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Toha Muhaimin
Prevalensi HIV pada ibu hamil di delapan ibu kota provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2003-2010
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pada ibu hamil di komunitas dan estimasi jumlah bayi yang mengidap HIV melalui penularan perinatal, dengan menggunakan data sekunder 11.693 ibu hamil dari program Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Yayasan Pelita Ilmu tahun 2003-2010 di delapan ibu kota provinsi di Indonesia. Diagnosis HIV ditegakkan berdasarkan test Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Prevalensi HIV dihitung dari mereka yang ikut konseling post-test dan uji Mantel Haenszel Chi square dilakukan untuk melihat kecenderungannya. Sebanyak 98% responden menyatakan keinginannya untuk tes HIV dan diberi konseling pre-test. Dari partisipan yang mendapat konseling pre-test, 95% bersedia melakukan tes HIV, dan 88% dari mereka mengikuti konseling post-test. Prevalensi HIV yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,41% dan angkanya cukup bervariasi serta cenderung meningkat dari 2003 ke 2009, dari 0,36% tahun 2003-2006, naik menjadi 0,52% tahun 2008, naik menjadi 0,54% tahun 2009, kemudian turun menjadi 0,25% tahun 2010. Diperkirakan 8.604 bayi dengan HIV lahir setiap tahun, namun apabila dilakukan program PMTCT akan dapat dicegah 8.112 bayi dengan HIV dan dihemat biaya sekitar Rp 42 miliar per-tahun. Dapat disimpulkan, prevalensi HIV pada ibu hamil dari data di komunitas antara tahun 2003-2010 masih rendah dan cukup bervariasi dalam lima waktu pengamatan. Disarankan untuk memperluas cakupan program PMTCT dan mengintegrasikannya dengan pelayanan maternal dan keluarga berencana.
This study has aims to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among pregnant women in the community and to estimate the number of babies born with HIV, using secondary data of 11.693 pregnant women from Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program conducted the Pelita Ilmu Foundation during 2003-2010 in eight provincial capitals in Indonesia. The HIV diagnosis was based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The HIV prevalence was calculated from those who participated in the post-test counseling. Mantel Haenszel Chi-square test was performed to see the trend. Of all pregnant women, 98% expressed their desire for HIV testing. The women, then, were given pre-test counseling. Of the pre-test counseled respondents, 95% were willing to do HIV test and of the HIV tested respondents 88% followed the post-test counseling to get the test result, and as much as 0.41% are HIV positive. HIV prevalence quite vary and there is an increasing trend from 2003 to 2009, from 0.36% in 2003-2006, rose to 0.52% in 2008, rose to 0.54% in 2009, then fell to 0.25% in 2010. An estimated 8.604 infants were born with HIV every year. However, if PMTCT program was implemented there will be 8.112 babies averted with HIV and will save around 42 billion rupiah per year. It is concluded that the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the community were still low and vary in five-time observations. It is recommended that the government should implement a PMTCT program and integrated it with maternal & child health and family planning program."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2011
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Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Masyrifah Susiyanti
Analisis implementasi skrining HIV/AIDS pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja 13 puskesmas di Kota Cimahi tahun 2018 = Analysis implementation scrining HIV/AIDS in pregnant women in Cimahi City in 2018 / Masyrifah Susiyanti
"ABSTRAK
Nama : Masyrifah SusiyantiProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI SKRINING HIV/AIDS PADA IBUHAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA 13 PUSKESMAS DI KOTACIMAHI TAHUN 2018 Pembimbing : dr. Mieke Savitri, M.KesBerdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan no 43 tahun 2016 tentang Standar PelayananMinimal disebutkan bahwa setiap orang beresiko terinfeksi HIV ibu hamil,TB, IMSdll mendapatkan pemeriksaan HIV sesuai standar. Rencana aksi nasional programPPIA 2013-2017, pemerintah melalui Kementerian Kesehatan merencanakan agar padatahun 2017 100 puskesmas diseluruh Indonesia bisa melaksanakan program PPIAprong 1 dan prong 2 sedangkan prong 3 dan prong 4 dikembangkan di puskesmasdengan sarana dan prasarana khusus, yang dilengkapi jejaring ke semua puskesmasdalam wilayah kabupaten/kota yang berkaitan. Skrining HIV pada ibu hamil merupakanupaya pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi. Cakupan pelayanan skrining HIVpada ibu hamil di Kota Cimahi tahun 2016 masih rendah yaitu sebesar 12,54 daritarget 100 . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menggali lebih dalamhambatan dan kendala mengenai program PPIA khususnya skrining HIV ibu hamil diDinas Kesehatan Kota Cimahi tahun 2018. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 13 Puskesmasdan Dinas Kesehatan di Kota Cimahi dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif danpengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan cara Focus Group Disccusion FGD danwawancara mendalam dengan merekam suara informan menggunakan alat perekamsuara. Informan terdiri dari 13 Bidan Pengelola KIA Puskesmas, 3 ibu hamil, 4 KepalaPuskesmas, Kepala Bidang P2P Dinas Kesehatan Kota Cimahi dan Kepala DinasKesehatan Kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini menunjukan hambatan dan kendala implementasiskiring HIV pada ibu hamil dikarenakan belum semua fasilitas kesehatan memberikanlayanan skrining HIV, kurangnya SDM terutama petugas laboratorium, Belum ada SOPdan alur pelayanan PPIA, Bidan Praktek Mandiri BPM belum semua melaksanakanskrining HIV pada ibu hamil, media informasi khusus Skrining HIV bumil belum ada.Dinas Kesehatan Kota Cimahi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sosialisasi dankoordinasi dengan rumah sakit, lintas sektor dan IBI tentang skrining HIV ibu hamil,meningkatkan pelatihan program PPIA dan melakukan monitoring dan evaluasiKata kunci : Ibu Hamil, implementasi, kualitatif, skrining HIV,
ABSTRACT
Name Masyrifah SusiyantiStudy Program Public Health SciencesTitle ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION SCRINING HIV AIDS INPREGNANT WOMEN IN CIMAHI CITY IN 2018 Counselor dr. Mieke Savitri, M.KesBased on Minister of Health Regulation No. 43 of 2016 on Minimum Service Standardsit is mentioned that everyone at risk of HIV infection pregnant women, tuberculosis,STIs etc. gets standard HIV testing. The national action plan of PPIA 2013 2017program, the government through the Ministry of Health plans that by 2017 100 ofpuskesmas throughout Indonesia can implement the prong 1 and prong 2 PPIAprograms while prong 3 and prong 4 are developed at puskesmas with special facilitiesand infrastructure, to all puskesmas within the relevant district municipality. HIVscreening of pregnant women is an effort to prevent mother to child transmission ofHIV The coverage of HIV screening services in pregnant women in Kota Cimahi is stilllow at 12.54 of the target of 100 . This study aims to find out and explore deeperobstacles and obstacles regarding the PPIA program, especially HIV screening ofpregnant women in the City Health Office Cimahi 2018. This research dilaksanakan di13 Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan di Kota Cimahi dengan uses qualitative approachand data collection is done by Focus Group Disccusion FGD and in depth interviewby recording informant voice using voice recorder. The informants consisted of 13midwives of KIA Puskesmas management, 3 pregnant women, 4 Head of Puskesmas,Head of P2P Department of Health City of Cimahi and Head of Cimahi City HealthOffice. This study shows obstacles and obstacles to HIV skill implementation inpregnant women because not all health facilities provide HIV screening services, lack ofhuman resources, especially laboratory staff, No SOP and service flow of PPIA, BidanPraktek Mandiri BPM has not all conducted HIV screening in pregnant women ,special information media HIV HIV Screening does not exist yet. Cimahi City HealthOffice is expected to improve socialization and coordination with hospitals, crosssectorsand IBI on HIV screening of pregnant women, improve training of PPIAprogram and conduct monitoring and evaluation.Keywords Qualitative, implementation, HIV screening, pregnant women"
2018
T51532
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Gina Nurul Habibah
Determinan Perilaku Tes HIV pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Sumedang Tahun 2022 = Determinants of HIV Testing Behavior for Pregnant Women in Sumedang in 2022
"Proporsi ibu hamil yang datang ke pelayanan dan mendapat tes HIV tahun 2021 di Kabupaten Sumedang masih dibawah target, yaitu sebesar 79%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2022. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional, pada 220 ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke 8 Puskesmas yang terpilih secara acak di Kabupaten Sumedang. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara responden mengisi secara mandiri kuesioner yang sudah diujicoba validitas dan reliabilitasnya dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji logistik regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi ibu hamil yang tidak melakukan tes HIV di Kabupaten Sumedang sebesar 30,9%. Pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS, persepsi manfaat dan persepsi hambatan melakukan pemeriksaan HIV berhubungan dengan perilaku tes HIV dan faktor yang paling dominan adalah persepsi manfaat pemeriksaan HIV. Ibu hamil yang mempersepsikan pemeriksaan HIV tidak bermanfaat berpeluang hampir 3,4 kali untuk tidak melakukan tes HIV dibanding yang mempersepsikan bermanfaat setelah dikontrol oleh pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dan persepsi hambatan melakukan pemeriksaan HIV di Kabupaten Sumedang (p value = 0,003, POR = 3,427, 95% CI: 1,542-7,615). Untuk itu, perlu mengoptimalkan pemberian KIE dan konseling tentang manfaat melakukan tes HIV/AIDS, meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan melalui media massa serta mengoptimalkan pelayanan mobile VCT.
The proportion of pregnant women who come to the service and receive an HIV test in 2021 in Sumedang is still below the target, which is 79%. This study aims to determine the determinants of HIV testing behavior in pregnant women in Sumedang in 2022. The study used a cross sectional design, on 220 pregnant women who visited 8 health centers randomly selected in Sumedang. Data were collected by means of respondents filling out a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and then analyzed by using multiple regression logistic test. The results showed that the proportion of pregnant women who did not do an HIV test in Sumedang was 30.9%. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, perceived benefits and perceived barriers to HIV testing are related to HIV testing behavior and the most dominant factor is perceived benefits of HIV testing. Pregnant women who perceive that HIV testing is not beneficial are almost 3.4 times more likely not to take an HIV test than those who perceive it is beneficial after being controlled by knowledge about HIV/AIDS and perceived barriers to HIV testing in Sumedang (p value = 0.003, POR = 3.427, 95% CI: 1.542-7.615). For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the provision of KIE and counseling about the benefits of testing for HIV/AIDS, increase efforts to promote health through mass media and optimize mobile VCT services."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2022
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dian Nurtjahjati Basuki
Infant feeding practice of HIV-high-risk mothers in Bandung, West Java = Praktik pemberian makanan bayi pada ibu resiko tinggi HIV di Bandung, Jawa Barat
"Risiko penularan HIV bila menyusui mengakibatkan dilema pemberian makanan bayi akibat ancaman kurang gizi atau terinfeksi HIV pada praktik yang tidak tepat. Studi observsi deskriptif ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi praktik pemberian makanan bayi pada ibu resiko tinggi HIV di Bandung. Pesan yang disampaikan para pemangku kepentingan, keberadaan konselor makanan bayi, periode terungkapnya status HIV, kcpatuhan ibu serta kebiasaan masyarakat senempat adalah aspek-aspek yang mempcngaruhi praktik makanan bayi setempat. Pemberian makanan bayi pcngganti ASI tidak memenuhi criteria AFASS. Lemahnya komponen utama dalam sistem kesehatan yang mengelola program makanan bayi dari ibu resiko tinggi HIV menghalangi tercapainya tujuan yang diharapkan.
HIV transmission through breastfeeding caused dilemma in infant feeding practice due to likelihood of nutritional inadequacy or HIV transmission risk. A descriptive observational study was performed to explore infant feeding practice from HIV high risk mothers in Bandung. Aspects affecting the feeding practice were message of infant feeding endorsed by stakeholders, availability of trained counselors, the timing of HIV status revealed, mother's willingness to comply and the feeding norm. Replacement feeding practice was far from the expected AFASS criteria. Health system in charge of the infant feeding program lack main components to run properly and to reach the expected outcome."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2010
T32323
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Lidya Latifah Novianti
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tes HIV pada Ibu hamil di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat tahun 2017 = Factors related to the behavior of HIV testing among pregnant women in Bandung District West Java Year 2017
"ABSTRAK
Menurut data WHO (2015) jumlah perempuan yang terinfeksi HIV adalah
sebanyak 16,0 juta jiwa dan 3,2 juta jiwa merupakan anak-anak (<15 tahun) dari
total 36,7 juta orang yang terinfeksi HIV. Pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke
anak merupakan upaya pengendalian HIV/AIDS karena membantu menurunkan
jumlah orang terkena HIV. Dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2015 penurunan
jumlah orang yang tertular HIV sampai dengan 35 % dari program pencegahan
HIV. Salah satu pencegahannya adalah pemeriksaan tes HIV kepada Ibu hamil.
Provinsi Jawa barat termasuk dalam 3 provinsi terbanyak kasus HIV, Puskesmas
Cicalengka dan Puskesmas Rancaekek merupakan Puskesmas yang tersedia
layanan pemeriksaan tes HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor
yang berhubungan dengan perilaku test HIV pada ibu hamil. Design cross
sectional dengan menggunakan instrument kuesioner. Hasil regresi logistic dalam
penelitian didapatkan persepsi manfaat (P value = 0,021; OR = 0,299), informasi
(P value = 0,004; OR = 6,67) dan dukungan petugas kesehatan (P value = 0,011;
OR = 3,704) merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tes HIV pada
ibu hamil, dengan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi adalah faktor informasi.
Disarankan untuk Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan upaya
promosi tentang pencegahan HIV melalui media elektronik untuk memudahkan
akses informasi oleh masyarakat.
ABSTRACT
The number of women who is infected by HIV is 16.0 million. Moreover, 3.2
million from 36.7 million number who infected by HIV are children (<15 years
old) (WHO, 2015). Prevention of mother-child transmission is one of HIVinfected.
From 2000 until 2015 the decreased number of people who are infected
by HIV down to 35% resulting from HIV prevention. One of the gold standards in
prevention programs is HIV examination for pregnant women. West Java
Province included in three largest provinces of HIV cases, primary health care
center in Cicalengka and Rancaekek are providing HIV test service. The aims of
this study are related to HIV test behavior in pregnant women. A cross-sectional
design with questionnaire measurement was used in this study. The result of
regretion logistic shows that benefit perception (P = 0.021, OR = 0.299),
information (P = 0.021, OR = 0.299), and health care provider support (P =
0.021, OR = 0.299) are factors determinant in this study. Information factor
resulting as most influencing factors in this study. Recommended to the
department of health and public health center is to improve the promotion of HIV
using electronic media to help the community."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2017
T51231
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hery Agung Samsu Alam
Profil pasien HIV periode 2004-2013 yang tetap berobat sampai akhir 2014 di Unit Pelayanan Terpadu HIV RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta = Profiles of HIV patients during the period of 2004 to 2013 who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014 in HIV Integrated Service Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Kesinambungan berobat memiliki peran penting dalam
keberhasilan tatalaksana pasien HIV. Hingga saat ini, belum dilakukan penelitian
untuk melihat proporsi pasien yang masih tetap berobat di UPT HIV RSCM
maupun profil dari pasien-pasien tersebut.
Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi dan profil pasien yang masih tetap berobat di UPT
HIV RSCM.
Metode: Studi dengan metode potong lintang pada pasien HIV yang baru
terdiagnosis dan berobat di UPT HIV RSUPNCM dalam periode Januari 2004 -
Desember 2013. Data diperoleh melalui ekstraksi data sekunder yang berasal dari
rekam medik. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap pasien HIV yang berusia diatas 18
tahun dan belum menjalani terapi ARV. Pasien yang tetap berobat sampai akhir
2014 didefinisikan sebagai pasien yang tetap kontrol ke poliklinik sejak awal pasien
datang ke UPT HIV hingga minimal tiga bulan sebelum akhir Desember 2014.
Hasil: Sebanyak 4949 subjek diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Didapatkan proporsi
pasien yang tetap berobat sampai akhir 2014 adalah 23% (1136 subjek). Selain itu,
subjek dengan jenis kelamin wanita (26,6%), berusia ≥35 tahun (usia 35-44 tahun
sebesar 25,5% dan ≥45 tahun sebesar 35,5%), pendidikan terakhir diatas SMU
(26,8%), menikah/dengan pasangan (25%), beralamat di Bodetabek (26,1%),
stadium klinis IV (28,3%), memiliki angka CD4 awal 201-350 sel/mm3 (35%), dan
bukan penasun (28%) adalah subjek terbanyak yang tetap berobat sampai akhir
2014.
Simpulan: Proporsi pasien yang tetap berobat sampai akhir 2014 adalah 23% (1136
subjek). Selain itu, pasien dengan jenis kelamin wanita, berusia ≥35 tahun,
pendidikan terakhir diatas SMU, menikah/tinggal dengan pasangan, beralamat di
Bodetabek, stadium klinis IV, memiliki angka CD4 awal 201-350 sel/mm3, dan
bukan penasun merupakan kelompok subjek terbanyak yang tetap berobat sampai akhir 2014.ABSTRACT
Background: Continued medical treatment serves an important role in the
successful management of patients with HIV. Until this present day, there has never
been any research which seeks to examine the proportion of patients who continue
their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit of National Central General
Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) and the profiles of those patients.
Objectives: To discover the proportion and to generate the profiles of patients who
continued their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM.
Methods: This research was conducted by applying the cross-sectional method on
patients who were diagnosed with HIV and were subsequently undergoing medical
treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM, during the period of January
2004 to December 2013. Data were obtained by extracting secondary data in the
form of medical records. The subjects of the research are HIV patients who are
more than 18 years of age and have not undergone anti-retroviral (ARV) treatments.
Patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014 are defined as
patients who have undergone medical treatment at the polyclinic starting from their
first visit to HIV Integrated Service Unit until at least three months prior to the end
of December 2014.
Results: As many as 4949 subjects participated in this research. We found that the
proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014
is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, we also found that female subjects
(26.6%) who are ≥35 years of age (25.5% for those between 35 and 44 years of age
and 35.5% for those ≥45 years of age); whose education is higher than Senior High
School level (26.8%); who have married or live with their respective partners
(25%); who reside in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, or Bekasi areas (26.1%); who have
reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
(35%); and who are not injecting drug users (IDUs) (28%) constitute the largest
group of subjects who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until
the end of 2014 is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, female patients who are
≥35 years of age; whose education is higher than Senior High School level; who
have married or live with their respective partners; who reside in Bogor, Depok,
Tangerang, or Bekasi areas; who have reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose
initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
, and who are not injecting drug users
(IDUs) constitute the largest group of subjects who continued their medical
treatment until the end of 2014.;Background: Continued medical treatment serves an important role in the
successful management of patients with HIV. Until this present day, there has never
been any research which seeks to examine the proportion of patients who continue
their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit of National Central General
Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) and the profiles of those patients.
Objectives: To discover the proportion and to generate the profiles of patients who
continued their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM.
Methods: This research was conducted by applying the cross-sectional method on
patients who were diagnosed with HIV and were subsequently undergoing medical
treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM, during the period of January
2004 to December 2013. Data were obtained by extracting secondary data in the
form of medical records. The subjects of the research are HIV patients who are
more than 18 years of age and have not undergone anti-retroviral (ARV) treatments.
Patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014 are defined as
patients who have undergone medical treatment at the polyclinic starting from their
first visit to HIV Integrated Service Unit until at least three months prior to the end
of December 2014.
Results: As many as 4949 subjects participated in this research. We found that the
proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014
is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, we also found that female subjects
(26.6%) who are ≥35 years of age (25.5% for those between 35 and 44 years of age
and 35.5% for those ≥45 years of age); whose education is higher than Senior High
School level (26.8%); who have married or live with their respective partners
(25%); who reside in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, or Bekasi areas (26.1%); who have
reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
(35%); and who are not injecting drug users (IDUs) (28%) constitute the largest
group of subjects who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until
the end of 2014 is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, female patients who are
≥35 years of age; whose education is higher than Senior High School level; who
have married or live with their respective partners; who reside in Bogor, Depok,
Tangerang, or Bekasi areas; who have reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose
initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
, and who are not injecting drug users
(IDUs) constitute the largest group of subjects who continued their medical
treatment until the end of 2014.;Background: Continued medical treatment serves an important role in the
successful management of patients with HIV. Until this present day, there has never
been any research which seeks to examine the proportion of patients who continue
their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit of National Central General
Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) and the profiles of those patients.
Objectives: To discover the proportion and to generate the profiles of patients who
continued their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM.
Methods: This research was conducted by applying the cross-sectional method on
patients who were diagnosed with HIV and were subsequently undergoing medical
treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM, during the period of January
2004 to December 2013. Data were obtained by extracting secondary data in the
form of medical records. The subjects of the research are HIV patients who are
more than 18 years of age and have not undergone anti-retroviral (ARV) treatments.
Patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014 are defined as
patients who have undergone medical treatment at the polyclinic starting from their
first visit to HIV Integrated Service Unit until at least three months prior to the end
of December 2014.
Results: As many as 4949 subjects participated in this research. We found that the
proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014
is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, we also found that female subjects
(26.6%) who are ≥35 years of age (25.5% for those between 35 and 44 years of age
and 35.5% for those ≥45 years of age); whose education is higher than Senior High
School level (26.8%); who have married or live with their respective partners
(25%); who reside in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, or Bekasi areas (26.1%); who have
reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
(35%); and who are not injecting drug users (IDUs) (28%) constitute the largest
group of subjects who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until
the end of 2014 is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, female patients who are
≥35 years of age; whose education is higher than Senior High School level; who
have married or live with their respective partners; who reside in Bogor, Depok,
Tangerang, or Bekasi areas; who have reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose
initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
, and who are not injecting drug users
(IDUs) constitute the largest group of subjects who continued their medical
treatment until the end of 2014.;Background: Continued medical treatment serves an important role in the
successful management of patients with HIV. Until this present day, there has never
been any research which seeks to examine the proportion of patients who continue
their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit of National Central General
Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) and the profiles of those patients.
Objectives: To discover the proportion and to generate the profiles of patients who
continued their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM.
Methods: This research was conducted by applying the cross-sectional method on
patients who were diagnosed with HIV and were subsequently undergoing medical
treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM, during the period of January
2004 to December 2013. Data were obtained by extracting secondary data in the
form of medical records. The subjects of the research are HIV patients who are
more than 18 years of age and have not undergone anti-retroviral (ARV) treatments.
Patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014 are defined as
patients who have undergone medical treatment at the polyclinic starting from their
first visit to HIV Integrated Service Unit until at least three months prior to the end
of December 2014.
Results: As many as 4949 subjects participated in this research. We found that the
proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014
is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, we also found that female subjects
(26.6%) who are ≥35 years of age (25.5% for those between 35 and 44 years of age
and 35.5% for those ≥45 years of age); whose education is higher than Senior High
School level (26.8%); who have married or live with their respective partners
(25%); who reside in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, or Bekasi areas (26.1%); who have
reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
(35%); and who are not injecting drug users (IDUs) (28%) constitute the largest
group of subjects who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until
the end of 2014 is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, female patients who are
≥35 years of age; whose education is higher than Senior High School level; who
have married or live with their respective partners; who reside in Bogor, Depok,
Tangerang, or Bekasi areas; who have reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose
initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
, and who are not injecting drug users
(IDUs) constitute the largest group of subjects who continued their medical
treatment until the end of 2014.;Background: Continued medical treatment serves an important role in the
successful management of patients with HIV. Until this present day, there has never
been any research which seeks to examine the proportion of patients who continue
their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit of National Central General
Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) and the profiles of those patients.
Objectives: To discover the proportion and to generate the profiles of patients who
continued their medical treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM.
Methods: This research was conducted by applying the cross-sectional method on
patients who were diagnosed with HIV and were subsequently undergoing medical
treatment at HIV Integrated Service Unit, RSUPNCM, during the period of January
2004 to December 2013. Data were obtained by extracting secondary data in the
form of medical records. The subjects of the research are HIV patients who are
more than 18 years of age and have not undergone anti-retroviral (ARV) treatments.
Patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014 are defined as
patients who have undergone medical treatment at the polyclinic starting from their
first visit to HIV Integrated Service Unit until at least three months prior to the end
of December 2014.
Results: As many as 4949 subjects participated in this research. We found that the
proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014
is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, we also found that female subjects
(26.6%) who are ≥35 years of age (25.5% for those between 35 and 44 years of age
and 35.5% for those ≥45 years of age); whose education is higher than Senior High
School level (26.8%); who have married or live with their respective partners
(25%); who reside in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, or Bekasi areas (26.1%); who have
reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
(35%); and who are not injecting drug users (IDUs) (28%) constitute the largest
group of subjects who continued their medical treatment until the end of 2014.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients who continued their medical treatment until
the end of 2014 is 23% (1136 subjects). In addition to that, female patients who are
≥35 years of age; whose education is higher than Senior High School level; who
have married or live with their respective partners; who reside in Bogor, Depok,
Tangerang, or Bekasi areas; who have reached clinical stage IV (28.3%); whose
initial CD4 count is 201?350 cells/mm
3
, and who are not injecting drug users
(IDUs) constitute the largest group of subjects who continued their medical
treatment until the end of 2014."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Suzy Maria
Proporsi keberhasilan virologis dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada reintroduksi terapi antiretroviral lini pertama pasca interupsi tidak terencana pada pasien HIV = Proportion of virological success and its associated factors in first line antiretroviral reintroduction after unplanned interruption in HIV patients
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Hingga saat ini belum ada panduan mengenai paduan terapi
antiretroviral (antiretroviral therapy/ART) terpilih pada pasien HIV dewasa
dengan riwayat interupsi tidak terencana. Kondisi pasien pada saat reintroduksi
ART perlu dievaluasi sebagai dasar pemilihan paduan ART
Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi keberhasilan virologis pada reintroduksi ART lini
pertama pasca interupsi tidak terencana. Mengetahui hubungan antara berbagai
faktor klinis dan laboratoris dengan keberhasilan virologis pada reintroduksi
tersebut.
Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada pasien HIV yang
mendapatkan reintroduksi ART lini pertama pasca interupsi tidak terencana
selama minimal 1 bulan. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis RS dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo di Jakarta. Viral load (VL) dinilai 6-18 bulan setelah reintroduksi
ART lini pertama, dinyatakan berhasil bila VL <400 kopi/ml. Dilakukan analisis
terhadap faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan virologis tersebut.
Hasil: Selama periode Januari 2005 s.d. Desember 2014 terdapat 100 subjek yang
mendapatkan reintroduksi ART lini pertama dan memiliki data viral load 6-18
bulan pasca reintroduksi. Pasca reintroduksi ART didapatkan keberhasilan
virologis pada 55 (55%) subjek. Pada analisis didapatkan dua faktor yang
berhubungan dengan keberhasilan virologis pada reintroduksi ART lini pertama,
yaitu frekuensi interupsi satu kali (adjusted OR/aOR 5,51; IK95% 1,82-16,68;
p=0,003), nilai CD4 saat reintroduksi ≥200 sel/mm
xi
3
(aOR 4,33; IK95% 1,1416,39,
p=0,031).
Simpulan:
Proporsi keberhasilan virologis pada reintroduksi ART lini pertama
pasca interupsi tidak terencana adalah 55%. Pasien dengan frekuensi interupsi 1
kali dan pasien dengan nilai CD4 saat reintroduksi ≥200 sel/mm
3
memiliki kecenderungan untuk mencapai keberhasilan virologis pada reintroduksi ART.
ABSTRACT
There is no guideline concerning antiretroviral therapy (ART) of
choice for adult HIV patients after unplanned interruption. Hence, patients?
conditions at time of ART reintroduction need to be evaluated as a basis for
selecting ART regiment.
Objectives: To know the proportion of virological success of first line ART
reintroduction after unplanned interruption. To know the association between
either clinical or laboratory factors and virological success in reintroduction.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in HIV patients that were
reintroduced to first line ART after having unplanned interruption for at least one
month period. The data were collected from medical records of Dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. Viral load (VL) was evaluated at 6-18
months after first line ART reintroduction, declared as a success if VL <400
copies/mL. Analysis was done to factors associated with such virological success.
Results: Between January 2005 and December 2014, 100 subjects were
reintroduced to first line ART and having VL data in 6 to 18 months after the
reintroduction. Virological success was achieved in 55 (55%) subjects. In the
analysis we found that virological success was associated with interrupted once
(adjusted OR/aOR 5.51%, 95%CI 1.82-16.68, p=0.003) and CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
xii
Universitas Indonesia
3
at the time of reintroduction (aOR 4.33, 95%CI 1.14-16.39, p=0.031).
Conclusions: Proportion of virological success on first line ART reintroduction
after unplanned interruption was 55%. Patients who were having interrupted once
and patients with CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
3
at the time of reintroduction would have
higher odds of virological success on first line ART reintroduction.
;Background: There is no guideline concerning antiretroviral therapy (ART) of
choice for adult HIV patients after unplanned interruption. Hence, patients?
conditions at time of ART reintroduction need to be evaluated as a basis for
selecting ART regiment.
Objectives: To know the proportion of virological success of first line ART
reintroduction after unplanned interruption. To know the association between
either clinical or laboratory factors and virological success in reintroduction.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in HIV patients that were
reintroduced to first line ART after having unplanned interruption for at least one
month period. The data were collected from medical records of Dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. Viral load (VL) was evaluated at 6-18
months after first line ART reintroduction, declared as a success if VL <400
copies/mL. Analysis was done to factors associated with such virological success.
Results: Between January 2005 and December 2014, 100 subjects were
reintroduced to first line ART and having VL data in 6 to 18 months after the
reintroduction. Virological success was achieved in 55 (55%) subjects. In the
analysis we found that virological success was associated with interrupted once
(adjusted OR/aOR 5.51%, 95%CI 1.82-16.68, p=0.003) and CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
xii
Universitas Indonesia
3
at the time of reintroduction (aOR 4.33, 95%CI 1.14-16.39, p=0.031).
Conclusions: Proportion of virological success on first line ART reintroduction
after unplanned interruption was 55%. Patients who were having interrupted once
and patients with CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
3
at the time of reintroduction would have
higher odds of virological success on first line ART reintroduction.
;Background: There is no guideline concerning antiretroviral therapy (ART) of
choice for adult HIV patients after unplanned interruption. Hence, patients?
conditions at time of ART reintroduction need to be evaluated as a basis for
selecting ART regiment.
Objectives: To know the proportion of virological success of first line ART
reintroduction after unplanned interruption. To know the association between
either clinical or laboratory factors and virological success in reintroduction.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in HIV patients that were
reintroduced to first line ART after having unplanned interruption for at least one
month period. The data were collected from medical records of Dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. Viral load (VL) was evaluated at 6-18
months after first line ART reintroduction, declared as a success if VL <400
copies/mL. Analysis was done to factors associated with such virological success.
Results: Between January 2005 and December 2014, 100 subjects were
reintroduced to first line ART and having VL data in 6 to 18 months after the
reintroduction. Virological success was achieved in 55 (55%) subjects. In the
analysis we found that virological success was associated with interrupted once
(adjusted OR/aOR 5.51%, 95%CI 1.82-16.68, p=0.003) and CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
xii
Universitas Indonesia
3
at the time of reintroduction (aOR 4.33, 95%CI 1.14-16.39, p=0.031).
Conclusions: Proportion of virological success on first line ART reintroduction
after unplanned interruption was 55%. Patients who were having interrupted once
and patients with CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
3
at the time of reintroduction would have
higher odds of virological success on first line ART reintroduction.
;Background: There is no guideline concerning antiretroviral therapy (ART) of
choice for adult HIV patients after unplanned interruption. Hence, patients?
conditions at time of ART reintroduction need to be evaluated as a basis for
selecting ART regiment.
Objectives: To know the proportion of virological success of first line ART
reintroduction after unplanned interruption. To know the association between
either clinical or laboratory factors and virological success in reintroduction.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in HIV patients that were
reintroduced to first line ART after having unplanned interruption for at least one
month period. The data were collected from medical records of Dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. Viral load (VL) was evaluated at 6-18
months after first line ART reintroduction, declared as a success if VL <400
copies/mL. Analysis was done to factors associated with such virological success.
Results: Between January 2005 and December 2014, 100 subjects were
reintroduced to first line ART and having VL data in 6 to 18 months after the
reintroduction. Virological success was achieved in 55 (55%) subjects. In the
analysis we found that virological success was associated with interrupted once
(adjusted OR/aOR 5.51%, 95%CI 1.82-16.68, p=0.003) and CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
xii
Universitas Indonesia
3
at the time of reintroduction (aOR 4.33, 95%CI 1.14-16.39, p=0.031).
Conclusions: Proportion of virological success on first line ART reintroduction
after unplanned interruption was 55%. Patients who were having interrupted once
and patients with CD4 ≥200 cell/mm
3
at the time of reintroduction would have
higher odds of virological success on first line ART reintroduction.
"
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Zubairi Djoerban
Viral load profiles in drug users with asymptomatic HIV infection and normal CD4 cell counts
"Sejak tahun 2000 jumlah penderita HIV/AIDS di Indonesia meningkat tajam, terutama pada pecandu narkotika suntik. Terapi antiretroviral yang terbukti dapat menurunkan mortalitas dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien, diberikan berdasarkan kondisi klinis, jumlah sel limfosit CD4 dan kadar virus dalam darah. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar CD4 dan kadar virus pada 71 pasien HIV asimptomatik yang merupakan pecandu narkotika suntik untuk melihat apakah kadar CD4 berkorelasi dengan kadar virus HIV. Kadar CD4 diperiksa dengan metode imunofluoresensi indirek menggunakan antibodi monoklonal dan kadar virus menggunakan teknik PCR. Pemeriksaan hitung virus dilakukan pada 56 pasien yang mempunyai kadar CD4 lebih dari 200 sel/mm3 (x = 473 + 180,6). Sebanyak 30 orang (55,4%) mempunyai kadar virus dalam darah lebih dari 55.000 kopi/ml dan 35,7% kadar virusnya 5.000-55.000 kopi/ml. Korelasi antara kadar CD4 dengan kadar virus dalam darah memberi nilai r: 0,194. Disimpulkan bahwa pada pecandu narkotika kadar CD4 tidak berkorelasi dengan kadar HIV sehingga pemberian antiretroviral sebaiknya didasarkan pada kadar HIV dalam darah. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 143-7)
Since the year 2000 there has been a steep increased in the number of HIV/AIDS patients in Indonesia , coming mostly from intravenous drug users. Antiretroviral treatment has been proved to decrease mortality and increase quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. The treatment is given according to clinical condition of the patients, number of CD4 and viral load. In this study, CD4 and viral load were examined in 71 asymptomatic HIV patients originated from injecting-drug users. CD4 counting was performed by indirect immunoflouresence method using monoclonal antibody, and viral load was tested using PCR technique. Among 56 patients who has the number of CD4 more than 200/mm3, 30 patients (55,4 %) has viral load more than 55,000 copies/ml and 35,7% has viral load 5,000-55,000 copies/ml. Correlation between the number of CD 4 and viral load gave the r value of 0,194. It is concluded that there is no association between the number of CD 4 and viral load in drug user HIV/AIDS patients. The treatment of HIV/AIDS for these patients should be given according to the viral load. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 143-7)"
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2002
MJIN-11-3-JulSep2002-143
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Pohan, Herdiman Theodorus
Clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS patients: differences between public and private hospitals in Jakarta
"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan data demografi, faktor risiko, gambaran klinis, infeksi oportunis/ko-infeksi dan perbedaannya pada rumah sakit pemerintah dan swasta. Penelitian retrospektif-deskriptif dilakukan di RSUPN-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RS pemerintah) dan RS Medistra (RS swasta) di Jakarta. Kriteria inklusi mencakup kasus HIV/AIDS yang dirawat pada tahun 2002-2003, dan hasil serologi HIV positif dengan metode Elisa. Data sekunder didapatkan dari rekam medis. Enam puluh enam subyek diikut-sertakan dalam penelitian (RS pemerintah 30 subyek dan RS swasta 36 subyek), terdiri dari 59 pria (89.4%) dan 7 wanita (10.6%). Tiga puluh tujuh persen subyek didiagnosis HIV dan 62% AIDS. Faktor risiko yang didapat mencakup pengguna narkoba (59.1%), homoseksual (13.6%), heteroseksual (21.1%), transfusi (1.5%) dan perinatal (1.5%). Gejala klinis terutama berupa demam akut (56.2%), penurunan berat badan (39.4%), batuk (38.8%), sesak nafas (27.2%), diare kronik (22.8%), demam berkepanjangan (19.7%), penurunan kesadaran (15.3% dan, anoreksia (15.3%). Perbedaan bermakna antara RS pemerintah dan swasta didapatkan pada keluhan demam dan batuk. Presentasi klinis pasien HIV/AIDS selama perawatan mencakup : pnemonia (56%), oral trush (22.6%), anemia (56.5%), lekopenia (32.3%), limfopenia (55.9%), peningkatan SGOT/SGPT (66.1%), hipoalbuminemia (46.9%), limfadenopati (10.6%), lesi serebral (7.6%), ensefalopati (6.0%), tuberkulosis paru dan efusi pleura (10.6%). Infeksi oportunis dan ko-infeksi mencakup kandidosis (25.8%), hepatitis C kronik (24.2%), hepatitis B dan C kronik (4.5%), tb paru, limfadenitis dan tb milier. Kandidosis dan tb paru lebih sering ditemukan di RS pemerintah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa manifestasi klinis HIV/AIDS berupa pria/wanita usia muda dengan satu atau lebih faktor risiko, mengalami demam, keluhan pernapasan, penurunan berat badan, diare kronik, lemah, oral trush, anemia, lekopenia, limfopenia. Pasien yang dirawat di RS swasta menunjukkan gejala yang lebih bervariasi sedangkan yang dirawat di RS pemerintah menunjukkan kondisi yang lebih berat dan stadium lebih lanjut. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 232-6)
The aims of this study is to determine the demographic data, risk factors, clinical presentations, opportunistic/co-infections and its difference between public and private hospitals. A retrospective-descriptive study was conducted in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (public hospital) and Medistra Hospital (private hospital), Jakarta. The inclusion criteria were new HIV/AIDS cases admitted in year 2002-2003 and positive HIV serology (Elisa method). Secondary data were collected form medical record. Sixty-six subjects were enrolled in this study (public hospital 30 subjects and private hospital 36 subjects), consist of 59 male (89.4%) and 7 female (10.6%). Thirty-seven percent subjects were defined as HIV and 62% AIDS. Risk factors obtained include drug user (59.1%), homosexual (13.6%), heterosexual (21.1%), transfusion (1.5%) and maternal-child (perinatal) (1.5%). The clinical symptoms mainly present as acute fever (56.2%), weight loss (39.4%), cough (38.8%), shortness of breath (27.2%), chronic diarrhea (22.8%), prolong fever (19.7%), loss of conciousness (15.3%), anorexia (15.3%). Significant differences between public and private hospitals were seen in fever and cough symptoms. Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS patients during admission were : pneumonia (56%), oral trush (22.6%), anemia (56.5%), leucopenia (32.3%), lymphopenia (55.9%), elevated AST/ALT (66.1%), hypoalbuminemia (46.9%), limphadenopathy (10.6%), brain space occuping lesion (7.6%), encephalopathy (6.0%), pulmonary tb and pleural effusion (10.6%). The opportunistic and co-infections present were candidiasis (25.8%), chronic hepatitis C (24.2%), chronic hepatitis B and C (4.5%), pulmonary tb, lymphadenitis and miliary tb. Candidiasis and pulmonary tb were frequently found in public hospital. In conclusion from this study that clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS were young man or woman, with one or more possible risk factor, had fever, respiratory complain, loss of body weight, chronic diarrhea, fatique, oral trush, anemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia. Patients admitted in private hospital had varied complain; and patients that admitted in public hospital had more severe and advance condition. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 232-6)"
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2004
MJIN-13-4-OctDec2004-232
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Pohan, Herdiman Theodorus
The correlation between total lymphocyte count and the number of candida colony from the oral cavity in HIV/AIDS patients
"Infeksi HIV menyebabkan menurunnya jumlah sel T helper(Th) yang memudahkan terjadinya infeksi oportunistik. Salah satu infeksi oportunistik tersering adalah infeksi kandida di orofaring dan esofagus. Untuk mendeteksi peningkatan koloni Kandida tidak mudah, jumlah CD4 dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan. Pada kenyataannya hanya sedikit sentra laboratorium yang menyediakan fasilitas pemeriksaan CD4. Dilakukan penelitian cross-sectional untuk menentukan hubungani antara jumlah limfosit total dengan intensitas koloni kandida di orofaring pasien-pasien HIV/AIDS. Penelitian dilakukan di poliklinik dan bangsal rawat inap RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Agustus 2004 sampai Januari 2005. Subyek penelitian diwawancarai, menjalani pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan darah dan kultur sampel kumur pasien. Sejumlah 60 subyek terdiri dari 52 pria(86.7%) dan 8 wanita(13.3%). Rata-rata hitung limfosit total adalah 1194.53 sel/µL. Kandidosis orofaring terdapat pada 44 pasien(73.3%).Terdapat kecenderungan jumlah koloni Kandida yang tinggi pada jumlah limfosit total pasien yang rendah, walaupun tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan di antara keduanya. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara jumlah limfosit total pada klas koloni Kandida yang positif dan negatif. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 147-51)
HIV infection causes qualitative and quantitative reduction of the T helper (Th) subset of T lymphocytes, facilitating opportunistic infection. One of the common opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients is Candida infection in the oropharynx and esophagus. Detection of increased Candida colonialization is not always easy, CD4 count is a parameter that could be used as reference. The fact is there?s only few laboratory can provide CD4 count. This study is a cross-sectional correlative study to determine the relation between total lymphocyte count as a much more applicable laboratory parameter and the intensity of Candida colonization in the oropharyngeal cavity of patients with HIV infection/AIDS. It was performed in the outpatient ward and inpatient ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, from August 2004 to January 2005. The selected study subjects underwent interview, physical examination and had their blood samples and gargle samples taken. 60 study subjects were recruited, consisting of 52 males (86.7%) and 8 females (13.3%). The mean total lymphocyte count was 1194.53 cells/μL. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was found in 44 subjects (73.3%). There is a trend of higher Candida colonies number with lower total lymphocyte count despite no significant correlation between total lymphocyte count and the number of Candida colonies in the oral cavity of patients with HIV infection/AIDS. There is significant different between total lymphocyte count in positive and negative Candida colonies. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 147-51)"
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2005
MJIN-14-3-JulSep2005-147
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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