Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar Belakang. Rotavirus merupakan penyebab terbesar dari penyakit diare akut pada anak balita. Gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan yaitu diare, demam, muntah, nyeri perut, dan dehidrasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di dua kota tahun 2007, ditemukan 47% Rotavirus sebagai penyebab diare akut di RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, sedangkan di RS Dr Sardjito, Yogyakarta ditemukan 32%. Biaya pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mendeteksi adanya Rotavirus sangat mahal pada laboratorium tertentu saja. Belum diketahui kemampuan mendeteksi diare yang disebabkan Rotavirus berdasarkan beberapa gejala klinis dan karakteristik anak balita dengan diare akut. Objektif. Mengeksplorasi model prediksi untuk diagnosis diare yang disebabkan infeksi Rotavirus pada anak balita dengan diare akut dengan berdasarkan informasi gejala klinis dan karakteristik anak. Metode. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan subsampel data penelitian utama Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI yang berjudul "Identifikasi dan Uji Resistensi Mikroorganisme Penyebab Diare Pada Anak Balita di Indonesia tahun 2011". Data anak balita dengan diare yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Serang selama tahun 2012 dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Selain gejala klinis dan karakteristik anak, dikumpulkan juga sampel tinja untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan adanya Rotavirus dengan metode Real-Time PCR. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala demam, kondisi tinja cair dan karakteristik anak (meliputi umur balita dan tidak diberi ASI) dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi adanya infeksi Rotavirus pada anak balita dengan diare akut. Model prediksi untuk nilai duga positif terjadinya infeksi Rotavirus pada anak diare akut sebesar 71,43%, berdasarkan gejala klinis (meliputi demam dan kondisi tinja cair) dan karakteristik anak (umur balita dan tidak diberi ASI). Pada anak diare akut yang mengalami gejala demam, kondisi tinja cair, umur 1-12 bulan, dan tidak diberi ASI, dugaan penyebab diare akut adalah rotavirus dengan peluang sebesar 82,1%. Simpulan dan Saran. Karakteristik anak dan beberapa gejala klinis dapat digunakan untuk menduga penyebab diare akut yang disebabkan Rotavirus. Mendasari hasil penelitian disarankan agar anak diare yang diikuti dengan demam dan kondisi tinja cair, perlu mendapat penanganan segera dengan diawali rehidrasi dan dapat dijadikan masukan bagi kebijakan dalam tatalaksana diare akut yang disebabkan Rotavirus.

---

Background. Rotavirus is the common cause of acute diarrheal disease in children under five years old with the several clinical symptoms such as watery stool, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain and dehydration. Based on the previous studies, the prevalence rotavirus among underfive children between 32% and 47% at two hospital in the two cities in the year 2007. Laboratory cost for examining Rotavirus is very expensive. Until now, we don?t know how accurate to predict Rotavirus as a cause of acute diarrhea among underfive children based on the information of clinical symptoms and children?s characteristics.

Objectives. The aim of this study is to explore the prediction model for diagnosing Rotavirus diarrhea among underfive children by clinical symptoms and other characteristics.

Methods. Using data from the main study of ?Identification and resistance analysis of microorganism causing diarrhea among children under five years old in Indonesia? was analyzed?. The study collected data from the questionnaire and also specimens in Serang Hospital in 2012. The analyses were completed by laboratory data from the specimens by Real-Time PCR.

Results. The results of the study found that fever, watery stools and age under 12 months without having breastfeeding can be used as prediction model of Rotavirus infections among children with acute diarrhea. The prediction model of positive predictive value of Rotavirus infection of acute diarrhea is 71,43%. The positive predictive value is fulfilled from clinical symptoms including fever and watery stools and toddlers without having breastfeeding. Children presenting acute diarrhea with fever, watery stools, age under 12 months and no breast feeding had the prediction value 82,1%.

Conclusion and recommendation. Characteristics and clinical symptoms of children underfive might be used to predict diarrhea caused by Rotavirus. Rehydration of acute diarrhea of Rotavirus infection is important step in management of acute diarrhea among underfive children."

"Diare merupakan penyebab utama kematian balita usia di bawah 5 tahun di Indonesia. Mikroorganisrne penyebab utama sebagian besar penderita diare akut adalah rotavirus. Diare akut dapat menyebabkan kematian dikarenakan keparahan gejala klinis yang dialami penderita seperti dehidrasi, muntah dan demam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi gejala klinis terhadap penyebab diare akut rotavirus di Kota Mataram tahun 2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan disain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor gejala klinis yang paling dominan dalam memprediksi penyebab diare akut rotavirus adalah dehidrasi, muntah dan demam. Umur merupakan faktor resiko yang rnempengaruhi kejadian diare akut rotavirus. Uji diagnostik gejala klinis diare akut rotavirus terhadap gold standar PCR rotavirus menunjukan bahwa pada balita yang mengalami diare dengan penyebab rotavirus dan berumur 1-5 bulan 81 % dapat diprediksi melalui gejala klinis demam (sensitivitas 81%). Sedangkan untuk balita yang mengalami diare akut dengan penyebab rotavirus dan berumur 6 -11 bulan 83% (sensitivitas 83%) dapat diprediksi melalui gejala klinis muntah. Sedangkan kombinasi gejala klinis balita yang mengalami diare akut dengan penyebab rotavirus dan berumur 6 - 11 bulan 79 % (sensitivitas 79%) dapat dideteksi melalui kombinasi gejala klinis dehidrasi dan muntah. Kesimpulan: gejala klinis dehidrasi, muntah dan demam dapat memprediksi diare akut rotavirus.

---

Diarrhea is a major cause of death of children under 5 years in Indonesia. The main microorganisms that cause acute diarrhea is rotavirus. The death of patients with acute diarrhea is due to the severity of clinical symptoms such as dehydration, vomiting and fever. This aim of this studyis to predict the clinical symptoms related with acute diarrhea which rotavirus as a single causative agent. Population of this study were acute diarrheal patients from Mataram in 2009. The research method used was quantitative with a cross sectional study design.

The results showed that clinical factors which can be used to predict that rotavirus as a causative agent are dehydration, vomiting and fever. Age is a risk factor affecting the incidence of acute rotavirus diarrhea. Diagnostic test of clinical symptoms and the gold standard PCR showed that 81% cases of rotavirus diarrhea on infant aged 1-5 months can be predicted by clinical symptoms of fever. As for the toddler who suffered from acute diarrhea by rotavirus (age 6 -11 months), 83% cases can be predicted by clinical symptoms of vomiting. Moreover, the combination of clinical symptoms (dehydration and vomiting) could detect 79% infants (6-11 months) who had acute rotavirus diarrhea.

Conclusion: The clinical symptoms of dehydration, vomiting and fever can be used to predict acute rotavirus diarrhea."

"Penelitian ini membahas model prediksi berat lahir bayi berdasarkan status gizi dan faktor lainnya di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Kejadian rata-rata berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok sebesar 3172,96 gram.Untuk mengetahui model prediksi berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok dilakukan penelitian dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional, menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan atau melahirkan di Rumah Sakit tersebut. Hasil penelitian rata-rata usia ibu yang melahirkan 30,29 tahun dengan pendidikan ibu di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok tertinggi SMP sebesar 50,4%, SD 22,2%, SMA 25,9%, dan Perguruan Tinggi 1,5%. Rata-rata ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan atau melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah tidak bekerja sebesar 97,8% dengan paritas atau jumlah anak kurang dari sama dengan tiga orang sebanyak 68,9% dan rata-rata usia kehamilan ibu 38,59 minggu, rata-rata berat badan sebelum hamil sebesar 53,52 kg. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan 3 variabel yang signifikan yaitu usia ibu, usia kehamilan, dan berat badan sebelum hamil dan usia kehamilan yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok.

---

This study discusses birthweight prediction model based on nutritional status and other factors at the General Hospital in Depok. This research is a quantitative study. Average incidence of birth weight babies in the General Hospital of 3172.96 grams. To determine the predictive model birth weight infants in the General Hospital in Depok conducted research with cross sectional research design, using secondary data from medical records of mothers during their pregnancy or childbirth in the hospital.

The results of the study the average age of mothers giving birth to 30.29 years of education of mothers in the General Hospital of Depok City junior high at 50.4%, SD 22.2%, 25.9% high school, and university 1.5% . Average mothers during their pregnancy or childbirth in the General Hospital of 97.8% does not work with parity or the number of children less than three to 68.9% and an average age of 38.59 weeks gestational mother, average The average pre-pregnancy weight was 53.52 kg.

The results mentioned three significant variables, namely maternal age, gestational age, and prepregnancy weight and gestational age were greatest effect on birth weight infants in the General Hospital in Depok."

"Penelitian ini menilai peran genetik rotavirus terhadap keparahan diare pada populasi bayi dan balita di rumah sakit dan puskesmas, pada 2005?2008. Keanekaragaman genotipe rotavirus sangat tinggi; 7 variasi genotipe umum (didominasi G1P[8]) dan 52 genotipe tidak umum (didominasi G4G9P[8]). Rotavirus genotipe tidak umum terdistribusi merata di rumah sakit dan puskesmas. Terhadap genotipe umum, genotipe tidak umum mempunyai PR 1,2 pada keparahan diare. Karakter gen VP7 berperan penting/menentukan peran genotipe GP pada keparahan. Status nutrisi memodifikasi efek peran genotipe pada keparahan diare. Faktor umur dan faktor pemberian sendiri antibiotik secara independen berperan menentukan keparahan. Koinfeksi tidak signifikan merubah derajad keparahan diare infeksi yang diakibatkannya.

---

This study assessed the rotavirus genetic role on diarrhea severity in infants and young children population in hospitals and primary health centers, at 2005-2008. Genotype diversity of rotavirus is very high; 7 variations common genotype (dominated by G1P[8]) and 52 uncommon genotypes (predominantly G4G9P[8]). Rotavirus uncommon genotypes are distributed equally in both health centers. Against common genotypes, uncommon genotypes have a PR 1.2 in the severity of diarrhea. VP7 genes play an important character and define the role of GP genotype. Nutritional status modify the effects of genotype on the severity of diarrhea. Age and antibiotic are risk factors for severity of diarrhea, independently. Coinfection did not significantly alter the degree of severity of acute infectious diarrhea."

"Kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada balita di Wonosobo meningkat dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Kejadian tertinggi adalah 348 per 1.000 balita pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan fisik rumah terhadap ISPA, dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua balita di Kabupaten Wonosobo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2012. Sampel dipilih secara acak sederhana berdasarkan cluster mewakili perbedaan ketinggian di Wonosobo, selanjutnya pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan cara Propobability proportional to Size (N = 250). Studi ini menemukan prevalens kejadian ISPA sebesar 60,80%, lingkungan fisik rumah berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pengetahuan ibu. Proporsi kejadian ISPA 68,47% dari balita yang tinggal pada kondisi rumah kurang, sedangkan 27,66% balita tinggal dalam kondisi baik (PR= 2,47, 95% CI: 1,545-3.967). Diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan dan tindakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan terutama kondisi rumah untuk mencegah ISPA.

---

The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) on children under five in Wonosobo was increasing in the last 3 years. The highest was 348 per 1.000 children under five in 2010. The study aimed to determine the influence of house condition to ARI. This was an analytic cross sectional study. The population was all of under five In Wonosobo District, Central Java Province 2012. Sample was selected by cluster simple random sampling, the cluster was representing the altitude of Wonosobo, then the selection of subject study using propobabilty proportional to size (N=250).

This study found a prevalence of 60.80% of ARI, the house physical environment associated with the incidence of ARI home after the controlled of maternal knowledge variable. proportion of ARI incidence 68.47% of children who live on bad house conditions, while 27.66% children under five living in good conditions (PR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.545 to 3967). Need a health promotion and an action to increasing the health environments especially the house conditions to prevent ARI."

"Antibiotik sebagai salah satu pilihan terapi penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan akut banyak digunakan pada anak-anak. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat akan mengurangi angka kejadian resistensi dan efek samping obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan antibiotik pada balita dengan infeksi saluran pernafasan akut di Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan metode retrospektif berdasarkan rekam medis dengan desain potong lintang. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Sampel adalah anak-anak berusia 12-<60 bulan dengan infeksi saluran pernafasan akut dan diberikan terapi antibiotik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 66 pasien yang terdiri dari 53,03% laki-laki dan 46,97% perempuan. Terdapat 3 jenis infeksi saluran pernafasan akut yang diderita yaitu faringitis (95,45%), laringitis (1,51%), dan pneumonia (3,04%). Sebanyak 9 jenis antibiotik digunakan yaitu amoksisilin (2,5%), gentamisin (6,3%%), kloramfenikol (1,3%), sefadroksil (5,0%), sefiksim (5,0%), sefotaksim (30,0%), seftriakson (42,5%), sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim (antimikroba) (5,0%), dan tiamfenikol (2,5%). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada sampel dilihat dari segi indikasi (100%), pemilihan antibiotik (100%), regimen dosis (83,8%), dan lama penggunaan (50,0%). Data diuji dengan Metode Kai Kuadrat dan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara jenis antibiotik yang digunakan dengan ketepatan dosis, serta tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis antibiotik yang digunakan dengan ketepatan lama penggunaan.

---

Antibiotics, as a treatment option for acute respiratory tract infection were widely used in children. Appropriate use of antibiotics could reduce the incidence of resistance and adverse drug effects. The purpose of this research was to analyze the use of antibiotics in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Dr. Mintohardjo?s Naval Hospital Central Jakarta. This was an observational research with retrospective method based on medical records and cross sectional design. Descriptive analyze was performed. Samples were children aged 12-<60 months with acute respiratory tract infection and antibiotic therapy. Sampling?s technique used was total sampling. The numbers of samples were 66 children consist of 53.03% males and 46.97% females. The types of acute respiratory tract infections were pharyngitis (95.45%), laryngitis (1.51%), and pneumonia (3.04%). Total of 9 types of antibiotics used were amoxicillin (2.5%), gentamicin (6.3%), chloramphenicol (1.3%), cefadroxil (5.0%), cefixime (5.0%), cefotaxime (30.0%), ceftriaxone (42.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (antimicrobial) (5.0%), and tiamfenikol (2.5%). From this research, it can be concluded that appropriate used of antibiotics in the samples in terms of indication (100%), antibiotic treatment (100%), dose regimen (83.8%), and duration of use (50%). Data were tested by Chi Square Methods and the results show that there were a weak relationship between the types of antibiotic used with appropriate dosage, and there were no significant relationship between the types of antibiotic used to the appropriate duration of used."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi clinical pathway pada kasus diare akut dengan proses audit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunaan konsep operational research dengan metode telaah dokumen, telaah data dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian didapatkan topik audit adalah implementasi clinical pathway diare akut dengan tujuan menilai kelengkapan pengisian clinical pathway, kepatuhan DPJP, PPJP, Gizi dan Farmasi serta menilai kesesuaian lama hari rawat dengan clinical pathway. Standar penilaian yang digunakan adalah standar nasional yaitu KARS. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa kelengkapan pengisian clinical pathway 25 , tidak ditemukan variasi pada pemeriksaan laboratorium, asuhan nutrisi dan asuhan keperawatan, namun pada tata lakasana diare akut masih ditemukan variasi pada obat tambahan sebesar 41 , dan lama hari rawat sudah sesuai yaitu 3,3 hari. Beberapa hal yang perlu rumah sakit lakukan adalah mengembangkan kebijakan terkait clinical pathway, memperbaiki formulir clinical pathway dan sistem sosialisasi, membuat petunjuk teknis clinical pathway, sistem monitoring dan evaluasi, serta menurukan standar lama hari rawat dan diskusi terkait variasi terapi.

---

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the implementation of clinical pathway of acute diarrhea with the audit process. This type of research is quantitative and qualitative by using operational research concept with document review method, data analysis and in depth interview. The result of the research shows that the audit topic is the implementation of clinical pathway of acute diarrhea with the aim to assessing completeness of clinical pathway, compliance of primary responsible physician, primary responsible nurse, nutrition and pharmacy and assessing the length of stay with clinical pathway. Assessment standard used is the national standard that is KARS. The result of measurement showed that completeness of filling clinical pathway 25 , no variation on laboratory examination, nutrition and nursing care, but still found variation on additional drug 41 , and length of stay was 3.3 day. Some things that hospital need to do is developed policies related to clinical pathway, improve clinical pathway forms and socialization systems, make clinical pathway technical guidance, monitoring and evaluation systems, and reduce standards length of stay and discussion of variations in therapy."

"Tingkat kematian anak balita di Indonesia tetap menunjukkan angka yang tinggi, dari 400 anak balita yang meninggal setiap harinya, 30 lebih meninggal disebabkan penyakit diare. Thesis ini bertujuan untuk mencari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi insiden penyakit diare dan merumuskan kebijakan yang tepat untuk membasmi penyakit ini. Menggunakan data Indonesia Demographic Health Survey IDHS 2012, digambarkan kondisi di tingkat provinsi di Indonesia mengenai insiden penyakit diare untuk anak balita sementara regresi logit sederhana digunakan untuk memastikannya secara quantitatif. Thesis ini pun menyoroti upaya masyarakat yang mengalihkan konsumsi air minum yang bersumber dari PDAM menjadi air minum yang bersumber dari botol atau refill. Hasil studi akhir menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan publik yang diambil pemerintah harus lebih agresif dalam penyediaan air bersih, peningkatan sanitasi masyarakat serta mengintensifkan program penanggulangan.

---

The child mortality rate in Indonesia remains quite high. Of the 400 children who die every day, more than 30 die from diarrhea. This paper aims to seek the determining factors of diarrheal cases and formulate needed policies to eradicate it. Using the Indonesia Demographic Health Survey IDHS 2012, I describe the condition in Indonesia at the provincial level regarding the incidence of diarrhea for children under 5years old and exercise simple logistic regression to identify the determinants of diarrhea incidence. The highlight of this paper is that, to reduce the probabilities of the incidence of diarrhea, people have replaced their primary source for drinking from piped water to bottled and refill water. The result of the study calls for the government to be more aggressive in providing affordable clean water and improved sanitation while intensifying the existing programs against diarrhea."

"B. hominis dan G. lamblia adalah parasit usus yang sering menyebabkan diare pada anak-anak terutama pada anak-anak dibawah usia lima tahun. Namun patogenitas Blastocystis hominis menyebabkan diare masih menjadi kontroversi dikalangan para peneliti, B. hominis sering ditemukan bersama organisme lainnya yang lebih cenderung menjadi penyebab diare sehingga diare tersebut seringkali dihubungkan dengan organisme selain B. hominis. Salah satu organisme yang paling banyak ditemukan bersama dengan B. hominis adalah Giardia. lamblia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan infeksi campur B. hominis adalah G. lamblia dengan kejadian diare pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, menggunakan 206 sampel yang didapatkan dari data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan tinja pada populasi balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara pada tahun 2006 yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Dari 206 sampel 19.9% diantaranya mengalami infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia . Dan angka kejadian diare pada sampel mencapai 19.5%, dengan 26.7% pada infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dan 73.3% pada individu yang tidak terinfeksi parasit. Sampel kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dan kelompok yang tidak terinfeksi parasit usus. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai hubungan infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dengan kejadia diare. Dengan uji Chisqure didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dengan kejadian diare pada populasi balita dengan nilai p=0.315 (p>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dengan kejadian diare pada populasi balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara pada tahun 2006.

---

B. hominis and G. lamblia are intestinal parasites that commonly cause diarrhea in children, especially those less than 5 years old. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity of B. hominis to cause diarrhea is still debated by researchers, as B. hominis is usually found mixed with other organisms, which one of those is G. lamblia. This study aimed to identify the association between mixed infection of B. hominis and G. lamblia and the occurrence of diarrhea in under five year old children. A cross sectional study was carried out using 206 samples acquired from secondary data of stool examination among children in Jatinegara district in 2006. Among 206 samples obtained, 19.9% were infected with both B. hominis and G. lamblia. A total of 19.5% children had diarrhea. Among them, 26.7% were infected with both B. hominis and G. lamblia, and the rest (74.3%) were free of intestinal parasites infection. The infected group was then compared with the uninfected group to observe any significant relation between mixed infection of B. hominis and G. lamblia and the occurrence of diarrhea. Statistical analysis using chi square test revealed that were was no relationship between mixed infection of B. hominis and G. lamblia and the occurrence of diarrhea (p=0.315). In conclusion, mixed infection B. hominis and G. lamblia was not associated with diarrhea in under five year old children in this region."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dinegara berkembang karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang masih tinggi. Diaredapat disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri dan parasit yang penting diketahui untukmemberikan tatalaksana yang tepat, namun saat ini belum ada data mengenaibakteri penyebab diare di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran klinis anak dengan diare akut dan mengetahui jenis bakteri enteropatogen penyebab diare akut dengan menggunakan real-timePCR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada anak dengan diare akut berusia 1-15tahun di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 subyek dengan diare akut. Sebagian besar berusia 1-3 tahun, status gizi baik, berasal dari ibu dengan pendidikansedang dengan status ekonomi keluarga menengah rendah, sebagian besar belummendapat antibiotik sebelum ke rumah sakit tetapi sudah mendapat cairanrehidrasi oral. Gambaran klinis diare akut akibat infeksi bakteri yaitu frekuensidiare ≤5X/hari (p=0,018), tanpa leukositosis feses (p=0,015) dan malabsorpsilemak (p=0,031). Sebaran infeksi bakteri patogen penyebab diare akutberdasarkan real-time PCR sebagai berikut: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subyek,Escherichia coli patogen 17 subyek yang terdiri dari EPEC 9 subyek, EIEC 5subyek dan ETEC 3 subyek. Infeksi bakteri campuran pada subyek sebagaiberikut: EPEC+EIEC 2 subyek , C.jejuni+EPEC 1 subyek, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC1 subyek dan C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subyek. Simpulan: Sebagian besar diare terjadi pada usia 1-3 tahun dengan status pasiengizi baik dengan status keluarga menengah rendah. Sekitar 48% anak dengandiare akut didapatkan bakteri dari hasil real-time PCR feses dengan proporsiterbanyak yaitu EPEC, diikuti Campylobacter jejuni, EIEC dan ETEC.ABSTRACT Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC.;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC.;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC."