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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Perkembangan kota metropolitan yang begitu pesatnya memacu perkembangan kota penyangga seperti kota Bogor. Perkembangan ini tentunya sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan transportasi dan lalu lintas di kota tersebut. Namun sayangnyaa, polusi udara luar ruangan merupakan faktor yang mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Dalam konteks ini, polisi lalu lintas rentan mengalami gangguan kesehatan respirasi sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi faal paru pada polisi lalu lintas.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan subyek penelitian merupakan polisi lalu lintas di Bogor. Subyek akan disingkirkan apabila mengalami penyakit paru. Semua subyek akan dilakukan wawacancara, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pemeriksaan status kesehatan. Semua subyek akan diminta untuk melakukan demonstrasi penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar CO dengan CO analyzer dan faal paru dengan spirometri.Hasil: Kami menemukan sebanyak 7.4% suyek mengalami restriksi ringan, 2.1% subyek mengalami obstruksi ringan dan 4.2% mengalami restriksi ringan dan obstruksi ringan. Korelasi antara faal paru dengan usia serta faal paru dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh ditemukan berhubungan bermakna secara statistik. Sementara itu faktor-faktor lain seperti riwayat merokok, Indeks Brinkman, penggunaan alat bantu pelindung diri dan lama bekerja ditemukan tidak bermakna.Kesimpulan: Faal paru pada polisi lalu lintas terutama dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia dan indeks massa tubuh.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The fast development of metropolitan enhances its sattelite cities such as Bogor. The tranportation becomes important factor for city development. However, its impacts especially outdoor pollution is primary detrimental effects to human health. Traffic police is vulnerable to have a declining respiratory health status. Therefore, a conduct research which focus to evaluate physiologic pulmonary status on traffic police is neededMethod: This research design is cross sectional with the subjects are traffic police in Bogor. The subjects will be excluded if they have any lung diseases. The subjects are interviewed and evaluated for physical examinatio, health status. The subjects are asked to demonstate their protection devices are usage. The subjects` CO concentration are measured using CO analyzer then their physiological respiratory status are measured using spirometry. Furthermore, the chest X rays and Fagerstrom questionairres are performed to all subjects.Result: We found that 7.4% subjects are having mild restriction while 2.1% are having mild obstruction, and 4.2% subjects are having mild restriction and obstuction. The physiological respiratory status prevalence are revealed The correlation between physiological respiratory status with age and body mass index are revealed. Other factors such as smoking status, smoking history, protection device usage and working years are found nots significantly correlated.Conclusion: The physiological respiratory status of traffic polices are coorelated to aging and body mass index."

""This book is your concise, one-stop guide to all aspects of respiratory physiology in health, disease, and in the many physiologically challenging situations and environments into which humans take themselves - with coverage from basic science to clinical applications. This most comprehensive single volume on respiratory physiology will be invaluable to those in training or preparing for examinations in anaesthesia, intensive care, respiratory medicine or thoracic surgery." -- Publisher."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluanFaktor-faktor lingkungan seperti berbagai macam partikel dan gas dari emisi kendaraan seperti karbon dioksida, karbon monoksida, sulfur, benzen, nitrogen dioksida, nitrit oksid dan asap dipercaya memiliki peran yang bermakna dalam meningkatkan terjadinya penyakit pernapasan. Polisi lalu lintas yang bekerja di area lalu lintas yang padat selama beberapa tahun memiliki risiko terpajan polusi udara.TujuanStudi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faal paru dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pada polisi lalu lintas yang bekerja di wilayah Jakarta Utara.MetodeStudi ini menggunakan metode potong lintang (cross-sectional study method). Polisi lalu lintas yang bekerja di wilayah jakarta Utara diwawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan rerpirasi, gambaran klinis, pemeriksaan CO ekspirasi, foto toraks dan pemeriksaan faal paru dengan spirometri. Pengumpulan data dilakukan antara bulan Oktober 2012 hingga November 2012.HasilPada studi ini didapatkan dari 90 subjek kelompok umur paling banyak didapatkan pada usia 41-50 tahun (37.8%), memiliki status gizi over weight ( 55.6%) sebagian besar perokok ringan (47.8%). Kami menemukan kelainan faal paru berupa restriksi ringan 6.7%, restriksi sedang 1.1% dan obstruksi ringan 1.1 %. Variabel yang berpengaruh secara bermakna dengan faal paru adalah usia dan indeks massa tubuh (BMI) sedangkan kebiasaan merokok dan penggunaan masker secara statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna dengan faal paru.KesimpulanStudi ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalens gangguan faal paru adalah 8.9% dan variabel yang berpengaruh adalah usia dan indeks massa tubuh.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction:Environmental factors such as various particles and gases from vehicular emission like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide and black smoke are believed to play a significant role in the development of respiratory diseases. Traffic policemen who work in the busy traffic signal areas for years together are exposed to the risk of air traffic pollution.Purposes:This study was conducted profiles and factors influencing lung fuction of traffic pollution on traffic police working in North Jakarta Distric.Method:This study used cross-sectional study method. The traffic police working in North Jakarta Distric were given a predetermined respiratory health questionnaire, their clinical profile,CO expiration, chest x ray and lung functions were measured. We collected data within October 2012 until November 2012.Result:This study showed from 90 subject with predominant age group between 41-50 years old (37.8%), over weight (55.6%) and mild smoker (47.8%). We found that mild restriction 6.7%, moderate restriction 1.1% and mild obstruction 1.1% subject. There were statistically significant age (p=0.019) and BMI (p=0.012) but no statistically significant associated smoking (p=0.145) ,used masker (p=1.000) with lung function.Conclusion:Study found that the prevalence of decreased pulmonary function is 8.9% and only age and BMI were associated with lung function."

"Status gizi seseorang menunjukkan seberapa besar kebutuhan fisiologis individu tersebut telah terpenuhi. Keseimbangan antara nutrisi yang masuk dan energi dikeluarkan untuk mencapai kesehatan optimal sangatlah penting, termasuk bagi seorang ibu yang sedang dalam masa menyusui. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi ibu menyusui antara lain usia, genetik, status hormonal, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, morbiditas, praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif, dan asupan makanan. Dengan berubahnya faktor-faktor tersebut dapat membuat status gizi ibu menyusui menjadi kurang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dan dilakukan pada 86 ibu yang mempunyai bayi berusia 1,5 bulan atau lebih yang tinggal di beberapa RW/Posyandu terpilih di Jakarta Utara pada tahun 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian ”Survei Cepat Ibu Menyusui” pada beberapa Kelurahan di DKI Jakarta tahun 2005. Untuk status gizi, responden dibagi menjadi dua bagian berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh menjadi kurang dan tidak kurang dengan batasan 18,49 kg/m2. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai hubungan usia, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, morbiditas, praktek menyusui Asi secara eksklusif dengan status gizi ibu menyusui. Pasien memiliki IMT rerata 22.86 ± 3,79 kg/m2, terdiri dari ibu dengan IMT lebih 47,7%, IMT kurang 11,6%, dan IMT normal 40,7%. Dengan uji Chi-Square dan uji Fisher tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara masingmasing variabel yang diteliti dengan status gizi ibu menyusui (p<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara antara status gizi subyek dengan usia, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, morbiditas, dan praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif di Jakarta Utara pada tahun 2009.

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The nutritional status of an individual shows how far the physiological needs have been fulfilled. The balance between the income nutrition and the outcome energy to achieve an optimum health is very important, including for a lactating woman. Factors contributing to the nutritional state of a lactating woman are the age, genetics, hormonal state, level of education, the mother’s income, the mother’s morbidity, the exclusive breastfeeding, and the intake of food. Changing those factors can lead the nutritional state of the lactating mother below the normal range. The design used was the cross-sectional study and had been done in 86 lactating mothers at North Jakarta in the year of 2009. This research uses the secondary data from the ”Quick Survey of Lactating Mother” rersearch at Jakarta in the year of 2005. For the nutritional state, all the respondents are divided into two groups acording to the body mass index, one is underweight group and the other is non-underweight group with the cut off point 18,49 kg/m2. We had been done the statistical test to assess the correlation of the age, level of education, the income, the morbidity, exclusive breastfeeding with the nutritional state of lactating mother. The result is, all the resopndents have a mean of BMI 22.86 ± 3,79 kg/m2, this includes the mothers within the overweight range 47,7%, the mothers within the underweight range 11,6%, and the mothers within the normoweight range 40,7%. With the Chi-Square test and the Fisher test, we did not find the significant relationship between those variables with the nutritional state of lactating mother (p<0,05). So we conclude that there is no significant relationship between the nutritional state of lactating mother with the age, level of education, the income, the morbidity, and the exclusive breastfeeding at North Jakarta in year 2009."

"Anak usia sekolah adalah kelompok yang berisiko terhadap masalah gizi. Salah satu penyebab masalah gizi adalah faktor perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan peran keluarga, guru, teman sebaya, dan media massa dengan perilaku gizi anak usia sekolah. Desain yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasional pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan cluster proportional 174 anak usia sekolah kelas 4,5, dan 6. Hasil menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna peran keluarga dan media massa dengan perilaku gizi anak usia sekolah (p<0,05), tidak ada hubungan bermakna peran guru dan teman sebaya dengan perilaku gizi anak usia sekolah (ρ>0,05), media massa merupakan faktor dominan. Rekomendasi penelitian adalah integrasi pendidikan gizi dengan kurikulum, pelatihan guru UKS, peningkatan promosi kesehatan, asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan anak usia sekolah, penelitian selanjutnya tentang faktor predisposisi dan pemungkin perilaku gizi.

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School-age children are the group at risk for nutritional problems. One cause nutritional problems are behavioral factors. This study aims to determine the relationship of families, teachers, peers, and mass media in nutrition behavior of school-age children. The design used was a descriptive correlation approach cross sectional. Proportional cluster sampling with 174 school age children grade 4,5,dan 6. The results showed no significant relationships family roles and the mass media with nutritional behavior of school-age children (p <0.05), there was no significant relationship roles of teachers and peers with nutritional behavior of school-age children (ρ> 0.05), the mass media is dominant factor. Recommended research is the integration of nutrition education with curriculum, teacher training school health, increased health promotion, family nursing care with school-age children, further research on predisposing and enabling factors of nutrition behavior."

"This book presents advanced nutrition in a comprehensive, easy-to-understand format ideal for graduate students in nutritional programs, organic chemistry, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. It focuses on he biology of human nutrition at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-body levels. Full of student-friendly features - chapter outlines; common abbreviations; critical thinking exercises; detailed illustrations; and feature boxes spotlighting key nutritional data, insights, and clinical correlations. In addition, chapters are organized logically into seven units, reflecting the traditional nutrient class divisions. Nutrition Insight boxes take a closer look at basic science and everyday nutrition, going beyond the content presented in the chapter and spotlighting timely topics. Clinical Correlation boxes discuss various nutrition-related problems and help readers make the connections between abnormalities and their effects on normal metabolism. Food Sources and RDAs/AIs across the Life Cycle boxes summarize key information from the USDA National Nutrient Database and the Institute of Medicine into abbreviated, to-the-point lists that easily spotlight the key information related to that content area. Life Cycle Considerations boxes highlight particular nutritional processes or concepts applicable to individuals of various ages and in various stages of the life span. Thinking Critically sections within feature boxes encourage students to apply scientific knowledge to "real-life" situations. A chapter outline and listing of common abbreviations help readers gain an overview of each chapter's content at a glance. Comprehensive cross-referencing by chapters and illustrations is used throughout. Current references and recommended readings introduce readers to the broad range of nutrition-related literature and provide additional tools for research. Information provided by 45 expert contributors. In-depth discussions of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPyramid and their implications for nutrition. An entire chapter devoted to nonessential food components and their health benefits, including dietary supplements and the many possible phytonutrients associated with the decreased risk for chronic diseases. All the latest Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) incorporated throughout. Nearly 100 new illustrations to help visually simplify complex biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes and concepts. More extensive information about the sources of nutrients and the amounts contained in typical servings of various foods"

"Status gizi seseorang menunjukkan seberapa besar kebutuhan fisiologis individu tersebut telah terpenuhi. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status gizi bayi usia 1,5 - 8 bulan di Jakarta Barat dan hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin bayi, morbiditas diare dan Infeksi Saluran Napas Atas (ISPA), pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif, pendidikan terakhir ibu, ibu yang bekerja, penghasilan ibu, dan usia ibu saat melahirkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional yang menggunakan pendekatan studi cross-sectional dan dilakukan pada 92 responden yang memiliki bayi usia 1,5 – 8 bulan di Jakarta Barat. Data yang didapatkan berupa jenis kelamin bayi, morbiditas diare dan ISPA dalam 14 hari terakhir, pemberian ASI, usia ibu saat melahirkan, tingkat pendidikan terakhir ibu, penghasilan ibu, dan ibu yang bekerja yang akan diteliti hubungannya dengan status gizi bayi dengan uji Chi-Square (p<0.05). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa dari 92 sampel bayi 1,5 – 8 bulan pada penelitian ini, 97,8% mengalami non wasted, 2,2% mengalami wasted dan dari hasil uji statistik didapatkan hasil bahwa jenis kelamin(P = 0,503), pemberian ASI eksklusif (P = 1,000), diare dalam 14 hari terakhir(P = 1,000), ISPA dalam 14 hari terakhir (P = 1,000), usia ibu saat melahirkan(P = 1,000), tingkat pendidikan ibu (P = 1,000), ibu yang bekerja (P = 1,000), dan penghasilan keluarga (P = 0,548) semuanya tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi bayi.

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Nutritional status described how big individual physiological requirement fulfilled. Nutrition status influenced by various factors. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of infant’s nutritional status aged 1,5 – 8 months at West Jakarta associated with infant’s gender, diarrhea, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI), exclusive brest feeding, maternal education level, working mother, family’s income, and maternal age at giving birth. This research is an observational analytic research that using cross sectional study conducted to 92 respondents who has infants aged 1,5 – 8 months in West Jakarta. Data obtained from infant’s gender, diarrhea, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI), exclusive brest feeding, maternal education level, working mother, family’s income, maternal age at giving birth will be related to nutritional status of infants tested with chi square test (p<0,05). The results of this research show that among 92 sample, there were 97,8 % infants wasted and 2,2 % non wasted. At the end of statistic test we obtained that infant’s gender (P = 0,503), exclusive breast feeding (P = 1,000), diarrhea in last 14 days (P = 1,000), URTI in last 14 days (P = 1,000), maternal age at giving birth (P = 1,000), maternal education level (P = 1,000), working mother (P = 1,000), and family’s income (P = 0,548), all of these factors do not have significant relationship with nutritional status."

"Status gizi seseorang menunjukkan seberapa besar kebutuhan fisiologis individu tersebut telah terpenuhi. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran status gizi bayi usia 1,5-8 bulan di Jakarta Selatan dan hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin bayi, pendidikan terakhir ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan ibu, usia ibu saat melahirkan, morbiditas diare dan Infeksi Saluran Napas Atas (ISPA), dan pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Penelitian menggunakan studi cross-sectional dan dilakukan pada 88 responden yang memiliki bayi usia 1,5 hingga 8 bulan di Jakarta Selatan. Data didapatkan berupa status gizi bayi, jenis kelamin bayi, usia ibu saat melahirkan, tingkat pendidikan ibu, penghasilan ibu, morbiditas diare dan ISPA, dan pemberian ASI yang akan diteliti hubungannya dengan status gizi bayi yang diuji dengan uji Chi-Square (p<0,05). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan proporsi status gizi wasted sebesar 4,5 % dan status gizi non-wasted sebesar 95,5 %. Dengan proporsi jenis kelamin bayi laki-laki 51,1%, dan perempuan 48,9%, pemberian ASI sebesar 30,7%, ibu bekerja 11,4%, diare dan ISPA bayi dalam kurun waktu 2 minggu terakhir masing-masing 14,8 % dan 60,2%, tingkat pendidikan ibu rendah 54,5%, sedang 34,1 %, dan tinggi 11,1%, tingkat penghasilan keluarga sedang 48,9% dan tinggi 51,1 %, semuanya tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna.

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Nutritional Status described how great individual physiological requirement has met. Nutritional stauus is corelated to many factors. This research’s aims are first, to know the frequency distribution of infants 1,5-8 months of age in South Jakarta and its corelation with babies’ sex, maternal education level, woking mother, familiy annual income, maternal age of giving birth, dierhea and upper respiratory track infection and eksclusive breast milk in infants.The study design of the research iscross sectional. The number of the respondent is 88. The respondents are mother who have baby 1,5-8 months of age in South Jakarta. The data that were collected are infants’ nutritional status, babies’ sex, maternal age of giving birth, maternal educational level, working mother, familiy annual income level, diarhea and upper respiratory track infection in infant and eksclusive breast milk in infants. All those variables were analyzed with Chi-square test (p<0,05). From this research, the percentage of infants with non-wasting nutritional status is 95,5 % and the percentage of wasting is 4,5 %. The percentage of boys is 51,1 % and girls is 48,9 %. Percentage of babies receiving eksclusive breast milk is 30,7%, working mother 11,4%, Dhiarhea and upper respiratory track infectin in infants rea 14,8% and 60,2%. And all of them show no significant correlation to nutriotional status."

"Status gizi merupakan salah satu aspek penting kesehatan dan kesejahteraan seseorang. Sayangnya, di Indonesia, status gizi terutama pada anak masih banyak memiliki masalah. Secara umum, status gizi memiliki hubungan dengan faktor internal, misalnya usia, kondisi fisik, dan infeksi; dan faktor eksternal seperti faktor-faktor sosiodemografi. Selain faktor-faktor di atas, status gizi juga berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan status gizi dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi, yaitu usia, pekerjaan orang tua, pendidikan orang tua, status ekonomi, dan besar keluarga, juga dengan perkembangan anak usia 6 sampai 60 bulan di Posyandu Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Setelah pengambilan data berupa pengukuran status antropometri dan pengisian kuesioner, hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan p-value > 0,05 yang menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara status gizi dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi dan perkembangan anak.

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Nutritional status is one of the most important aspects of one?s health and welfare. Unfortunately, nutritional status especially among Indonesian children still faces many problems. In general, nutritional status is related to internal factors, such as age, physical condition, and infection; and external factors such as sociodemographic factors. Other than factors stated above, nutritional status is also closely related to children's development.

This research aims to seek for the relation between nutritional status with sociodemographic factors namely age, parents occupation, parents educational background, economic status, and family structures, also with development status on children aged 6 to 60 months old at Posyandu Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta. Data is taken through antropometry measurement and questionnaire filling, and then analyzed in bivariate which shows results of p-value > 0,05. This means that there is no statistically relevant relation between nutritional status with sociodemographic factors and children's developement."