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"Skripsi ini membahas gejala penipisan perbedaan konsep wanprestasi dengan konsep perbuatan melawan hukum yang ditandai dengan penggunaan konsep perbuatan melawan hukum pada pembatalan perjanjian sepihak. Di dalamnya akan dibahas mengenai bagaimana suatu konsep perbuatan melawan hukum dapat diterapkan dalam sengketa pembatalan perjanjian sepihak, selain itu juga akan dibahas mengenai konsep ganti rugi yang digunakan. Untuk lebih memahami penerapan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum ini, akan dianalisa beberapa putusan dari sengketa pembatalan perjanjian sepihak yang digugat dengan perbuatan melawan hukum. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridisnormatif, yaitu penelitian dengan lebih mengutamakan data sekunder, khususnya terhadap bahan hukum primer berupa putusan pengadilan.

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This thesis discusses the indications of subtle difference between default concept and illegal action concept shown with the use of illegal action concept on the unilateral cancellation of agreement. It will not only discuss how an illegal action concept can be applied in a dispute over the unilateral cancellation of agreement, but it will also discuss the concept of compensation used. To better understand the application of lawsuit over illegal action, an analysis of several decisions of the dispute over the unilateral cancellation of agreements challenged for the reason of illegal action will be carried out. This research is a judicial normative research having priority over secondary data, particularly in primary legal materials in the form of a court decision."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai akta otentik yang dibuat oleh seorang Notaris yang merupakan pejabat umum yang memiliki kewenangan dan kewajiban sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 02 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris UUJN . Seorang Notaris dalam menjalankan jabatannya harus penuh dengan kehati-hatian dan kecermatan agar dapat membuat akta otentik yang tidak bertentangan dengan Undang-undang sehingga tidak mengandung unsur perbuatan melawan hukum. Dalam penelitian ini, Penulis mengangkat 3 permasalahan pokok, yang pertama bagaimana akta jual beli yang dibuat oleh Notaris yang mengandung unsur perbuatan melawan hukum? Yang kedua bagaimana akibat hukum dari akta yang dibatalkan oleh Pengadilan? Dan yang ketiga, bagaimana tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap akta yang dibuatnya dan dibatalkan oleh Pengadilan? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan metode kepustakaan dan analisis kasus dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder. Analisis kasus dilakukan terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Agung Tanggal 25 April 2017 Nomor 598 K/PDT/2017, dimana dalam kasus tersebut akta otentik yang dibuat oleh Notaris dibatalkan oleh Pengadilan karena dibuat dengan tidak hati-hati dan tidak cermat sehingga tidak memenuhi ketentuan-ketentuan dalam Undang-undang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akta yang mengandung unsur perbuatan melawan hukum dapat dibatalkan dan akibat hukum atas pembatalan tersebut adalah tindakan hukum dalam akta dianggap tidak pernah ada. Sedangkan dari segi tanggung jawab, Notaris bertanggung jawab secara perdata dan juga secara administratif dari segi jabatannya.

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This thesis discussed about authentic deed made by Notary which is a public officials who has authority and obligation as regulated in the Law Number 02 Year 2014 concerning Amendment to Law Number 30 Year 2004 about Notary UUJN . A Notary when doing his work, must be with prudence and precision in order to make an authentic deed that did not contradict with the law so that the deed can has a perfect power of proof and does not have an unlawful act element. In this study, the writer raised 3 problem, first, how a sale and purchase deed made by Notary contain an unlawful act element Second, what is the legal consequences of the notary deed which annulled by the court And the third, what is the notary responsibility due to the annulment of the deed which he she made This study uses normative legal research with the literature methode and case analysis with collecting secondary data. Case analysis was conducted on the supreme court dated 25 April 2017 Number 598 K PDT 2017, where in the case an authentic deed made by a notary was canceled by court because the deed made by a Notary who was not carefull and not precise. The result of this study indicates that a deed that contains unlawful act can be cancelled and the law concequences of the cancellation is the lawful act in the deed is considered never happen. In the perspective of responsibilities, Notary have a civil and administrative responsibilities."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai pengaruh pemberlakukan The Lacey Act terhadapekspor hasil hutan terutama dari Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat. Ketentuan TheLacey Act yang bam tersebut merupakan salah satu usaha Pemerintah AmerikaSerikat untuk memberantas kegiatan Illegal logging. Dalam ketentuan The LaceyAct tersebut, setiap pelaku usaha yang akan memasukkan produk hasil hutan danturunannya ke Amerika Serikat harus membuat pernyataan bahwa produk hasilhutan tersebut bukan berasal dari illegal logging ataupun sumber-sumber yangtidak sah. Dokumen yang digunakan untuk melakukan ekspor ke Amerika Serikattidak dapat dijadikan pegangan atas legalitas produk hasil hutan sehinggadokumen-dokumen tersebut dianggap tidak sah atau tidak berlaku. Hal ini dapatmenjadi hambatan dalam perdagangan hasil hutan ke Amerika Serikat, karenasetiap saat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dapat melakukan penahanan ataupunpenyitaan terhadap produk-produk hasil hutan impor yang masuk ke negaranyamengingat tidak ada satu dokumen pun yang dapat di gunakan untuk menunjukkanlegalitas atas produk impor tersebut. WTO melarang anggota-anggotanya untukmengeluarkan kebijakan-kebijakan dalam negeri yang dapat menghambatperdagangan internasional. Kebijakan The Lacey Act yang ingin memberantaskegiatan Illegal Logging secara global tidak tepat diberlakukan pada setiap produkimpor Amerika, karena illegal logging diduga terjadi di dalam negeri negarapengekspor. Pemberantasan illegal logging akan lebih tepat bila pemerintahAmerika Serikat mengadakan kerjasama dengan pemerintah negara-negara yang diduga terjadi illegal logging.

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AbstractThis thesis is discussing about the implementation effect of The Lacey Acttowards the export of forestry products from Indonesia to the United States. Theprovisions of the new Lacey Act constitute as one of the efforts of theGovernment of the United States for eliminating the Illegal Logging activities. Inthe provisions of The Lacey Act every business actor that shall export the forestryproducts and its derivatives to The United State must prepare a statement that suchforestry products are not originated from illegal logging or other illegal sources.The document to be used for performing export to the United States cannot beused as guidance upon the forestry product legality, consequently such documentsare considered as illegal or not applicable. This matter may become as an obstacle in the trading of forestry products to The United States, since at any time the Government of the United States may perform detention or seizure towards the imported forestry products to its countrythe by considering that there is no documentcan be used to indicate the legality of such imported products. WTO forbids itsmembers to issue internal policies that may hinder the international trade policy ofThe Lacey Act intended for eliminating the Illegal Logging activities, whichglobally is not fit to be applied to every American imported product since illegallogging is allegedly happened in the exporter country. The elimination of illegallogging shall be more effective if the Government of the United states establishescooperation with the government of the countries where illegal logging isallegedly happened."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pembatalan perjanjian secara sepihak yang dilihat dari sudut pandang perbuatan melawan hukum. Melihat bagaimana terjadinya pembatalan perjanjian secara sepihak dapat diajukan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum atau wanprestasi, serta konsistensi hakim dalam memeriksa perkara tersebut dengan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum. Bentuk metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian doktrinal, dengan menafsirakan dan menganalisis berdasarkan pada asas-asas hukum dan sumber hukum tertulis. Dalam tulisan ini akan menganalisis putusan-putusan pengadilan terdahulu yang mendasari sikap Mahkamah Agung dalam Yurisprudensi 4/Yur/Pdt/2018, yang menyatakan bahwa pembatalan perjanjian secara sepihak yang termasuk dalam perbuatan melawan hukum. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga melihat pertimbangan hakim pada putusan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap pada tahun 2020-2021, bahwa hakim dalam pertimbangannya memandang pembatalan perjanjian secara termasuk sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum dengan melihat terlebih dahulu hubungan hukum yang terjadi diantara para pihak dan pemenuhan unsur-unsur perbuatan melawan hukum, yang tercantum dalam Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata. Suatu perjanjian yang telah sah dan mengikat para pihak, yang dikemudian hari dibatalkan secara sepihak oleh salah satu pihak dalam perjanjian, maka telah melawan hukum yang menimbulkan kerugian atas perbuatan itu.

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This thesis discusses the unilateral cancellation of agreements from the perspective of unlawful acts. It examines how the unilateral cancellation of agreements can be challenged through a lawsuit for unlawful acts or breach of contract, as well as the consistency of judges in examining such cases with lawsuits for unlawful acts. The research method used is doctrinal research, interpreting and analyzing based on legal principles and written legal sources. This paper will analyze previous court decisions that underlie the Supreme Court's stance in Jurisprudence 4/Yur/Pdt/2018, which states that unilateral cancellation of agreements is considered an unlawful act. In addition, this paper also examines the considerations of judges in legally binding decisions in 2020-2021, where judges consider the unilateral cancellation of agreements as an unlawful act by first examining the legal relationship between the parties and the fulfillment of the elements of unlawful acts, as stated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code. An agreement that is valid and binding for the parties, which is unilaterally canceled by one party, is considered an unlawful act that causes harm."

"Skripsi ini membahas tiga permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana perumusan tindak pidana pembalakan liar di Indonesia. Kedua, apakah makna unsur "terorganisasi" dalam UU No. 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan. Ketiga, bagaimana penerapan unsur "terorganisasi" dalam kasus-kasus faktual yang ada saat ini. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yang dipadu dengan penelitian lapangan, penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah makna dari dicantumkannya unsur "terorganisasi" dalam UU No. 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Pembalakan Liar serta bagaimana penerapan unsur tersebut di dalam kasus kasus yang terjadi saat ini. Pembahasan mengenai unsur "terorganisasi" tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kejahatan terorganisasi yang memiliki indikator khusus didalamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur "terorganisasi" yang dimuat dalam UU No. 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Pembalakan Liar bertujuan untuk memberantas kejahatan terorganisasi, yang mana indikator mengenai kejahatan terorganisasi ini telah diatur di dalam UN Transnational Organized Crime. Terakhir, indikator-indikator yang menjadi syarat terpenuhinya unsur "terorganisasi" tersebut belum dipertimbangkan di dalam kasus-kasus faktual terkait pembalakan liar sehingga tujuan awal pembentukan Undang- Undang tersebut belum terwujud.

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This thesis mainly discusses about three problems. First, how did the criminal act of illegal logging formulated in Indonesia. Second, what is the meaning of organized elements in Law No. 18/2013 on The Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction. Third, how the implement of organized elements in factual cases nowadays. By combining the literature research method of the field method, this thesis aim to know about what the meaning of the inserted of organized elements in Law No. 18/2013 on The Prevention and Eradication on Forest Destruction and also how the implement of that element in illegal logging cases. Organized elements cannot be separated from organized crime, which has two specific indicators. This thesis concluded that organized elements which inserted on Law No. 18/2013 on The Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction aim to eradicate the organized crime in forest section. The indicators of organized crime has regulated in UN Transnational Organized Crime Convention. Last, the indicators of organized elements have not been considered comprehensively in illegal logging cases, therefore the first goals of Law No. 18/2013 is unattainable."

"CITES merupakan salah satu konvensi yang bertujuan mengatur perdagangan internasional terhadap hewan yang terancam punah yang diakibatkan oleh perdagangan. Perdagangan terhadap hewan merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya tingkat keanekaragaman hayati di dunia. Perdagangan ilegal dan eksploitasi yang berlebihan merupakan salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam yang tidak berkelanjutan. Perdagangan ini menawarkan keuntungan besar bagi para pelakunya. Perdagangan yang diregulasi dengan efektif dan efisien dapat memberikan keuntungan yang besar baik bagi negara maupun masyarakat secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung. CITES dalam prakteknya memberikan pengecualian dalam perdagangan terhadap Panda dan Gajah, yang dikategorikan sebagai hewan yang terancam punah. Perdagangan yang terancam dikecualikan ini telah memberikan keuntungan bagi negara pelakunya dalam bentuk finansial maupun ilmu pengetahuan untuk menyelamatkan populasi hewan spesies tersebut. Negara-negara tersebut pun harus memenuhi persyaratan-persyaratan yang telah ditentukan oleh CITES untuk dapat melakukan perdagangan terhadap hewan yang terancam punah ini. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara mega-biodivesitas menjadi salah satu pasar yang besar dan menjanjikan bagi para pelaku perdagangan ilegal ini. Melalui peraturan nasionalnya Indonesia telah melakukan pengaturan tehradap perdagangan dan konservasi flora dan fauna. Peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut merupakan salah satu bentuk dari implementasi CITES. Terjadinya perdagangan ini di Indonesia disebabkan oleh kurang berjalan dengan efektifnya peraturan perundang-undangan yang diberlakukan di Indonesia. Banyaknya spesies endemik dan eksotik yang dimiliki Indonesia sebenarnya memberikan kesempatan bagi Indonesia untuk melakukan hal yang sama terhadap spesies-spesies tersebut. Melalui kerjasama internasional dan pelaksanaan peraturan yang efektif, Indonesia dapat memperoleh keuntungan dari perdagangan terhadap hewan semacam ini tanpa mengancam populasi dari spesies tersebut.

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CITES is one of the conventions governing the international trade against the animal that was threatened extinct that was resulted by the trade. The trade, was one of the causes of the decline in the level of the biological diversity in the world. The trade illegal and the excessive exploitation was one of the forms of the utilization of nature resources that were sustainable. This trade offered the big profit for his perpetrators. The trade that regulated effectively and efficiently could give the big profit both for the country and people directly or indirectly. CITES in practice, gave the exception for the trade on Panda and the Elephant, who were categorized as the animal that was threatened extinct. This exceptional trade gave profit for the country in the form of financial and science to rescue the population of the endangered species. These countries must meet conditions that were determined by CITES to be able to carry out the trade on endangered species. Indonesia as one of the countries mega-biodiversity became one of the markets that was big and promising for the perpetrators of the illegal trade. Through its national regulation of Indonesia carried out the regulation on the trade and conservation of the flora and the fauna. This legislation regulation was one of the forms from the implementation CITES. Illegal trade in Indonesia occur as a result of the ineffectiveness implementation of the legislation in Indonesia. The number of endemic and exotic species that was had by Indonesia in fact gave the opportunity for Indonesia to do the same thing against these species. Through the international co-operation and the implementation of the effective regulation, Indonesia could obtain the profit from the trade against the animal of this kind without threatened this species’s population."

"In its development of the last three years, there has been a new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction; i.e. public claims made using a class action procedure. The utilization of such a procedure has been made so frequently and obtained legal forces because it has got us opportunity and justification in a variety of Indonesian legislations; among other things: law no. 23, 1997 concerning environmental management, law no. 8, 1999 regarding consumer protection and law no. 41 governing forestry followed up by a litigation procedure through the supreme court?s regulation no. 1, 2002. such a regulation has bridged the concept and legal theory which is subsequently used to execute .civil dalm procedures since there has been a shift from using an individual model to using a representative one. before the supreme court issued this regulation, courts had always' rejected collective claims on the ground that Indonesias civil law, especially section 123 of hir, a revised indonesia's law, stated that such claims could be brought up their claimants or by hiring Iavvyers. without a special authorization, however, lawyers could not represent class interest to be in session of court now, on the basis of article 4 of supreme court regulation to represent a ciass interest, the representative is not required to have this special authorization from the group he represents. social groups having the some case shoulclnot bring their case individually to prevent a recurrent case from happening. this oollective claim, class action, can be made at a lower cost so that the general public may bring their claims to court. in addition, to void mutually controversial verdicts, when each individual make his own claim, class action constitutes to be a more effident procedure. class action as a litigation procedure has its historical, social and cultural background in the common law system. therefore, class action as an effort of civil law reform in Indonesia has a tendency toward the civil law system; from legal comparison viewpoint, lt requires brillian thoughts on the part of judges in order to implement the existing laws actively; let alone, when we consider that the supreme court regulation no. 1, 2002 is but a way of transferring on America or Australian model. on the other hand, class action as a legal protection over Indonesian communities can be exercised as a social control; i.e. as social norms against deviant behaviours and their effects that include prohibitions, demands, condemnation and compensation. dispude resolution procedures with regard to compensation over unlawful deeds in class action should be prepared in detail, covering mechanism of its distribution for all members of a class including suggestions on court proving or panel to help distribute compensation more smoothly. when a compensation demand is approved, a judge isobliged to decide in detail the class grouping, compensation distribution mechanism`and steps to be taken by class representatives such as the obligation of notification. among the frequent cases are environmental function recovery, waste management improvement, pollution source eradication, compensation for the affected group and attitudinal changes among law breakers.Besides, class action as a tool of social engineering, that is, when a gap between law and social change appears, should find its solution whereas class action as a social emancipation means the equal right among various aspects of social life.based on the fact that court decision in class action is binding to all, any interest group using this procedure should help reduce administrative problems. this new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction, public claims using a class action procedure, ls relevant to Frederick Calvert's theory. the people?s interest represented by a class action is in accordance with the theoiy of utilitarianism proposed by Jeremy Bentham. judges, accordingly, should make their decision on the basis of equilibrium principle between individual and collective interests as put forward by John Rawls In his theory of justice. rules are then needed to avoid a conflict of interests, between individual and collective ones. law as an umpire is indispensable."

"ABSTRAKin its development of the last three years, there has been a new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction; i.e. public claims made using a class action procedure. The utilization of such a procedure has been made so frequently and obtained legal forces because it has got us opportunity and justification in a variety of Indonesian legislations; among other things: law no. 23, 1997 concerning environmental management, law no. 8, 1999 regarding consumer protection and law no. 41 governing forestry followed up by a litigation procedure through the supreme court?s regulation no. 1, 2002. such a regulation has bridged the concept and legal theory which is subsequently used to execute .civil dalm procedures since there has been a shift from using an individual model to using a representative one. before the supreme court issued this regulation, courts had always' rejected collective claims on the ground that Indonesias civil law, especially section 123 of hir, a revised indonesia's law, stated that such claims could be brought up their claimants or by hiring Iavvyers. without a special authorization, however, lawyers could not represent class interest to be in session of court now, on the basis of article 4 of supreme court regulation to represent a ciass interest, the representative is not required to have this special authorization from the group he represents. social groups having the some case shoulclnot bring their case individually to prevent a recurrent case from happening. this oollective claim, class action, can be made at a lower cost so that the general public may bring their claims to court. in addition, to void mutually controversial verdicts, when each individual make his own claim, class action constitutes to be a more effident procedure. class action as a litigation procedure has its historical, social and cultural background in the common law system. therefore, class action as an effort of civil law reform in Indonesia has a tendency toward the civil law system; from legal comparison viewpoint, lt requires brillian thoughts on the part of judges in order to implement the existing laws actively; let alone, when we consider that the supreme court regulation no. 1, 2002 is but a way of transferring on America or Australian model. on the other hand, class action as a legal protection over Indonesian communities can be exercised as a social control; i.e. as social norms against deviant behaviours and their effects that include prohibitions, demands, condemnation and compensation. dispude resolution procedures with regard to compensation over unlawful deeds in class action should be prepared in detail, covering mechanism of its distribution for all members of a class including suggestions on court proving or panel to help distribute compensation more smoothly. when a compensation demand is approved, a judge isobliged to decide in detail the class grouping, compensation distribution mechanism`and steps to be taken by class representatives such as the obligation of notification. among the frequent cases are environmental function recovery, waste management improvement, pollution source eradication, compensation for the affected group and attitudinal changes among law breakers.besides, class action as a tool of social engineering, that is, when a gap between law and social change appears, should find its solution whereas class action as a social emancipation means the equal right among various aspects of social life.based on the fact that court decision in class action is binding to all, any interest group using this procedure should help reduce administrative problems. this new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction, public claims using a class action procedure, ls relevant to Frederick Calvert's theory. the people?s interest represented by a class action is in accordance with the theoiy of utilitarianism proposed by Jeremy Bentham. judges, accordingly, should make their decision on the basis of equilibrium principle between individual and collective interests as put forward by John Rawls In his theory of justice. rules are then needed to avoid a conflict of interests, between individual and collective ones. law as an umpire is indispensable."

"Skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai suatu pembatalan perjanjian yang dilakukan secara sepihak pada studi kasus putusan nomor 207/Pdt.G/2020/PN Ptk, dan bagaimana akibat hukum serta dampak yang akan terjadi apabila salah satu pihak membatalkan dengan tidak berdasar dan tidak memiliki alasan yang jelas, apakah hal tersebut termasuk kedalam Wanprestasi atau Perbuatan Melawan Hukum. Kemudian menganalisis bagaimana suatu perjanjian dapat dilakukan melalui social media dan menguji keabsahannya sesuai dengan peraturan yang terdapat didalam undang undang dan juga KUHPerdata apakah sudah dapat dikatakan sebagai perjanjian yang mengikat antara kedua belah pihak. Lalu putusan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara akan dianalisis.

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This thesis will discuss the cancellation of an agreement that was carried out unilaterally in the case study of the decision number 207/Pdt.G/2020/PN Ptk, and what are the legal consequences and the impact that will occur if one party cancels with no basis and does not have good reasons it is clear whether this is included in a Default or an Unlawful Act. Then analyze how an agreement can be made through social media and test its validity in accordance with the regulations contained in the law and also the Civil Code whether it can be said to be a binding agreement between the two parties. Then the judge's decision in deciding the case will be analyzed."

"ABSTRAKHukum tertulis berupa peraturan perundangan-undangan dibentuk oleh Pemerintah RI untuk menjamin kepentingan umum di sektor kehutanan berupa kewajiban hukum bagi setiap orang yang melakukan pemanfaatan hasil hutan kayu dari hutan negara sebagai sumber penerimaan keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah (keuangan publik). Apabila dalam pelaksanaannya, orang tersebut tidak melakukan kewajiban hukum menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, maka orang tersebut telah melakukan suatu perbuatan melawan hukum yang disebut illegal logging. Dampak ekonomi dari illegal logging adalah dapat merugikan keuangan publik. Konsepsi illegal logging belum dikenal dalam hukum tertulis di Indonesia. Untuk itu, teori mengenai cara-cara menafsirkan perundang-undangan digunakan untuk menafsirkan perbuatan illegal logging menurut substansi peraturan perundang-undangan yang khususnya mengatur aktivitas di sektor Kehutanan. Konsepsi hukum keuangan publik di Indonesia belum sesuai dengan konsepsi hukum dan lingkungan kuasa hukum yang berlaku pada umumnya sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerancuan hukum. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada konsepsi hukum mengenai keuangan negara menurut UU No. 20 Tahun 1997 tentang Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) yang membatasi lingkup keuangan negara hanya pada penerimaan keuangan oleh Pemerintah Pusat. Sedangkan konsepsi hukum keuangan negara menurut UU khusus yakni UU No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara, bahwa keuangan negara termasuk penerimaan negara dan penerimaan daerah (keuangan publik). ltu berarti dapat diinterpretasikan, bahwa semua bentuk penerimaan keuangan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah termasuk keuangan negara. Dengan demikian, apabila kita mengikuti konsepsi hukum keuangan negara menurut UU Keuangan Negara, maka segala bentuk penerimaan keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah yang bersumber dan kewajiban hukum di sektor kehutanan termasuk ke dalam keuangan negara. Untuk itu, mengenai sanksi hukum keuangan publik kepada pelaku illegal logging dilakukan dengan menafsirkan asas dan kaidah hukum keuangan negara (Pemerintah Pusat) dan kerugian keuangan negara, serta keuangan daerah (Pemerintah Daerah) dan kerugian keuangan daerah yang terdapat dalam hukum positif di Indonesia berupa peraturan perundangundangan yang berlaku. Dengan demikian, teori tentang berlakunya perundang-undangan digunakan untuk menafsirkan berlakunya sanksi hukum keuangan publik kepada pelaku illegal logging.

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ABSTRAK

Written law in the form of legislations were formed by Indonesia Government to protect and guarantee public interest in forestry sector, thus it is an obligation for all parties which involve in using forest resource as source of income to follow the legislation since forest resource contribute to state and province income (public financial). Incompliance to the legislation in effect will result in sentence of illegal logging. The economic impact of illegal logging is public financial loss. Illegal logging concept is not known in Indonesia?s written law, therefore the theory on how to interpret legislation is used to interpret illegal logging action as define and specify in forestry sector legislation. The public finance law concept is not inline with generally practice law, therefore it might cause misinterpretation. This can be observe by referring to legislation No. 20 year 1997 regarding non tax state income which limit state finance to receivable from central government, whilst state finance law concept according to special legislation No. 17 year 2003 says that state finance receivable comes from both central government and province government. Thus it can be interpreted that all forms of finance received by central and province government are state receivable. Therefore if we follow state finance law concept according to state finance legislation, all finance receivable by central and province government that comes from forestry sector will be included in state finance. Thus the law sanction given to illegal logging doer is done by interpreting state finance law, state finance loss and province financial loss. Thus the elaborated theory on legislation that should be used to interpret state finance law to illegal lodger."