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"ABSTRAKKetergantungan nikotin merupakan masalah fenomenal yang dihadapi olehseluruh dunia dan yang sulit untuk dipecahkan termasuk Indonesia. Oleh karenaitu, penanganan terhadap individu dengan ketergantungan nikotin menjadi halyang sangat penting. Ada tiga pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk menanganiperokok yang ingin berhenti merokok yaitu pendekatan psikologis, medis, dankombinasi. Penulis memilih pendekatan kombinasi karena berbagai penelitianmembuktikan bahwa pendekatan ini memiliki tingkat keberhasilan tertinggi diantara pendekatan lainnya. Penulis kemudian memilih kombinasi CBT denganVarenicline karena kombinasi ini menghasilkan tingkat keberhasilan tertinggidibandingkan kombinasi lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji tingkatefektifitas CBT kombinasi Varenicline dalam menurunkan jumlah rokok, motivasimerokok, dan ketergantungan nikotin dua orang perokok aktif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi yang diberikan e fek tif dalammenurunkan ketergantungan nikotin kedua partisipan. Jumlah ro k o k yangdikonsumsi mengalami penurunan sebesar 90%. Selain itu, terjadi penurunanmotivasi untuk merokok sebesar 45% pada 13 aspek motivasi. Terapi ini ju g aberhasil menurunkan tingkat ketergantungan nikotin menjadi sangat rendah.Setelah 2 minggu, penurunan konsumsi rokok menjadi 83% dan aspek motivasimengalami penurunan menjadi 37%."

"Latar belakang. Bahaya merokok sudah diketahui secara luas, namun seorang perokok yang ingin berhenti merokok mengalami kesulitan karena terdapat pengaruh yang kuat aspek bio-fisio-psiko-sosio-demografi. Untuk itu, perpaduan metode berhenti merokok melalui pendekatan farmakologi dan non-farmakologi perlu dilakukan. Terapi kombinasi melalui farmakologi (vareniklin tartrat/VT) dan non-farmakologi (hipnosis kedokteran) diharapkan efektif membantu individu dengan ketergantungan nikotin untuk berhenti merokok.Metode. Desain penelitian ini adalah uji klinis eksperimental acak tersamar tunggal yang dilakukan pada 100 perokok sedang-berat yang dialokasi menjadi dua kelompok melalui randomisasi. Setelah randomisasi, 50 responden akan mengikuti intervensi VT+hipnosis kedokteran dan 50 responden akan mengikuti intervensi VT+edukasi yang dilakukan paralel, mengikuti modul hipnosis kedokteran dan edukasi selama 12 minggu, dilanjutkan pengamatan 12 minggu pasca terapi. Keberhasilan responden dinyatakan berdasarkan nilai EECOL dengan batas pisah ≤ 10 ppm pada salah satu minggu selama penelitian. Responden dikatakan relaps jika nilai EECOL kembali ditemukan >10 ppm setelah dinyatakan berhasil. Analisis faktor bio-fisio-psiko-sosio-demografi dilakukan untuk melihat peran faktor tersebut terhadap keberhasilan terapi kombinasi VT+hipnosis kedokteran.Hasil. Keberhasilan berhenti merokok jangka pendek kelompok VT+hipnosis kedokteran dan VT+edukasi adalah sebesar 78% dan 66% dengan NNT sebesar 8 (IK95%=3-18). Keberhasilan jangka panjang kedua kelompok sebesar 86% dan 68% (p=0,032). Angka relaps pada kelompok VT+hipnosis kedokteran ditemukan lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok VT+edukasi (44,2% vs. 58,3%) dengan NNT sebesar 7 (IK95%=3-19). Tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh aspek bio-fisio-psiko-sosio-demografi di dalam penelitian (p>0,05).Simpulan. Terapi kombinasi VT+hipnosis kedokteran memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang lebih baik dan angka relaps yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan VT+edukasi walaupun tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh aspek bio-fisio-psiko-sosio-demografi di dalam penelitian.

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Background. Smoking has been widely known for it’s dangers towards health. Despite of the danger, smokers find hard to stop smoking and therapy is needed to help them stop smoking. Combination therapy which covers pharmacology and non-pharmacology aspect is needed to help smokers to stop smoking. Varenicline tartrate (VT) and medical hypnosis as a combined therapy is used to cover the pharmacology and non-pharmacology aspect of individual with nicotine dependence to stop smoking.

Methods. The research was conducted as a random single-blind experimental study on 100 moderate to severe smokers, divided randomly into two groups of 50 respondents each. Each group correspondingly enrolled VT+medical hypnosis therapy and VT+education therapy based on medical hypnosis and education module for 12 weeks with follow up for another 12 weeks. The program was defined successful by EECOL value ≤ 10 ppm in any week during the research and relapse was defined by EECOL value greater than 10 ppm after a success was declared. Analysis on bio-physio-psycho-socio-demography aspect was done to assess influence of these factors on the success rate of VT+medical hypnosis group.

Results. The short term success rate of VT+medical hypnosis and VT+education combination therapy was 78% and 66% respectively with NNT of 8 (CI95%=3-18). Long term success rate of both group was 86% and 68% respectively (p=0,032). Relapse rate is lower in the VT+medical hypnosis group than VT+education group (42,2% vs. 58,3%) with NNT of 7 (CI95%=3-19). There is no evident on relation of bio-physio-psycho-socio-demography and the success rate in the experiment (p>0,05).

Conclusion. Intervention with VT+medical hypnosis for smoking cessation has higher success rate and lower relapse rate than control. There was no evident on relation of bio-physio-psycho-socio-demography and the success rate in the experiment."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan diketahuinya pengaruh cognitive behavior therapy terhadap perubahan perilaku merokok, ketergantungan nikotin dan ansietas. Metode Quasi experiment non-equivalent control group pre-test-post test. Sampel 80 perokok diambil secara proportional stratified random. Pengumpulan data diukur dengan kuesioner Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavior, Fagerstrom Test Nicotine Dependence dan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Hasil Perilaku merokok, ketergantungan nikotin dan ansietas kelompok yang mendapat cognitive behavior therapy menurun secara signifikan (P-value ≤ 0,05) dan ketiganya menunjukan hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan arah positif, sementara pada kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan cognitive behavior therapy ketiganya menunjukan peningkatan. Cognitive behavior therapy direkomendasikan sebagai psikoterapi untuk membantu berhenti merokok.

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ABSTRACTesearch goal Determine effect of cognitive behavior therapy to changes smoking behavior, nicotine dependence and anxiety. Methods Quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Samples 80 smokers by proportional stratified random. Data Collection used Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavior, Fagerstrom Test Nicotine Dependence and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Results Smoking behavior, nicotine dependence and anxiety in a group with cognitive behavior therapy significantly decreased (P-value ≤ 0.05) and it was very strong relationship with the positive direction, while in group without cognitive behavior therapy it was increased. Cognitive behavior therapy recommended as psychotherapy to help smoking cessation., esearch goal Determine effect of cognitive behavior therapy to changes smoking behavior, nicotine dependence and anxiety. Methods Quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Samples 80 smokers by proportional stratified random. Data Collection used Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavior, Fagerstrom Test Nicotine Dependence and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Results Smoking behavior, nicotine dependence and anxiety in a group with cognitive behavior therapy significantly decreased (P-value ≤ 0.05) and it was very strong relationship with the positive direction, while in group without cognitive behavior therapy it was increased. Cognitive behavior therapy recommended as psychotherapy to help smoking cessation.]"

"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N 􏰀 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive?behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps 􏰄 .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh anger management dengan pendekatan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) terhadap individu yang memiliki masalah dalam mengelola emosi marah dalam hubungan pacaran. Hal ini dilakukan karena permasalahan dalam mengelola emosi marah dapat memiliki dampak kesehatan bagi dirinya dan dampak psikologis bagi pasangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi-eksperimental one group, before after (pretest - posttest) design, yaitu dengan memberikan intervensi CBT kepada 4 orang partisipan. Selanjutnya, analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data kuantitatif maupun kualitatif dari hasil pre-test, post-test, dan follow-up.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi ini berhasil membantu dua dari tiga partisipan untuk mengelola kemarahannya. Secara kuantitatif, intervensi ini membantu menurunkan tendensi partisipan untuk marah, meningkatkan kemampuan partisipan untuk mengontrol marah, dan membantu ketiga partisipan untuk menurunkan tingkat kemarahan yang dirasakannya. Selanjutnya, secara kualitatif intervensi ini membantu dua dari tiga partisipan dalam mengelola kemarahannya dengan lebih baik.

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This research was made to understand the effect of Anger Management by using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to an individual that has a problem in regulating their anger in a dating relationship. This is done because the problem in controlling our anger will have a negative impact for their health, as well as psychological effect for couples. This research is a form of quasi-experimental on one group, before after (pretest - posttest) design, which is by giving CBT intervention towards 4 participants. After that, the analysis will be done by comparing quantitative data, as well as qualitative data from the result of the pretest, post-test, and follow-up session.

The result shows that this intervention has successfully helped two out of the 3 participants to control their anger. Quantitatively, this intervention will help to reduce the tendency of their anger, increase the participant?s ability to control anger, and helped the 3 participants to reduce their level of anger that they felt. After that, qualitatively this intervention helped two out of the 3 participants to better control their anger."

"This study examines the effect of homework compliance on treatment outcome in 123 participants receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for cocaine dependence. Regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between homework compliance and cocaine use that was moderated by readiness to change. Homework compliance predicted less cocaine use during treatment but only for participants higher in readiness to change. For those lower in readiness to change, homework compliance was not associated with cocaine use during treatment. Homework compliance early in therapy was associated with better retention in treatment. Homework compliance was not predicted by participants' level of education or readiness to change. These findings support the use of homework during CBT for substance use disorders."

"The book is meant to help students and professionals in dentistry to understand the complexity of the anxiety phenomenon, and in psychology to understand the specific situation for the dental phobia (DP) patient, and bridge the gap between dentistry and psychology"