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"ABSTRAKIntervensi yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (intervensi kognitif dan perilaku) untuk mengurangi kecemasan yang dialami oleh remaja perempuan berusia tiga belas tahun. Tujuan intervensi adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengubah distorsi kognitif anak tentang perasaan tidak mampu (incompeten) dan menimbulkan kecemasan sehingga anak diharapkan mampu menemukan cara untuk menghilangkan kecemasan yang muncul pada situasi tertentu. Intervensi dilakukan sebanyak 8 sesi yang berlangsung dalam jangka waku dua bulan. Sesi terbagi atas dua bagian, yaitu sesi intervensi kognitif untuk mengubah distorsi kognitif pada anak serta sesi perilaku dimana anak diajak untuk mempraktekkan langsung dan mengaplikasikan materi yang didapatkan pada sesi kognitif.Setelah delapan sesi intervensi selesai dilakukan, terlihat bahwa anak dapat menemukan dan memahami distorsi pikirannya tentang perasaan tidak mampu yang selama ini dirasakan ketika berhadapan dengan beberapa situasi (seperti situasi ujian) sehingga akhirnya anak mampu berpikir secara lebih seimbang. Kondisi tersebut akhirnya berpengaruh terhadap perilakunya, yaitu anak kembali berusaha untuk menumbuhkan semangat belajar dan simptom-simptom kecemasan yang muncul akibat perasaan tidak mampu tersebut juga sudah mulai berkurang seperti ketika ada dalam situasi ujian, anak tidak lagi sakit perut dan berkeringat ketika berhadapan dengan soal ujian.

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ABSTRACTCognitive Behavior Therapy technique is known as a method to reduce anxiety that thirteen years old girls had. With working on this method, we want to identify and try to manipulate children cognitive distortion especially incompetent feeling that end up with anxiety, so whenever this feeling happen they will find a way to handle it. The intervention took two month of work divided into eight sessions. Intervention consists of two parts. First we took cognitive intervention session, in order to manipulate cognitive distortion whenever its occurred to the children and the second part is behavioral where the children is expected to apply what they have learned before.At the end of the eighth session, we found out that the children can figured out some of mind distortion that they had so they will be able to neutralize their mind whenever the situation occurs. This condition allowed them to boost their spirit higher especially in study and to handle several anxiety symptoms for example sweating or stomach ache that they used to have in class."

"[Latar Belakang : Konflik relasi berpacaran rentan dialami oleh dewasa muda. Konflik yang tidak terselesaikan memunculkan kekerasan dalam pacaran. Kekerasan dalam pacaran mungkin terjadi dalam bentuk fisik, psikologis, seksual dan ekonomi. Riwayat pengalaman traumatis yang dialami sebelumnya oleh individu, membentuk self-esteem rendah pada individu dan membuka peluang pada individu untuk kembali terjebak pada relasi berkekerasan yang serupa, salah satunya kekerasan dalam pacaran. Self-esteem yang rendah mengakibatkan korban sulit untuk keluar dari siklus relasi berkekerasan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran. Intervensi yang telah terbukti efektif dalam menangani self-esteem yang rendah adalah cognitive behavior therapy. Metode : Penelitian ini berupa intervensi CBT pada 4 orang partisipan. Desain penelitian ini termasuk dalam one group pretest-posttest design (before and after). Analisis : Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data kuantitatif dari hasil pre-test dan post-test pada alat ukur RSES. Analisa kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap perkembangan dan perubahan yang dialami partisipan. Hasil : CBT cukup berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada partisipan, namun demikian intervensi selama 6 sesi pertemuan ini dirasa belum cukup untuk mengatasi permasalahan kekerasan dalam pacaran secara menyeluruh. Partisipan mengalami perubahan aspek kognitif dan perilaku. Partisipan merasa percaya diri dan nyaman terhadap penampilan fisik maupun kemampuan yang dimiliki. Partisipan memperoleh pemikiran yang lebih realistis untuk keluar dari relasi pacaran yang tidak sehat.

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Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.;Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship., Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.]"

"ABSTRAKPenurunan jumlah aktivitas pada lansia biasa dikaitkan dengan pengalaman tidak menyenangkan seperti tidak memiliki teman, perasaan hampa dan kesepian. Pengalaman tersebut didefinisikan sebagai loneliness yang sifatnya subjektif dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup serta kesehatan individu. Loneliness ditemukan dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah sistolik pada lansia yang mengarahkan lansia pada gangguan hipertensi.Fenomena terkait loneliness dapat ditemukan pada para lansia di Depok. Peneliti memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) pada 3 (tiga) orang lansia untuk menurunkan tingkat loneliness yang dialaminya. Jika loneliness telah menurun, maka peneliti juga mengharapkan tekanan darah lansia dapat turun dan stabil. Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single-subject repeated measures dengan melakukan tiga kali pengukuran di awal, pertengahan dan akhir rangkaian intervensi untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian terapi terhadap loneliness yang dialami partisipan.Hasil dari penelitian adalah ketiga partisipan mengalami penurunan loneliness yang terlihat dari wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran menggunakan The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, dan Personal Definitions of Loneliness. Seluruh partisipan juga mengalami penurunan tekanan darah menurut hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan tensi meter digital. Penurunan loneliness diperkirakan terjadi karena ketaatan partisipan dalam menjalani terapi terutama dalam melakukan perubahan perilaku serta adanya motivasi yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Penurunan loneliness akan lebih signifikan jika partisipan memiliki dukungan sosial untuk mempertahankan perilaku positif serta kemampuan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, Partisipan telah mampu mempraktikkan teknik-teknik yang diberikan dalam terapi seperti mengenali loneliness yang dialami, relaksasi, pemecahan masalah, dan melawan pikiran buruk.

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ABSTRACT

In older adults, reduced activities often related to unpleasant experiences, such as having no friends, feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Feeling of loneliness is subjective to individuals and affects their health and quality of life. It is found that loneliness can have impact on systolic blood pressure among older adults and result in hypertension.

Phenomena related to loneliness happen among older adults in Depok. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing level of loneliness among older adults, so that their blood pressure would get lower and stay in a stable condition. Design of the study was single-subject repeated measures with three participants, and three times measurement (initial, middle, final).

Results of the study suggest that all three participants' level of loneliness reduced, which can be seen from interview, observation, and scores of quantitative inventories (The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Personal Definitions of Loneliness). Participants' blood pressure also reduced. Participants' compliance to therapy processes, such as high motivation and changes in behavior, contributed to the reduced level of loneliness. It is assumed that loneliness scores would be reduced more significantly if participants had better social support, maintained positive behaviors, and had better verbal capacity. Despite of lack of verbal capacity, participants were able to practice some techniques, such as identifying loneliness, relaxation, problem solving, and countering negative thoughts."

"Regulasi emosi merupakan salah satu aspek perkembangan penting seorang remaja. Kesulitan dalam regulasi emosi menyebabkan munculnya perilaku impulsif, acting-out,dan berisiko mengalami psikopatologi. Pola asuh menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan regulasi emosi pada remaja karena menjadi early experience dan berhubungan dengan pembentukan core belief, yang juga merupakan faktor yang berkontribusi pada kemampuan regulasi emosi. Adanya core belief yang maladaptif membuat seseorang kesulitan untuk meregulasi emosi sehingga diperlukan intervensi berbasis kognitif, yaitu cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus (N=1) yang bertujuan untuk melihat apakah penerapan prinsip CBT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi pada remaja adopsi dengan pola asuh yang overprotective dan overdemanding. Intervensi dilakukan dalam 6 sesi dengan partisipan anak dan 5 sesi parent training. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CBT yang melibatkan orangtua dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi remaja adopsi.

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Emotion regulation is one of the important developmental aspects in adolescent. Parenting become one of the factor that associated with the development of emotion regulation in adolescent as an early experience and associated with development of core belief, in which contributed to the emotion regulation ability. The maladaptive core belief makes one find difficulties to regulate ones emotion so the cognitive based intervention is needed, which is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The current research is a case study (N=1), which aims to gain evident if the application of CBT principles is able to increase the emotion regulation ability in adopted adolescent raised by the overprotective and overdemanding parenting practice. The intervention consists 6 sessions with adolescent participant and 5 sessions in parent training. The result of this current research shows that CBT with parental involvement could increase the emotion

regulation ability in adopted adolescent.

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"Regulasi emosi merupakan salah satu aspek perkembangan penting seorang remaja. Kesulitan dalam regulasi emosi menyebabkan munculnya perilaku impulsif, acting-out, dan berisiko mengalami psikopatologi. Pola asuh menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan regulasi emosi pada remaja karena menjadi early experience dan berhubungan dengan pembentukan core belief, yang juga merupakan faktor yang berkontribusi pada kemampuan regulasi emosi. Adanya core belief yang maladaptif membuat seseorang kesulitan untuk meregulasi emosi sehingga diperlukan intervensi berbasis kognitif, yaitu cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus (N=1) yang bertujuan untuk melihat apakah penerapan prinsip CBT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi pada remaja adopsi dengan pola asuh yang overprotective dan overdemanding. Intervensi dilakukan dalam 6 sesi dengan partisipan anak dan 5 sesi parent training. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CBT yang melibatkan orangtua dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi remaja adopsi.

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Emotion regulation is one of the important developmental aspects in adolescent. Parenting become one of the factor that associated with the development of emotion regulation in adolescent as an early experience and associated with development of core belief, in which contributed to the emotion regulation ability. The maladaptive core belief makes one find difficulties to regulate ones emotion so the cognitive based intervention is needed, which is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The current research is a case study (N=1), which aims to gain evident if the application of CBT principles is able to increase the emotion regulation ability in adopted adolescent raised by the overprotective and overdemanding parenting practice. The intervention consists 6 sessions with adolescent participant and 5 sessions in parent training. The result of this current research shows that CBT with parental involvement could increase the emotion regulation ability in adopted adolescent."

"Early Psychosis merupakan suatu keadaan dimana seseorang mengalami tanda dan gejala psikosis untuk pertama kalinya atau biasa dikenal dengan istilah first-episode psychosis (National Alliance on Mental Ilness, 2016). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Falcone et al (2014) diketahui bahwa seseorang yang berada pada fase early psychosis berisiko lebih tinggi untuk melakukan tindakan bunuh diri. Prevalensi angka kematian akibat bunuh diri pada klien early psychosis diperkirakan terjadi sebesar 4,3% per 1000 orang per tahun dan cenderung meningkat sebesar 60% dalam tahun pertama masa pengobatan (Bornheimer, 2018; Pompili et al., 2011). Terapi keperawatan Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), logoterapi dan psikoedukasi keluarga dengan menggunakan pendekatan Middle Rhange Theory Chronic Sorrow yang diberikan pada klien early psychosis bertujuan untuk melihat tanda gejala, kemampuan klien mengendalikan dorongan bunuh diri, melawan pikiran negatif dan menemukan makna hidup. Terapi keperawatan CBT, logoterapi dan psikoedukasi keluarga diberikan pada 10 klien early psychosis dan dilaporkan dalam bentuk laporan kasus. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah menurunnya ide bunuh diri dari kategori tinggi ke rendah, menurunnya tanda gejala bunuh diri, meningkatnya kemampuan mengendalikan dorongan bunuh diri, melawan pikiran negatif dan menemukan makna hidup. Terapi CBT, logoterapi dan psikoedukasi keluarga direkomendasikan menjadi salah satu paket terapi yang dapat diberikan pada klien early psychosis yang mengalami risiko bunuh diri.

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Early Psychosis is a condition where a person experiences signs and symptoms of psychosis for the first time or commonly known as first-episode psychosis (National Alliance on Mental Ilness, 2016). Based on the results of a study conducted by Falcone et al (2014) it is known that someone who is in the phase of early psychosis has a higher risk of committing suicide. The prevalence of suicide deaths in clients of early psychosis is estimated to occur at 4.3% per 1000 people per year and tends to increase by 60% in the first year of treatment (Bornheimer, 2018; Pompili et al., 2011).

Therapy for Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), logotherapy and family psychoeducation using the Middle Rhange Theory Chronic Sorrow approach given to clients early psychosis aims to see signs of symptoms, the ability of the client to control suicidal impulses, fight negative thoughts and find meaning in life. CBT nursing therapy, logotherapy and family psychoeducation are given to 10 clients early psychosis and reported in the form of case reports.

The results obtained were a decrease in suicidal ideas from high to low categories, a decrease in signs of suicidal symptoms, increased ability to control suicidal impulses, fight negative thoughts and find meaning in life. CBT therapy, logotherapy and family psychoeducation are recommended to be one of the therapeutic packages that can be given to clients of early psychosis who are at risk of suicide."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang paling sering dialamilanjut usia di Indonesia. Mereka yang menderita diabetes tidak hanya memilikimasalah dalam hal fisik, namun juga bermasalah secara psikologis. Kondisi fisikyang lemah memiliki korelasi dengan tingkat harapan (hope) pada individu.Harapan yang rendah berdampak pada rendahnya kebahagiaan serta kesejahteraanhidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menguji efektivitas cognitivebehavioraltherapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan harapan pada lanjut usia yangmenderita diabetes melitus.Penelitian dilakukan di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti, Serpong, Tangerang.Desain penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest danwithin-subjects, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak tiga orang (berusia 65 sampai85 tahun). Dari hasil penelitian, dua dari tiga partisipan mengalami peningkatanuntuk skor harapan dan disertai dengan penurunan kadar gula dalam darah.Peningkatan harapan ini diwujudkan dengan kepatuhan (adherence) terhadapaturan medis yaitu pengontrolan konsumsi makanan yang mengandung glukosa.Disamping itu, peningkatan harapan juga diwujudkan dengan perasaan yangtenang dan bahagia, serta merasa diperhatikan dan dipedulikan. Kondisi tersebutjuga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap penurunan kadar gula dalam darah.Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT cenderung efektif dalammeningkatkan harapan pada lanjut usia yang menderita diabetes melitus.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disease suffered by theelderly in Indonesia. Those who suffered from diabetes are not only physicallyimpaired, but psychologically impaired as well. Weak physical condition has acorrelation with the level of individual hope. Low level of hope has an impact onthe low level of well being. The aim of this research was to measure theeffectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing hope for olderadults who suffered from diabetes melitus.The research was conducted in Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti, Serpong,Tangerang. Research design was made in the form of quasi experiment withpretest-posttest and within-subjects design, and with the three participants (aged65 to 85 years). From the research, two out of three participants increased theirlevel of hope and decreased their sugar levels in blood. This increasing level ofhope was manifested with the adherence of medical rules in controlling foodconsumption containing glucose. Besides that, the higher hope was alsomanifested with a calm and happy feeling, and also feel cared for. Such conditionscould give a contribution to the decreased sugar levels in blood. Thus, it could beconcluded that CBT tends to be effective in increasing the level of hope for olderadults who suffered from diabetes mellitus."

"Kecemasan merupakan kondisi yang dapat dialami banyak orang. Namun kecemasan yang berlebihan dapat mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari seseorang. Gangguan kecemasan pada anak yang tidak ditangani dengan efektif dapat membuat anak rentan terhadap masalah dalam fungsi kehidupannya dan mempengaruhi perkembangan emosinya. Tesis ini memiliki desain penelitian single case dan menerapkan bentuk intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada anak. Partisipan penelitian adalah anak perempuan berusia 9 tahun yang mengalami kecemasan pada sejumlah hal, antara lain cemas menyeberang jalan, pergi ke sekolah dan di rumah atau di kamar mandi sendirian. Sesi terapi dilakukan sebanyak dua belas kali selama lebih kurang 45 - 80 menit setiap sesinya. Pengukuran efektivitas terapi ini dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), FSSC-R (Fear Survey Schedulle for Children - Revised), dan CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist). Hasil dari terapi ini adalah CBT tidak efektif untuk menurunkan kecemasan partisipan. Hal ini terlihat dari masih adanya indikasi gangguan kecemasan yang diukur menggunakan SCARED dan FSSC-R.

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Anxiety is a common emotional condition in human life. Unfortunately, when the anxiety becomes too intense, it can impair people daily activities. Failure to intervene anxiety disorder in children with effective treatment may render the child vulnerable to impairments in a wide range of functioning and result in deleterious effect on his or her long-term emotional development. This thesis uses a single case research design and applies the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in order to reduce anxiety in middle age children. The research participant is a nine-year old girl having anxiety in several things, such as crossing the street, going to school and staying in home or toilet alone. Therapy is conducted through 12, 45-80 minute sessions. This therapy effectivity is assessed by SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), FSSC-R (Fear Survey Schedulle for Children - Revised), and CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist).The results of this therapy is an ineffective CBT to reduce the child's anxiety. The child has not experienced reduced scores in SCARED and FSSC-R. This indicated that she still has anxiety disorder."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk meningkatkan self esteem Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki laki usia 10 tahun yang memiliki self esteem rendah Self esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self Perception Profile for Children dari Susan Harter 2012 dan didukung dari hasil wawancara dengan orang tua Intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang rendah terdiri dari empat tahapan Tahap pertama yaitu pra intervensi dilakukan sebanyak dua sesi Tahap kedua yang berisipsikoedukasi kepada orang tua terkait dengan peran orang tua dalam mendukung intervensi CBT dilakukansebanyak dua sesi Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap intervensi terdiri dari 12 sesi Tahap keempat yaitu post intervensi diberikan sebanyak dua sesi Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan self esteem terutama pada domain kemampuan sosial kemampuan atletik penampilan fisik dan self esteem secara keseluruhan Peran orang tua yang mampu menerapkan teknik SUPPORT Show Understand Patient Prompt Observe Reward Talk diduga turut mendukung keberhasilan intervensi yang sudah dilakukan pada anak

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The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to increase self esteem The participant of this study is a 10 years old boy who has low self esteem Self esteem was measured by Self Perception Profile for Children from Susan Harter 2012 and supported by interviewing with parents Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT that wasdoneconsisted of four stages Stage one that was pre intervention consisted of two sessions Stage two that includedpsychoeducation to parents about their roles to support CBT to their child consisted of two sessions Stage three was the intervention to the child that consisted of 12 sessions Stage four that was post intervention consisted of two sessions The result of this study showed thatCBTcould increase self esteem especially insocial competence athletic competence physical appearance and global self esteem Parent rsquo s role to apply SUPPORT technique Show Understand Patient Observe Reward Talk was predicted supportingthe success of this intervention "