unri yang belum maupun yang sudah mengikuti metode PBL. dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2007. Subjek penelitian diambil Secara acak dari kedua jenis populasi yang terdiri dari 40 orang mahasiswa yang belum mengikuti metode PBL. dan 40 orang mahasiswa yang sudah mengikuti metode PBL. Kesiapan belajar mandiri mahasiswa dinilai dengan menggunakan skala Fisher. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi Cox. Hasil: Dari 80 kuesioner yang dianalisis. sebagian besar subjek adalah perempuan (62,5%), berasal dari SMA dalam kota (80,0%), mempunyai waktu belajar yang cukup (58,8%), mempunyai sumber belajar yang mcmadai (86.3%) dan linggal di tcmpat kos (60,0%). Subjek yang mempunyai kesiapan belajar mandiri sebanyak 6l,3%. Subjek yang sudah mengikuti metode PBL mempunyai kesiapan belajar mandiri 1.96 kali Iebih siap jika dibandingkan dengan subjek yang belum mengikuti metode PBL (risiko relatif suaian 1,96; 95% interval kepercayaan = L30 ~ 2,94; P = 0.00l). Kesimpulan: Kesiapan belajar mandiri pada mahasiswa Fl( Unri dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan metode PBL.

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Background: Problem-based Learning (PBL) is an effective approach to promote student-centered learning. Students were thought to be more prepared in conducting self-directed learning by implementation of PBL Faculty of Medicine University of Riau has implemented PBL since 2004. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of PBL on self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) among students in Faculty of' Medicine University of Riau.

Methods: The research was a cross sectional study using self report questionnaires obtained from both PBL students and non-PBL students. conducted in July 2007. Fourty students from each group were randomly selected. The SDLR was assessed using Fisher scale. Data analysis was carried out using Cox regression.

Result: The response rate of the questionnaire was l00%. The result revealed the characteristics of participants which are female (62.5%), originated from city high school (80.0%), had adequate study time (S8.8%), had adequate learning resources (86.3%) and stayed in student dormitory (60.0%). Among 61 3% of' the participants showed readiness in conducting se|t`-directed learning. The PBL students had the readiness more likely two times higher than the non-PBL students (adjusted relative risk 1.96: 95% confidence interval = 1.30 - 194; P = 0.00l).

Conclusion: Self-directed learning readiness among students in Faculty of Medicine University of Riau can be increased by PBL."

"Latar Belakang : Kesiapan Belajar Mandiri merupakan syarat utama untuk menjalankan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat bagi lulusan Fakuhas Kedokteran. Kegiatan di Klinik Komunitas merupakan suatu strategi pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan Kesiapan Belajar Mandiri mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan klinik komunitas dan faktor lainnya terhadap kesiapan belajar mandiri. Metodc : Penelitian dilakukan secara cross-sectional melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner khusus lerhadap mahasiswa Fakultas llmu Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta angkalan pertama. Faktor-faktor Iain yang dinilai adalah IPK, asal sekolah, tempat tinggal, jenis kelamin, ketersediaan waklu dan ketersediaan sumber be!ajar. Penilaian Kesiapan Belajar Mandiri menggunakan Skala Fisher. Analisis statistik menggunakan rgresi cox. Seluruh kuesioner dapat dianalisis dari 50 subyek yang diwawancara. Hasil : Sebagian besar subjek berumur 21 tahun (64%), memiliki IPK di atas 2,5 (62%), berasal dari Iuar kota (66%), tidak memiliki ketersediaan wakm yang eukup untuk belajar (60%) dan memiliki Sumber belajar yang memadai(54%), serta tinggal di lingkungan kos (66%), Jumlah subyek perempuan lebih banyak daripada iaki-laki (62%) dan yang mengikuti kegiatan di klinik komunitas Iebih kecil daripada yang tidak ikut (42%), Responden yang memiliki kesiapan belajar mandiri sebesar 54%. Faktor-faktor yang dominan berkaitan dengan kesiapan belajar mandiri adalah keikutsertaan di klinik komunitas dan IPK. Subjek yang mengikuti kegiatan di klinik komunitas dua kali Iebih siap belajar mandiri dibandingkan dengan subjek yang tidak mengikuti kegiatan di klinik komunitas. [RR Suaian = l,98; 95% interval kCp6rcayaan (CI) = 1,09-3,5'7]. Kesimpulan : Keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan di klinik komunitas meningkalkan kesiapan belajar mandiri mahasiswa.

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Background: The self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) is a main prerequisite for medical faculty graduates in implementing lifelong learning. A community clinic activity is a learning strategy to increase SDLR. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of taking part in the community clinic activity and other factors on SDLR.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing all tirst batch medical students in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Other factors which were assessed are Grade Point Average (GPA), high school background, residence, gender, availability of time to study and availability of learning resources. The SDLR was determined by the Fisher Scale questionnaire. The Fisher scale point above 150 indicates that the subject is ready for self-directed learning. Data analysis was carried out using cox regression. All of the 50 questionnaires could be analyzed.

Results: Most subjects are 2] years old (64%). The GPA of sixty two percent of the subjects is above 2.5. Sixty six percent comes from out of town, 60% have not enough time to study, 56% have adequate learning resources and 66% do not live with their family. The number of female subjects is 31 (62%), and only 42% of the subjects took part in the community clinic activity. There are 54% respondents with Fisher scale point above 150. The dominant factors related to SDLR are taking part in the community clinic activity and GPA. Students who take pan in the community clinic activity are readier for self-directed learning compared to those who do not take part, [Adjusted RR = l.98; 95% Confidence interval (Cl) = l,09-3,57].

Conclusion: Taking part in the community clinic activity increased the SDLR. "

"Dalam menjalani perkuliahan, mahasiswa dituntut mandiri saat dihadapkan dengan berbagai pilihan dan permasalahan yang mampu menghambat proses pendidikannya. Mahasiswa membutuhkan kemandirian belajar yang merupakan dorongan dan motivasi internal untuk mengarahkan diri menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan secara mandiri (Song, 2007). Kemandirian belajar ini pada dasarnya dipengaruhi oleh conscientiousness dan extraversion yang merupakan personality traits. Bateman dan Crant (1993) menemukan bahwa conscientiousness dan extraversion merupakan personality traits yang disebut sebagai kepribadian proaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dan kemandirian belajar pada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Proactive Personality Scale untuk mengukur kepribadian proaktif, sedangkan Student Self-Directed Learning Questionnaire untuk mengukur kemandirian belajar. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dan kemandirian belajar dengan r= 0,546 signifikan pada P < 0,01 (2-tailed). Artinya, ada hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dan kemandirian belajar pada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia.. Implikasi dari penelitian ini agar perguruan tinggi menyadari pentingnya mahasiswa mengetahui peran kepribadian proaktif dan kemandirian belajar dalam keberhasilan studi mahasiswa.

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When in studying, student needs independently to choose from another options and solve the problem that inhibit the process academic success. Student needs self-directed learning that is internal drive and motivation to solve problem independently (Long, 2007). Self-directed learning is influenced by conscientiousness and extraversion as personality traits. Bateman dan Crant (1993) found that conscientiousness and extraversion as personality traits which named proactive personality. This research aim to see correlation between proactive personality and self-directed learning among undergraduates students in Universitas Indonesia. Proactive personality was measured using Proactive Personality Scale and self-directed learning was measured using Student Self-Directed Learning Questionnaire.

This research found that significant correlate between proactive personality and self-direceted learning with r= 0,546, P < 0,01 (2-tailed). There is correlation between proactive personality and self-directed learning among undergraduates students in Universitas Indonesia. The implication of this research is University give information to undergraduates students that need proactive personality and self-directed learning in order success in their studies."

"Latar belakang: Self directed learning (SDL) merupakan kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang dokter. Kurikulum berbasis kompetensi dengan pendekatan problem based learning (PBL) didukung dengan motivasi diri mahasiswa yang tinggi akan meningkatkan kesiapan penerapan SDL mereka. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat motivasi diri, kesiapan penerapan SDL pada mahasiswa kedokteran dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan mixed method pada kelompok mahasiswa tahun pertama dan kelompok mahasiswa kepaniteraan. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner motivasi diri (MSLQ) dan kuesioner penerapan SDL (SDLRS). Responden dipilih dengan total sampling. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada mahasiswa dan tutor/preseptor. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian kuantitatif mengungkapkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa kedokteran memiliki motivasi diri yang cukup baik tetapi dengan kesiapan penerapan SDL yang rendah. Nilai rerata kesiapan penerapan SDL pada kedua kelompok penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna. Penelitian kualitatif mengidentifikasi empat faktor yang berperan besar dalam kesiapan penerapan SDL mahasiswa yaitu karakteristik mahasiswa, proses pembelajaran, peran tutor/preseptor dan sarana penunjang pembelajaran. Kesimpulan: Kesiapan penerapan SDL pada kelompok mahasiswa tahun pertama dan mahasiswa kepaniteraan tidak berbeda. Faktor yang berperan dalam kesiapan penerapan SDL pada mahasiswa yaitu karakteristik mahasiswa, proses pembelajaran, peran tutor/preseptor dan sarana penunjang pembelajaran.

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Background: Self-Directed Learning (SDL) is an important skill that should be achieved by medical students. Competence-based curriculum with problem-based learning (PBL) as one of its learning approach, supported by high self-motivation of the students will enhance their readiness for SDL. The research is carried out to identify the level of self-motivation and SDL readiness in medical students as well as identify factors affecting SDL.

Methods: This research? design is a mixed method study. Samples were first-year and clinical year medical students. A quantitative research was conducted by distributing self-motivation (MSLQ) and SDL questionnaire (SDLRS). A total sampling was applied to select the respondents. Furthermore, focus group discussion (FGD) on students and tutors/preceptors was carried out. Informants were chosen by purposive sampling method.

Results: The quantitative research revealed that most of medical students had a good level of self-motivation but a low level of SDL readiness. Nevertheless, the mean scores of SDL readiness in both groups showed no significant differences. In addition, the qualitative research identified four major factors affecting the SDL readiness, which were the students? characteristics, learning process, the role of tutors/preceptors and supporting facilities for learning.

Conclusions: There was no significant difference between SDL readiness of the first-year and clinical year medical students. Students? characteristics, learning process, the role of tutors/preceptors and learning resources were found to be the mayor factors influencing SDL readiness."