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"Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui dinamika kebijakan anti dan counter terorisme yang terjadi di Indonesia pra-Perpres No. 46 tahun 2010 dalam konteks dimensi sosial dan politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif eksplanatif. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari notulensi rapat pembahasan UU No. 15 tahun 2003 tentang Tindak Pidana Terorisme DPR RI Masa Bakti 1999-2004, headline, editorial, dan pemberitaan dari empat suratkabar nasional yang memberitakan tentang terorisme antara tahun 2002 hingga 2010. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan dimensi negara dan sosialnya, serta upaya anti dan counter terorisme. Peneliti kemudian memberikan saran berupa refleksi atas upaya penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia.

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The intention of this research is to know anti and counter terrorism policy dynamic happened in Indonesia pre 2010 President?s Ordinance Number 46, social and political contextually. This research use explanatory qualitative method. Data of this research come from 2003 Terrorism Criminal Law Number 15 meeting discussion minutes in Indonesian House of Representatives 1999-2004 period, headline, editorial, and news from four national newspapers about terrorism during 2002-2010. The data are analyzed through state and social dimensions, and then anti and counter terrorism effort. Then researcher give recommendation which the reflection of Indonesian terrorism effort."

"ABSTRAKDisertasi yang berjudul Model Pencegahan Terorisme di Indonesia oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) ini berupaya untuk mengkaji bagaimana konsep kerja Multi Lembaga dan kemitraan dalam organisasi pemerintahan yang bertujuan untuk pencegahan terorisme di Indonesia, melalui BNPT dapat terealisasi dengan baik. Perbedaan struktur dan budaya antar organisasi yang bermitra tentunya tidak secara otomatis berjalan efektif hanya karena ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengharuskan mereka bergabung menjadi satu dalam badan baru.Dalam penelitian ini, penulis melakukan langkah-langkah pengumpulan data yaitu: pertama, mengidentifikasi dan menspesifikasi masalah yang berkembang di lingkungan penelitian. Kedua, penulis merancang pedoman wawancara dengan menyusun butir-butir pertanyaan berdasarkan variabel yang diamati atau masalah yang akan diselesaikan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada informan terpilih yang telah diidentifikasi. Ketiga, hasil dari wawancara mendalam ini kemudian diolah dan dikategorisasikan untuk mengidentifikasi temuan dalam penelitian lapangan. Keempat, hasil dari identifikasi ini kemudian disusun menjadi pedoman untuk Focused Group Disscussion (FGD).Kesimpulan disertasi ini antara lain: (1) Dalam berperan sebagai badan koordinasi Multi Lembaga, BNPT masih banyak mengalami hambatan; (2) Dalam internal organisasinya, hambatan-hambatan dikelompokkan ke dalam Aspek Instrumental, Struktural dan Kultural; (3) Secara eksternal, dalam berhubungan dengan berbagai Kementerian/Lembaga terkait, BNPT cenderung menganggap dirinya sebagai Badan Nasional bentukan baru yang ?mengambil alih? tugas dan fungsi Kementerian/Lembaga yang sudah ada sebelumnya; (4) Sesungguhnya pencegahan akar penyebab dan pemicu terorisme sangat beragam, sehingga implementasinyapun tersebar di berbagai urusan yang menempel di dalam berbagai Kementerian/Lembaga yang dalam khasanah kriminologi dikenal dengan tipologi pencegahan primer, sekunder dan tersier. Dalam disertasi ini, penulis juga menghasilkan Model Alternatif Pencegahan Terorisme Berpendekatan Multi Kausa-Multi Lembaga.

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ABSTRAK

The dissertation entitles Terrorism Prevention Model in Indonesia by The National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT) tries to assess how the work concept Multi Agency and partners within the governmental organization that aims to prevent terrorism in Indonesia, by BNPT, can be well realized. The difference of structure and culture between the partnership organizations certainly not automatically running effectively just because there are laws and regulations those require them to merge into a new entity.

In this dissertation, the author performs the data retrieval steps within: first, to identify and specify the problems occur at the research environment. Second, the author designs the interview guidance by arranging the questions based on the observed variable or the problem which is going to be solved through in depth interview towards the chosen informant who has identified. Third, the result of the in depth interview then processed and categorized to identify research findings in the field. Fourth, the identified result then compiled into guidance for Focused Group Discussion (FGD).

The conclusion of this dissertation among others: (1) In capability as a Multi Agency coordinating body, BNPT still faces many obstacles; (2) In its internal organization, the obstacles classified within Instrumental, Structural, and Cultural aspect; (3) Externally, in relationship with various Ministry and related Institution, BNPT tends to consider itself as a new National Agency who ?takes over? the duty and authority of the existing Ministry and Institution; (4) Indeed the prevention of the root causes and trigger of terrorism are very diverse, thus the implementation are spreading in various following business towards various Ministry and Institution which in criminological term are known as primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention typology. In this dissertation, the author also obtains the Alternative Model of Terrorism Prevention Multi Causes-Multi Agency Approach"

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang pilihan rasional teroris radikal Islam dalam memilih modus serangan studi kasus terorisme di Indonesia dari tahun 2000 hingga 2010. Identifikasi menunjukan terdapat tiga modus serangan teroris yang dilakukan oleh kelompok teroris tersebut. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa dalam memilih modus serangan yang akan digunakan, teroris selalu memperhitungkan dan mempertimbangkan pilihan rasional berbagai faktor baik personal (motif dan kemampuan pelaku) maupun situasional (situasi dan kondisi target serta ketersediaan akses pendukung operasi) sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan.

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This paper discussed the rational choice of radical Islamic terrorists in selecting the mode of attack, based on case studies of terrorism in Indonesia during 2000 to 2010. Identification showed that there are three modes of terrorist attacks carried out by terrorist groups. This study explains that in choosing a mode of attack that will be used, terrorists always take into account and consider the rational choice of a variety of factors both personal (the perpetrator's motives and abilities) or situational circumstances (situations and conditions of the target and the availability of access to operations support) so as to achieve the desired goal."

"Tugas Karya Akhir ini berfokus pada strategi pencegahan kejahatan terorisme di dua bentuk rumah ibadah, yaitu masjid dan gereja. Rumah ibadah yang digunakan sebagai tempat beribadah ternyata tidak terlepas dari risiko ancaman terorisme. Sepanjang tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2017 terdapat kurang lebih tiga puluh serangan teroris yang dilakukan di masjid seluruh dunia, baik yang berbentuk pengeboman, penusukan, dan penembakan. BNPT sebagai aktor penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan perlindungan dari ancaman terorisme dengan membentuk suatu strategi pencegahan yang melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Strategi pencegahan tersebut senada dengan apa yang dijelaskan dalam Routine Activity Theory, Rational Choice Theory, dan Situational Crime Prevention. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk melihat bagaimana upaya BNPT dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap ancaman terorisme di rumah ibadah.

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This research focuses on the terrorism crime prevention strategy in two places of worship, mosques and churches. Evidently, places of worship is exposed to risks of terrorism threats. From 2015 to 2017, there are approximately thirty terrorist attacks in mosques around the world in the form of bombing, stabbing and shooting. The National Agency for Combating Terrorism who is the actor of terrorism countermeasures in Indonesia is responsible for giving protection from terrorism threats by forming a prevention strategy that involves several stakeholders. The prevention strategy is inline with what is explained in Routine Activity Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Situational Crime Prevention. This research aims to see how is BNPT`s efforts in giving protection from terrorism threats in places of worship."

"Pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi diharapkan mampu untuk menanggulangi permasalahan terorisme di Indonesia. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi yang sudah dilakukan oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) serta pendapat pro dan kontra terhadap pelaksanaan program tersebut. Kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep-konsep yang terdiri dari terorisme, deradikalisasi dan counter-radicalization. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif-eksplanatif. Teknik penggumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa ada kesenjangan antara konsep deradikalisasi dengan pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi di lapangan BNPT juga mengalami kendala dalam pelaksanaan program deradikalisasinya. Program deradikalisasi BNPT pun memunculkan pro dan kontra yang berindikasi terhadap efektivitas program dalam penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia.

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The implementation of De-radicalization Program by National Counter Terrorism Agency (NCTA) is expected to be able to overcome terrorism in Indonesia. This research will talk about of De-radicalization Program which is already implemented by National Counter Terrorism Agency in Indonesia but with a lot of pros and cons upon its implementation.

This research uses several conceptual frameworks such as terrorism, de-radicalization, and counter-radicalization. This is a qualitative study using descriptive-explanative analysis. The information used in this research was collected through deep interview from the informant.

The research finds that there is a gap between de-radicalization concept and the implementation of de-radicalization program in the field. NCTA also had a lot of obstacles during its implementation. A lot of pros and cons upon De-radicalization program of NCTA was indicated to its effectiveness to counter terrorism in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKIn the aftermath of "9/11", the United States has waged a Global War on Terror. This campaign has been waged both in the form in military presence e.g. in Iraq and Afghanistan, but also in the diffusion of norms, rules, strategies and initiatives programs that led to a process of deligitimization of terrorism. Securitizing efforts that has followed this campaign has an obvious link to the trade issues, particularly when issues such as maritime security is at stake. As the largest archipelagic state in the world, Indonesia has been particularly vulnerable to theproblem of whether or not it is capable to ensure the safety of its ports and sea transportations. These kinds of questions focus the world?s attention towards the prominence of supply-chain management issue. Using qualitative research design with literature review, document studies, and field research, this research has taken cases in two major ports in Indonesia into account, namely Tanjung Priok (Jakarta) and Tanjung Perak (Surabaya). This research broached the issue fromtwo particular questions: what are the Indonesian government?s efforts to transform the supply-chain management practice, especially its security, in accordance with the post-9/11 international norms? How do actors linked in supply-chain network adress and behave towards the implementations of efforts to secure (securing) supply chain policy in those two sites?Linkage between the field of security and trade in the case of supply-chain network shows that changes in norms could be manifested by shifts in policy. Through series of observation and case studies, shifts in rules and conformity with international norms, establishments of agencies and intitatives, and technical adjustments, can call into question how and to what extent global norms as embodied in a paradigm that could bring related actors in a path that leads towardsthe objective of the norms themselves. Indonesian effort in combating terrorism shows that states have(s) learned through ?normal policy-making? that brought first and second-order change (Peter Hall, 1993). Series of changes regarding antiterrorism policy in Indonesia is summaried in the following table."

"Serangan terrorisme yang terjadi pada tanggal 11 September 2001 secara fundamental mengubah pemahaman Amerika Serikat (AS) dan dunia mengenai bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh terorisme. Pemahaman baru ini direalisasikan dalam berbagai kebijakan keamanan yang lebih ketat berupa, misalnya, peningkatan metode-metode pengumpulan informasi dan penggunaan instrumen intelijen untuk mencegah terjadinya tragedi terorisme di masa yang akan datang.Kebijakan kontra-terorisme dan legislasi anti-terorism baru di berbagai belahan dunia mengundang keprihatinan. Meskipun tindakan-tindakan kontra-terorisme didukung oleh Resolusi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) 1333/2000 dan 1373/2000, kontra-terorisme seharusnya tidak mengancam pemenuhan hak-hak asasi manusia. Dalam Piagam PBB dicantumkan tekad PBB untuk menjaga pemenuhan hak-hak asasi manusia: "...to reaffirm faith in fimrtdamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small." Keamanan kolektif sejatinya tercipta tidak dengan mengorbankan hak-hak dasar individu.Undang-Undang (UU) Anti-Terorisme Indonesia, disahkan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dengan syarat bahwa amandemen terhadap UU tersebut diajukan dalam jangka waktu satu bulan sejak tanggal pengesahan, mengundang kontroversi yang luas. UU Anti-Terorisme tersebut seharusnya memiliki fungsi sebagai komponen pendukung prinsip penegakan hukum dan memberikan dasar hukum yang adil, serta secara efektif mencegah terjadinya aksi terorisme.Tesis ini menguraikan tantangan-tantangan bagi hak-hak asasi manusia yang muncul akibat 'perang melawan teror' yang dikumandangkan sejak terjadinya serangan terorisme pada 11 September 2001 di AS dan peristiwa pengeboman 12 Oktober 2002 di Bali. Dengan UU Anti-Terorisme Indonesia sebagai fokusnya, tesis ini menganalisis bagaimana kontra-terorisme internasional berpengaruh besar terhadap pasal-pasal dalam UU Anti-Terorisme Indonesia, bagaimana hak-hak asasi harus berkompetisi dengan kontra-terorisme internasional untuk menjadi prioritas utama dalam pertimbangan pengambilan kebijakan, dan konstituen-konstituen apa saja yang hadir dalam pembuatan UU Anti-Terorisme Indonesia.

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The attacks of 11 September 2001 fundamentally changed the understanding of the United States (US) and the world of the threat posed by terrorism. With this new comprehension has come the realization that significantly improved collection and use of intelligence will be required to prevent catastrophic terrorist attacks in the future.

Growing concerns over terrorism induce stricter counter-terrorism policies and anti-terrorism legislations in parts of the world. Albeit backed up by United Nations (UN) Resolutions 1333/2000 and 1373/2000, counter-terrorism should not degrade the fulfillment of basic human rights at all. UN has even stated their determination "to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small" in its charter. Collective security cannot be formed on the cost of individual rights.

The Indonesian Anti-Terrorism Law passed by the Parliament with one condition that the Government would put forward amendment within a month, generated controversy broadly. The Law should have been serving as an important building block in strengthening the rule of law and a fair legal basis, effectively prevented acts of terrorism.

The thesis would take into account the particular challenges raised for human rights by the 'war on terror' declared in the wake of the events of 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in US and 12 October 2002 bombing blasts in Bali. Taking focus on Indonesian Anti-Terrorism Law, it would analyze on impact of the global wave of combating terrorism to Indonesian Anti-Terrorism Law, how human rights and combating terrorism are contending to claim top priority, and what constituents were present in the making of the Indonesian Anti Terrorism Law."

"Sulawesi Tengah merupakan provinsi yang aktivitas terorismenya sangat dinamis walaupun perjanjian perdamaian Malino telah ditandatangani. Akar permasalahan konflik horizontal yang belum terselesaikan, menyebabkan aktivitas terorisme di Sulawesi Tengah masih terjadi. Yayasan Wisdom Institute yang berlokasi di Palu Sulawesi Tengah adalah sebuah lembaga yang fokus kegiatannya adalah melakukan pembinaan terhadap mantan narapidana terorisme yang berada di wilayah Sulawesi Tengah. Pembinaan dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk merubah pemahaman para mantan narapidana teroris yang berpaham Islam-Jihadis-Radikal menjadi Islam Washathiyah-Moderat. Selanjutnya Yayasan Wisdom Institute menggunakan konsep pembinaan 3H (Heart, Hand, Head), Yayasan Wisdom Institute juga mengajak para mantan narapidana teroris untuk menjadi pejuang perdamaian. Kafilah Pejuang Perdamaian adalah sebuah komunitas yang di bentuk sebagai wadah para mantan narapidana terorisme di Sulawesi Tengah untuk berkumpul dan menyuarakan perdamaian di Sulawesi Tengah. Untuk masyarakat umum, Yayasan Wisdom Institute mengadakan seminar-seminar kebangsaan dan melakukan kegiatan pembinaan mental spiritual. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teori peran (role theory dan SWOT Analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportuniy, and Threat). Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan strategi Yayasan Kemanusiaan dalam hal ini Yayasan Wisdom Institute dalam upaya Counter Violent Extremism. Berubahnya peran mantan narapidana terorisme dari pelaku kejahatan menjadi pejuang perdamaian menunjukkan keberhasilan dari Yayasan Wisdom Institute. Dari istilah Pejuang Perdamaian yang merupakan identitas baru yang mereka maknai dan identifikasi sendiri setelah mengalami proses transformasi identitas maka lahirlah komunitas baru dengan nama Kafilah Pejuang Perdamaian (KPP). Untuk penelitian selanjutnya direkomendasikan perlu mendapatkan informasi yang utuh tentang karakter dan pergaulan kehidupan sehari-hari mantan narapidana teroris Poso (mantan Jihadis Poso) sebelum dan sesudah keluar dari Lembaga Pemasyarakatan sampai akhirnya bergabung dengan Kafilah Pejuang Perdamaian (KPP), dan perlu digali lebih mendalam lagi tentang nasib dan harapan masa depan para narapidana teroris (mantan Jihadis Poso) dan keluarganya.

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Central Sulawesi is a province with very dynamic terrorism activities despite the signing of the Malino peace agreement. The root cause of the unresolved horizontal conflict has caused terrorism activities in Central Sulawesi to still occur. Wisdom Institute Foundation, located in Palu, Central Sulawesi, is an organisation that focuses its activities on fostering former terrorism prisoners in the Central Sulawesi region. Coaching is carried out with the aim of changing the understanding of former terrorist prisoners who hold the Islamic-Jihadist-Radical ideology into Washathiyah-Moderate Islam. Furthermore, the Wisdom Institute Foundation uses the concept of 3H coaching (Heart, Hand, Head), the Wisdom Institute Foundation also invites former terrorist prisoners to become peace fighters. The Caravan of Peace Fighters is a community formed as a forum for former terrorism prisoners in Central Sulawesi to gather and voice peace in Central Sulawesi. For the general public, the Wisdom Institute Foundation organises national seminars and conducts mental and spiritual development activities. This research is a type of qualitative research, with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used in this research are through in-depth interviews and documentation. Furthermore, it was analysed using role theory and SWOT Analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportuniy, and Threat). This research describes the strategy of the Humanitarian Foundation, in this case the Wisdom Institute Foundation, in its Counter Violent Extremism efforts. The changing role of former terrorism prisoners from criminals to peace fighters shows the success of the Wisdom Institute Foundation. From the term Peace Fighter which is a new identity that they interpret and identify themselves after experiencing the identity transformation process, a new community was born under the name Kafilah Pejuang Perdamaian (KPP). For further research, it is recommended that it is necessary to obtain complete information about the character and daily life of former Poso terrorist prisoners (former Poso Jihadists) before and after leaving the Penitentiary until finally joining the Kafilah Pejuang Perdamaian (KPP), and it is necessary to explore more deeply the fate and hopes for the future of terrorist prisoners (former Poso Jihadists) and their families."