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"Maternal responsiveness merupakan salah satu domain dari interaksi orangtuaanak. Maternal responsiveness menjelaskan mengenai respon ibu terhadap tanda, emosi, kata, ketertarikan, dan tingkah laku yang dimunculkan oleh anak (Roggman & Innocenti, 2008). Penelitian ini ingin melihat perbedaan maternal responsiveness pada anak usia prasekolah ketika bermain menggunakan media permainan non-elektronik dan media elektronik. Penelitian dilakukan pada 61 pasang ibu-anak. Maternal Responsivenss yang terdapat dalam interaksi bermain diukur menggunakan alat ukur PICCOLO (The Parents Interacting with Children: Checklist of Observation Linked to Outcomes) pada domain responsiveness. Peneliti juga menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengetahui gambaran umum dari kegiatan bermain anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan mean yang signifikan pada maternal responsivenes. Maternal responsiveness ketika bermain menggunakan media elektronik lebih rendah dibandingkan ketika bermain menggunakan media non-elektronik. Walaupun begitu, subjek dalam penelitian ini memliki skor maternal responsiveness yang cukup tinggi.

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Maternal responsiveness is a domain of parent interaction. Maternal responsiveness describes the mother's response to signs, emotions, words, interests, and behavior displayed by children (Roggman & Innocenti, 2008). This study was conducted to look at the differences in maternal responsiveness in Mother and Preschool Age Children’s Interaction When Playing with Non-electronic Toys Media and Electronic Toys Media.

The participants are 61 pairs of mother-preschool children. Maternal Responsiveness in the interaction when playing were measured using an instrument called PICCOLO (The Parents Interacting with Children: Checklist of Observation Linked to Outcomes) on responsiveness domains. Researcher also used questionnaire to collect information about children playing activity in general.

The results of this study showed a significant mean difference in maternal responsiveness. Maternal responsiveness when the children are playing electronic toys media is lower than when they are playing non-electronic toys media. However, the subjects in this study possess the quite high score maternal responsiveness."

"Penelitian ini ingin melihat perbedaan perilaku afeksi ibu dalam interaksi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah ketika bermain menggunakan media permainan elektronik dan non-elektronik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 61 pasang ibu dan anak prasekolah yang berusia dari 3 sampai dengan 6 tahun. Data tentang perilaku afeksi ibu pada anak diukur dengan Skala PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes) melalui metode observasi. Sebagai data tambahan, kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan seputar kegiatan bermain anak dan alat permainan yang dimiliki, diberikan kepada Ibu untuk mengetahui gambaran kegiatan bermain anak baik dengan media elektronik maupun non-elektronik. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah terdapat perbedaan perilaku afeksi ibu dalam interaksi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah ketika bermain menggunakan media permainan elektronik dan non-elektronik. Afeksi Ibu saat bermain dengan media permainan elektronik lebih rendah dibandingkan saat bermain dengan media permainan non-elektronik.

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The objective of this research is to find the differences of maternal affection in interaction between mother and preschool children when playing with electronic toys and non-electronic toys. This research was conducted to 61 pairs of mother and preschool children, whose ages are between three to six years. The affection was measured by PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes) scale with observation method. To support the research, questionnaire about children’s playing activities were given to the mothers to get the description of the media which children play, whether the children playing with electronic media or not.

The result of the study showed that there is a significant differences of maternal affection in interaction between mother and prsechool children when they were playing together with electronic and non-electronic toys. Mother’s affection when they were playing with their children, using electronic toys is less significantly than when they were playing with a non-electronic one."

"Berkembangnya penggunaan media elektronik sebagai alat bermain mengakibatkan munculnya pergeseran dalam aktivitas dan preferensi bermain anak. Pergeseran tersebut kemudian berimplikasi pada kemungkinan terjadinya perubahan dalam interaksi ibu dengan anak ketika bermain bersama. Salah satu domain dari interaksi ibu-anak yang juga terpengaruh oleh pergeseran aktivitas bermain anak adalah perilaku maternal teaching behavior. Maternal teaching behavior terjadi ketika ibu memiliki intensi dan secara aktif memodifikasi lingkungan atau perilakunya sendiri untuk memastikan bahwa anak menerima dan mempelajari arti dari sebuah pengalaman serta menghubungkannya dengan pengalaman lainnya (Klein, Adi-Japha, dan Rosenthal, 2010). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan antara maternal teaching behavior dalam interaksi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah ketika bermain dengan media elektronik dan non-elektronik. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 61 pasang ibu dan anaknya yang berada pada kategori usia prasekolah. Terdapat dua alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu PICCOLO (Parent Interactions with Children Checklist of Observation Linked to Outcomes) yang digunakan dalam observasi dan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai pola dan pandangan subjek mengenai bermain. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah bahwa terdapat perbedaan maternal teaching behavior yang signifikan ketika pasangan ibu-anak bermain dengan media elektronik dan non-elektronik, dengan rata-rata skor maternal teaching behavior lebih tinggi ketika bermain dengan media nonelektronik.

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The developing use of electronic media as toys resulted in the alteration of children’s preference in play activity. The alteration of children’s play activity then increase the possibility that there is a changing pattern of mother-child interaction when they were playing together. One of the domains of mother-child interaction that is most likely to be influenced by the changing nature of children’s play activity is maternal teaching behavior. Maternal teaching behavior occurs when mother has the intention and actively modifying her own behavior or the environment around to ensure that children receive and learn the meaning of an experience and relating it to other experiences (Klein, Adi-Japha, and Rosenthal, 2010).

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is a difference in the maternal teaching behavior of the interaction between mother and her pre-school aged children when playing with electronic and non-electronic media. The subject of this study consisted of 61 pairs of mother and their preschool-aged children. There are two measurement tools used in this study, which are PICCOLO (Parent Interactions with Children Checklist of Observation Linked to Outcomes) that used in the observation and questionnaires to obtain information about the the subject’s play pattern.

The result obtained from this study is that there is a significant difference between maternal teaching behavior when the mother-child pair playing with electronic and non-electronic media, with the average score of maternal teaching behavior when playing with non-electronic media is higher than when the mother-child pair playing with electronic media"

"Parental Autonomy support merupakan tingkat penghargaan dan penggunaan teknik parenting orang tua yang mendorong kemandirian anak dalam mengambil keputusan, memilih, dan berpartisipasi aktif dalam menjalankan keputusan tersebut tanpa menekan, mengkontrol, atau memaksakan kehendak anak. Parental autonomy support meliputi empat elemen dari parent behavior (Deci, Eghrari, Patrick, & Leone; Grolnick, Gurland, DeCourcey, & Jacobs; Joussemet, Koestner, Lekes, & Houlfort, dalam Wooldridge & Shapka, 2012), yaitu penghargaan terhadap pikiran dan perasaan anak, penjelasan dasar rasionil, penawaran pilihan, dan penghindaran bahasa dan perilaku yang bersifat mengkontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan parental autonomy support dalam interaksi ibu-anak usia prasekolah ketika aktivitas bermain dengan media elektronik dan non-elektronik. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi terhadap rekaman aktivitas bermain 61 pasang ibu-anak usia prasekolah di daerah Jakarta dan Depok. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO). Skor rata-rata dari aktivitas bermain dibandingkan dan hasilnya menunjukkan skor parental autonomy support yang lebih rendah secara signifikan ketika bermain dengan elektronik dibandingkan ketika bermain dengan non-elektronik. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari data tersebut adalah parental autonomy support dalam interaksi ibu anak memiliki kualitas yang lebih rendah dalam aktivitas bermain dengan elektronik dibanding bermain dengan nonelektronik.

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Parental Autonomy support refers to level of recognition and parenting technique that parents used to encourage child’s independence in making decisions, choosing alternative, and to participate actively in implementing the decision without pressing, control, or impose the will of the child. Parental autonomy support includes four elements of parents behavior (Deci, Eghrari, Patrick, & Leone; Grolnick, Gurland, DeCourcey, & Jacobs; Joussemet, Koestner, Lekes, & Houlfort, dalam Wooldridge & Shapka, 2012): recognition of child thoughts and feelings, rationale explanations, offering choices, and avoidance of language and behavior that is controlling child.

This study aimed to see the differences of parental autonomy support in mother and preschool-aged children’s interaction when playing with electronic and non-electronic media. Data obtained by observing recorded play activities of 61 mother and preschool aged children in Jakarta and Depok. Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) is an instrument used in this study. The mean score of each play activity compared and the results showed scores of parental autonomy support was significantly lower when playing with electronics than when playing with a non-electronic media. Conclusions derived from the data is that parental autonomy support in the mother child interactions have a lower quality in play activities with electronics than playing with non-electronics."

"Anak usia prasekolah rentan mengalami permasalahan regulasi emosi yang berdampak pada aspek psiko-sosial dan akademik, baik pada saat ini maupun usia mendatang. Regulasi emosi anak terbukti berhubungan dengan regulasi emosi ibu dan sosialisasi emosi juga terbukti mampu berperan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan ini. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui peran sosialisasi emosi sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara regulasi emosi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional ini melibatkan 205 ibu dari anak usia prasekolah (3-6 tahun) sebagai partisipan. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat direct effect yang signifikan antara regulasi emosi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah dan tidak terdapat indirect effect yang signifikan melalui sosialisasi emosi secara supportive, tetapi terdapat indirect effect yang ditemukan signifikan melalui sosialisasi emosi secara unsupportive dalam memediasi hubungan antara regulasi emosi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa regulasi emosi ibu tidak dapat berhubungan secara langsung dengan regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah, tetapi harus melewati sosialisasi emosi secara unsupportive terlebih dahulu untuk berhubungan dengan regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah.

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Preschool-aged children are vulnerable to emotional regulation problems that have an impact on psycho-social and academic aspects, both now and in the future. Children's emotional regulation has been shown to be related to maternal emotion regulation and emotional socialization has also been shown to be able to act as a mediator in this relationship. The current study examined the role of emotion socialization as a mediator of the relations between maternal emotional regulation and emotion regulation of preschool-aged children. This quantitative study with a correlational design involved 205 mothers of preschool children (3-6 years old) as participants.

Results of the mediation analysis revealed that there was no significant direct effect between the maternal emotion regulation and preschool-aged children was not significant, and there was no significant indirect effect through supportive emotional socialization, whereas there was significant indirect effect through unsupportive emotional socialization in mediating the relationship between maternal emotion regulation and preschool-aged children. Therefore, it can be concluded that maternal emotional regulation cannot be directly related to emotional regulation of preschool-aged children, but must pass through unsupportive emotional socialization first to correlate with emotional regulation of preschool-aged children."

"Hubungan orang tua dan anak tercermin dalam kualitas attachment merupakan hal yang penting bagi aspek perkembangan anak di masa depan. Anak yang memiliki kualitas attachment berbeda, antara lain secure, avoidant dan ambivalent attachment, memiliki cara berbeda ketika menghadapi lingkungan karena proses mental yang bekerja dalam pikiran mereka berbeda. Proses mental tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh executive function EF, proses neurokognitif yang memfasilitasi anak dalam mengatur perilaku untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang terbagi menjadi dua domain, cool EF dan hot EF. Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa kualitas attachment memprediksi kemampuan EF anak. Meski demikian, masih ditemukan ketidakkonsistenan temuan terkait domain EF yang terprediksi oleh kualitas attachment anak yang berbeda. Selain itu, figur ayah membuktikan kontribusinya pada aspek perkembangan anak, termasuk kemampuan EF anak. Namun, sejauh pengetahuan peneliti, penelitian mengenai kualitas attachment anak dengan ayah pada kemampuan EF masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perbedaan kemampuan cool EF dan hot EF anak diantara kualitas secure, avoidant dan ambivalent attachment anak dengan ibu dan ayah mereka serta interaksi kombinasi kualitas attachment anak dengan kedua orang tuanya. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 128 anak berusia 4-6 tahun. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan observasi menggunakan battery-test EF dan ASCT Attachment Story Completion Task. Analisis data menggunakan ANCOVA dengan usia dan jenis kelamin sebagai kovariat. Hasil membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan cool EF yang signifikan dan kemampuan hot EF yang tidak signifikan antara kualitas attachment anak yang berbeda. Penjelasan hasil diulas pada bagian diskusi. Temuan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya hubungan harmonis orang tua dan anak yang memfasilitasi proses mental anak untuk mengatur perilaku.

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Parent child relationship which reflected in attachment quality was crucial for child development in subsequent phase of life. A child who have different attachment quality, among others were secure, avoidant, ambivalent attachment that have different way to response their environment because they have different mental process which worked differently in their mind. The work of mental process was supported by executive function EF , a neurocognitive process that facilitated the children to regulate their behavior to solve the problem which divided into two domain, cool EF and hot EF. Previous research found that attachment quality could predicted child's EF skills. However, there were inconsistencies in their result related with which domain that being predicted with the different quality of attachment. Moreover, research related father figure found it contribution to child developmental aspects, including child's EF. Nevertheless, to our knowledge little is known about child's attachment quality with father in predicting child's EF.

The aim of this current research was to investigate the differences in child's cool and hot EF between child secure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment with mother and father and the interaction of the combination of child attachment quality with their parent. The participant of this research were 128 preschoolers aged from 4 6 year old. This research used observational measurement with battery test EF and ASCT Attachment Story Completion Task . The data analysis using ANCOVA with child's age and gender become covariates. This research found that there was a significant differences in cool EF and non significant differences in hot EF between different child attachment quality. The finding will be discussed in discussion. This research presented important finding about parent child quality who could facilitated the child's mental process to regulate their behavior. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perbedaan perilaku nurturing dalam interaksi ibu anak usia toddler antara ibu berusia remaja yang mengalami kehamilan terencana dan ibu berusia remaja yang mengalami kehamilan di luar pernikahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasi sebagai metode pengambilan datanya. Alat ukur Marschak Interaction Method Rating System (O'Connor, Ammen, Hitchcok, & Backman, 2001) digunakan untuk mengkuantifikasikan hasil observasi. Dengan menggunakan pengujian statistik Independent Sample t-Test, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan pada skor rata-rata perilaku nurturing dalam interaksi ibu-anak usia toddler antara ibu berusia remaja yang mengalami kehamilan terencana dan kehamilan di luar pernikahan (t(58) = - 0,021, p < 0,05). Kedua kelompok memperoleh skor rata-rata perilaku nurturing yang cenderung rendah. Selain itu, terdapat faktor lain yang dapat membedakan perilaku nurturing dari ibu berusia remaja, yaitu usia ibu, pendidikan terakhir, dan status sosial ekonomi.

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The focus of this study is to differentiate the nurturing behavior in mother-toddler interaction between planned pregnancy adolescent mother and premarital pregnancy adolescent mother. This study used observation method in collecting the data. As this study is a quantitative research, The Marschak Interaction Method Rating System (O’Connor, Ammen, Hitchcock, & Backman, 2001) is used to quantify the result of observation. Using the Independent Sample t-Test, result shows that there is no significant differences of nurturing behavior in mother-child interaction between planned pregnancy adolescent mother and premarital pregnancy adolescent mother with toddler (t(58) = - 0,021, p < 0,05). Both of them have a low score in nurturing behavior. Furthermore, maternal age, maternal education, and socioeconomic status (SES) could differentiate the nurturing behavior of adolescent mother."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari perbedaan perilaku challenging dalam interaksi ibu-anak antara ibu berusia remaja berdasarkan status perencanaan kehamilannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain komparatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu dengan rentang usia 16 hingga 22 tahun yang telah memiliki anak berusia 12 hingga 36 bulan. Penilaian perilaku challenging dilakukan berdasarkan skala Marschak Interaction Method Rating Scale (MIM-RS). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam perilaku challenging dalam interaksi ibu-anak usia toddler antara ibu berusia remaja yang mengalami kehamilan yang direncanakan dan kehamilan di luar pernikahan t(58) = 1,310, p < 0,195.

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The aim of this study was to find differences of challenging behavior in mother-child interaction between adolescent mother based on pregnancy intentions. This study used a quantitative comparative design. The participants were women with an age range 16 to 22 years who have had children aged 12 to 36 months. Behavioral assessment is done based on the scale of challenging behavior in Marschak Interaction Method Rating Scale (MIM-RS). The result of this study found that there wasn’t significant differences in challenging behavior of mother-toddler interaction between planned pregnancy adolescent mother and premarital pregancy adolescent mother who has had toddler children t(58) = 1,310, p < 0,195."

"Keterlibatan aspek sensori motorik pada subyek terkait konteks spasial melahirkan interioritas; yaitu kualitas pada ruang sebagai proyeksi akan makna. Terkait dengan subyek anak usia dini, interioritas ruang menjadi hal yang esensial; merujuk pada proses tumbuh kembang terkait tujuan pembelajaran dan pembentukan diri melalui eksplorasi spasial. Pada Knowledge Age sekarang ini, pesatnya perkembangan teknologi turut menyentuh aspek arsitektural. Perkembangan teknologi menghadirkan gubahan ruang dalam bentuk representasi. Kehadiran video interaktif berupa gambar bergerak menjadi sarana yang menghadirkan konteks keruangan melalui serangkaian interaksi dan aktivitas mengalami ruang. Analisis studi kasus terhadap video interaktif Balamory, Sesame Street, dan Hi-5 dilakukan untuk menelusuri interioritas pada ruang representasi terkait proses tumbuh kembang anak hingga tahap usia prasekolah. Kualitas ruang terkait home, shelter, lokalitas—place attachment, serta identitas, menjadi nilai-nilai yang terproyeksi terkait aspek-aspek pembelajaran.

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The involvement of subject's perception and motor activities in space produces interiority; a quality of space which projects spatial meanings. For preschool-age children, interiority of space becomes essential in relation to their needs for learning experience and self development through spatial exploration. In Knowledge Age, the development of technology reaches architectural aspect. It produces an arrangement of space as a representative form. Interactive video becomes one of the tools to deliver spatial context through space experiencing. The analyses of case studies—Balamory , Sesame Street, and Hi-5—was conducted to capture the interiority related to growth and development process of children until preschool age. The quality of home, shelter, place attachment, and identity were found as the projected spatial values related to early childhoord learning aspects."