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"Skripsi ini menjelaskan tentang penggunaan legalstanding sebagai salah satu bentuk litigasi kepentinganpublik untuk perkara pelanggaran HAM di peradilan umum.Dengan menggunakan case method, skripsi ini menggunakanpenelitian preskriptif yang bertujuan mencari jalankeluar terhadap permasalahan dengan memberikanrekomendasi yaitu pengaturan legal standing untukperkara HAM. Penggunaan legal standing untuk perkarapelanggaran HAM, berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastianhukum karena tidak adanya pengaturan khusus dalamperaturan perundang-undangan. Padahal, penggunaan legalstanding ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu upayadalam rangka pemenuhan access to justice. Contohnyagugatan Lumpur Lapindo yang diajukan Yayasan LBHIndonesia. Gugatan tersebut menjadi preseden baik untukpengembangan legal standing untuk perkara pelanggaranHAM. Penegakan HAM menjadi salah satu tanggung jawabnegara dalam rangka penyelenggaraan HAM. Legal standingini dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif penegakan HAMdengan mengadopsi konsep perwalian di penegakan hukumlingkungan hidup."

"ABSTRAKKawasan Asia Tenggara memiliki tingkat kejadian perdagangan manusia yang tinggidengan latar belakang dan penyebab yang beragam; baik dari aspek ketenagakerjaan,migrasi, kemiskinan, kejahatan maupun konflik negara. Hal ini menyebabkanpendekatan untuk pemberantasan perdagangan manusia menjadi beragam pula; baikdari tahapan pencegahan, penegakan hukum, maupun dukungan untuk korban. Tesisini membahas pemberantasan perdagangan manusia di kawasan Asia Tenggarasebagai tindak pidana pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan hukum pidanainternasional; baik secara internasional maupun regional antar negara-negara anggotaASEAN. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kerja sama internasional melaluibantuan hukum timbal balik atau mutual legal assistance (MLA). Instrumen bantuanhukum timbal balik yang digunakan dan dianggap sesuai untuk kawasan AsiaTenggara adalah perjanjian yang dihasilkan oleh Association of South East AsiaNations (ASEAN) yaitu ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Criminal Matters(ASEAN MLAT). Bantuan hukum timbal balik merupakan instrumen kerjasamaformal yang sesuai untuk pemberantasan kejahatan formal maka mampu mengikatkomitmen negara secara penuh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi kasus perdaganganmanusia yang terjadi di kawasan ZAMBASULTA (Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi) di Filipina. Sebagai daerah di Filipina dengan kasus perdagangan manusiayang secara dominan lintas batas Negara antara Filipina dengan Malaysia.ZAMBASULTA dapat menggambarkan penerapan ASEAN MLAT di kawasan AsiaTenggara sebagai instrument regional pemberantasan manusia.

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ABSTRACTSouth East Asia region has a high level of human trafficking case with variousbackgrounds and causes; whether from aspects of labor, migration, poverty, crime orhomeland conflict. Hence the approach for human trafficking suppression varies;whether from the phase of prevention, law enforcement, or victim support. This thesisaddresses human trafficking suppression in South East Asia region as a crime againsthuman rights. Writer describes the law for human rights protection and internationalcrime against human trafficking; internationally and amongst ASEAN membercountries. The approach being taken is international cooperation through mutual legalassistance (MLA). The instrument considered appropriate is ASEAN Mutual LegalAssistance Treaty in Criminal Matters (ASEAN MLAT). Mutual legal assistance is acompatible formal cooperation instrument for suppressing human trafficking becauseof its ability to handle transnational crimes and provides binding commitmentamongst countries. Research is conducted with case study of ZAMBASULTA(Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi) in Philippine. Being a Philippine region withcross border human trafficking cases between Philippine and Malaysia,ZAMBASULTA can represent the implementation of ASEAN MLAT in South EastAsia region as a regional instrument of human trafficking suppression."

"Ketika Snowden menyadari melalui awal yang tidak jelas bahwa pemerintah AS sedang memata-matai beberapa warga, ia memutuskan untuk melakukan investigasi atas masalah tersebut. Ia dipekerjakan oleh pemerintah, dengan maksud utama menemukan sumber informasi ini. Saat bekerja, ia mampu menemukan data yang dicatat dan disimpan. Informasi ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah sudah mengumpulkan informasi pada percakapan pribadi antara warga negara AS dan warga non AS. Ini adalah pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan. Snowden mengungkapkan informasi ini kepada publik, yang merupakan pelanggaran terhadap undang-undang negara. Hal itu tidak dapat diterima untuk mengungkapkan setiap rahasia pemerintah kepada publik. Ia dituduh mengungkapkan rahasia pemerintah kepada publik. Karena Snowden hanya membeberkan informasi umum tentang keburukan pemerintah, hal ini bukanlah kejahatan. Orang-orang mulai melawan pemerintah. Untuk alasan ini, pemerintah menyayangkan apa yang Snowden lakukan. Kita tidak bisa mengatakan bahwa yang Snowden lakukan buruk. Ia hanya ingin menolong rekan sebangsanya dengan membuat mereka sadar bahwa Pemerintah telah melanggar hak mereka dengan menginvestigasi tindakan pribadi mereka.

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When Snowden realized through unknown initial means that the US government was spying on some citizens, he decided to conduct an investigation on the matter. He got employed by the government, with the major intention of discovering the real source of this information. While working in the office, he was able to find the data that had been recorded and stored. This information showed that the government had been collecting information on personal conversations between US citizens and non US citizens. This is a violation of human rights and freedoms. Snowden revealed this information to the public, which was a violation of the state laws. It was not acceptable at all to reveal any government secret to the public. He was accused of revealing government secrets to the public. Since Snowden only informed the public of the government ills, this was no crime. The people started fighting against the government. For this reason, the government is saddened by whatever Snowden did. We cannot say that Snowden did anything wrong. He only wanted to assist his fellow countrymen by making them realize that the government had violated their rights by investigating their private actions."

"A paradigm change is occurring, in the course of which human beings are becoming the primary international legal persons. In numerous areas of public international law, substantive rights and obligations of individuals arguably flow directly from international law. The novel legal status of humans in international law is now captured with a concept borrowed from constitutional doctrine: international rights of the person, as opposed to international law protecting persons. Combining doctrinal analysis with current practice, this book is the most comprehensive contemporary analysis of the legal status of the individual. Beyond Human Rights, previously published in German and now revised by the author in this English edition, not only deals with the individual in international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international investment law, but it also covers fields such as consular law, environmental law, protection of individuals against acts of violence and natural disasters, refugee law and labour law."

"Even though the concept of human rights mainstreaming is not new to publicinternational law, it has recently gained increased recognition as a practicalapproach for recognizing the linkages between human rights and other socialjustice issues such as environmental protection. A plenitude of literature havebeen generated on the need to recognize and enforce human rights standardsand norms in a wide range of issues including environment, health, gender,poverty, food, water and refugee protection to mention but a few. Despitethe rapid ascendancy of the human rights mainstreaming concept, muchattention have not been given to the scope of human rights mainstreamingand the practical aspects of human rights mainstreaming, particularlywhether institutions consisting of ?outsiders? to the human rights epistemiccommunity can interpret and enforce human rights obligation. Put simply, doenvironmentalists, scientists and outsiders to human rights have the capacityto mainstream human rights? This paper examines the scope and tenetsof human rights mainstreaming, it then discusses the practical aspects ofmainstreaming human rights into policy making, particularly how epistemicconcerns on human rights mainstreaming can be addressed in national andinternational policy design and implementation.There is virtually no aspect of our work that does not have a human rightsdimension. Whether we are talking about peace and security, development,humanitarian action, the struggle against terrorism, climate change, none ofthese challenges can be addressed in isolation from human rights."