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"For the first time, details on the determination of taxable income under the proposed Council Directive are compared to prevailing corporate tax accounting regulations in all 27 Member States, Switzerland and the US. The study presents evidence on the scope of differences and similarities between national tax accounting regulations and the directive’s treatment in a complete, yet concise form. Based on this comprehensive comparison, it goes on to discuss remaining open questions and adjustments needed if the directive is to be implemented in national tax law. Readers seeking a basis for taking an active part in the public debate will find a valuable source of information and a first impression of how the proposed CC(C)TB would affect corporate tax burdens in the European Union."

"The European Commission envisages putting forward a proposal for a tax reform that would allow improving the efficiency and simplicity of the corporate income tax systems. This report assesses the impact of a Common corporate tax base (C.C.T.B.) on the size of the corporate tax bases of E.U. companies. The results of the report shall help to evaluate the economic consequences of the introduction of a harmonised set of tax accounting rules. The estimates are based on the European Tax Analyzer with data from the year 2006 and apply options specified by the Commission's Steering Group."

"Dengan adanya amandemen Undang – Undang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) pada tahun 2009 yang menyatakan bahwa atas ekspor jasa dikenakan PPN dengan tarif 0%. Jenis – jenis jasa yang atas ekspornya dikenakan PPN dengan tarif 0% diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 32/PMK.010/2019 yang merupakan perubahan ketiga dari Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor PMK 70/PMK.03/2010. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan tentang bagaimana penerapan kebijakan PPN atas ekspor jasa di Indonesia dan beberapa negara di ASEAN seperti Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam dan Filipina. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatitif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kebijakan ekspor jasa tertentu di Indonesia telah mencerminkan prinsip netralitas dan place of taxation rules. Selain itu dalam rangka mempermudah pengawasan, baik di Indonesia maupun di Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam dan Filipina sama – sama menerapkan adanya batasan jenis jasa yang atas ekspor jasa dikenakan PPN 0%. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan fasilitas tersebut terdapat beberapa persyaratan di antaranya harus adanya perjanjian/perikatan dan bukti pembayaran yang mampu menunjukan adanya transaksi ekspor jasa. Dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing ekspor jasa di Indonesia, peneliti menyarakan perlu adanya perluasan jenis jasa dan peraturan khusus yang mengatur tentang bagaimana pengawasan kebijakan ini sehingga dapat memberikan kepastian hukum.

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The impact of amandement Value Added Tax (VAT) Law on 2009 is services exports are subject to VAT at a rate of 0% (zero rate). The types of services which subject to VAT at a rate of 0% are regulated in Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 32/PMK.010/2019 which is the third change of the Minister of Finance Number PMK 70/PMK.03/2010. The study aims to analyze and compare the implementation of VAT policies on service exports in Indonesia and several countries in ASEAN such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines. This study used  a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The study finds that the service export policies in Indonesia has been reflected the neutrality principle and place of taxation rules. The VAT policies on service exports both in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines are implementing restrictions on types of services which service exports are subject to 0% VAT. There are several requirements to implemented the facility, the one is should be have an agreement / engagement and the payment receipt which is able to show the service export transaction. This study shown that to increase the competitiveness of service exports in Indonesia, the researcher suggests to expand the types of services and special regulation which is regulated  how to monitor this policy so it can give an legal certainty."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika politik yang terjadi saat kebijakan Devolusi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Indonesia diimplementasikan di DKI Jakarta. Kebijakan Devolusi PBB-P2 ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan finansial pemerintah daerah dan juga untuk meningkatkan proses demokrasi di tingkat daerah. Selain ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan pemerintah daerah, pelaksanaan Devolusi PBB-P2 juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan intensitas komunikasi politik antara rakyat dengan pemerintah daerahnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Devolusi PBB-P2 merupakan langkah tepat dalam kerangka desentralisasi fiskal untuk mendukung otonomi daerah, karena terbukti memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi APBD Pemerintah DKI Jakarta dari sektor penerimaan pajak. Melalui Peraturan Daerah Gubernur DKI Jakarta diberikan wewenang untuk melakukan penyesuaian NJOP setiap tahunnya melalui Peraturan Gubernur. Dalam perjalanannya, masyarakat DKI Jakarta mengeluhkan penyesuaian NJOP yang dilakukan oleh Gubernur karena berdampak pada tingginya jumlah kenaikan PBB-P2 yang harus dibayarkan masyarakat. Hal ini kemudian berdampak pada munculnya gejolak politik di masyarakat yang memunculkan isu penggusuran masyarakat kelas menengah ke bawah ke luar Jakarta sehingga Jakarta hanya akan dihuni oleh masyarakat kelas menengah ke atas yang mayoritas berasal dari etnis tertentu. Gejolak politik ini kemudian membuat Gubernur DKI Jakarta mengeluarkan Peraturan yang memberikan pembebasan pembayaran PBB-P2 bagi masyarakat dengan NJOP di bawah Rp 1 Miliar. Kebijakan ini dinilai sangat meringankan masyarakat kelas menengah ke bawah, namun di sisi lain kebijakan ini dianggap sebagai langkah Gubernur untuk mencari dukungan politik dalam menyambut Pilgub tahun 2017 mendatang. Pandangan ini didasari akan fakta bahwa Pergub hanya bersifat sementara dan dapat berubah setiap tahunnya. Implikasi teori menunjukkan bahwa belum adanya pemahaman akan pajak sebagai instrumen politik yang berdimensi sosio-politik dan sosio ekonomi seperti yang disebutkan oleh Edi Slamet Irianto.

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This study discusses the political dynamics that occur when the policy of Devolution of Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) in Indonesia is implemented in Jakarta. PBB-P2 Devolution policies aimed to improve the financial capability of local governments and also to improve the democratic process at the local. In addition aimed to increase the income of local government, the implementation of the devolution of land and property tax is also expected to increase the intensity of political communication between the people and local authorities. This thesis used qualitative method with descriptive approach.

The results of this thesis indicate that the devolution of land and building tax is a right chioce to support regional autonomy in the fiscal decentralization framework. It is shown that the devolution of land and property tax provide additional revenue for the budget of the local government from tax revenue. Trough Local Regulations, Jakarta Governor is authorized to make adjustments of Appraisal of Taxable Value annually through Governor Regulation. In practice, the people of Jakarta complained the adjusment Appraisal of Taxable Value that set by the governor because it resulted in higher taxes to be paid. This condition then led to political turmoil in the society. Some people said that Governor wants to evict lower middle class society to move outside Jakarta so Jakarta would only occupied by upper middle class society which is mostly dominated by a particular ethnic.

This political turmoil led the Governor to issue the regulation which gives Land and Building tax exemption for people who have Land and Building whose value below one million rupiah. This policy is considered to be very alleviate to lower-middle class, but on the other side of this policy is considered as a strategy from Governor to seeking political support in welcoming the governor's election in the year 2017. This view is based on the fact that Guvernor Regulation is only temporary and are subject to change annually. Implications of the theory suggests that there is still little understanding of the taxes as a political instrument, which has dimension of socio-political and socio-economic as mentioned by Edi Slamet Irianto."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang potensi penyalahgunaan tax treaty dengan memanfaatkan ketiadaan ketentuan beneficial owner pada capital gains atas pengalihan saham dan pertimbangan tax treaty Indonesia hanya menerapkan ketentuan beneficial owner pada bunga, dividen, dan royalti. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ketiadaan ketentuan beneficial owner pada capital gains atas pengalihan saham dapat menimbulkan treaty abuse melalui treaty shopping dan tax treaty Indonesia tidak menerapkan ketentuan beneficial owner pada capital gains karena beberapa alasan, yaitu: sulit diidentifikasi bagi negara berkembang, meningkatkan daya tarik investor, dan beneficial owner tidak secara spesifik tertulis ditujukan untuk menangkal treaty shopping.

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This research discusses potential occurance of treaty abuse by utilizing the absence of beneficial owner on capital gains from alienation of shares and consideration of why Indonesian tax treaty does not apply beneficial owner provision in the context of capital gains from alienation of shares. The approach used is qualitative descriptive method. As results, the absence of the beneficial owner provision on capital gains from alienation of shares may lead to treaty abuse through treaty shopping and Indonesian tax treaty does not applying the beneficial owner provision on capital gains for several reasons, i.e. beneficial owner of capital gains from alienation of shares is difficult to identify for developing countries, to increase the attractiveness of investors, and beneficial owner is not specifically intended to overcome treaty shopping."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan baru penetapan nilai sewa reklame terhadap realisasi penerimaan pajak reklame dan pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan perilaku wajib pajak reklame setelah kebijakan baru tersebut ditetapkan, serta bagaimana solusi dari penurunan dalam penerimaan pajak reklame di wilayah Suku Dinas Pelayanan Pajak Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif atas data dan hasil wawancara pada Suku Dinas Pelayanan Pajak Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh dari kebijakan perubahan nilai sewa reklame yang mengakibatkan realisasi pajak reklame menurun.Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, wajib pajak melakukan perencanaan pajak untuk meminimalisir jumlah pajak reklame dengan cara mengubah ukuran reklame atau bahkan melakukan pengelakan pajak. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah memberikan pengurangan dasar pengenaan pajak dan mengusulkan perubahan nilai sewa reklame yang memperhatikan kemampuan wajib pajak. Untuk perubahan kebijakan sebaiknya Pemerintah melakukan proses dengar pendapat dan sosialisasi kepada wajib pajak serta meningkatkan pengawasan penyelenggaraan reklame.

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This research is conducted to test the effectivity analysis of the new policy on the determination of the rental value billboard advertisement tax revenue realization and the effect on billboard taxpayer behavior changes after the new policy is determined, and how the solution of the decline in tax revenues in the region billboard Departement of Tax Service West Jakarta Municipality. This study is a qualitative research method descriptive analysis of the data and the results of interviews at the Departement of Tax Service West Jakarta Municipality.The results showed there are significant changes in the value of policies that resulted in the realization lease billboard advertising tax decrease. Based on the interview, the taxpayer makes tax planning to minimize the amount of advertising tax by changing the size of billboards or even commit tax evasion. Solutions that can be done is to provide a reduction in tax bases and proposed changes in rents billboards attention to the capacity of taxpayers. The government 39 s policy changes should make the process of hearings and socialization to taxpayers and increasing supervision of the implementation of the billboard."

"ABSTRAKKenaikan NJOP Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB) Perdesaan dan Perkotaan diJakarta pada tahun 2014 menimbulkan protes dari masyarakat Jakarta. KenaikanNJOP yang rasional tidak diikuti adanya kenaikan NJOPTKP. Penelitian inimembahas mengenai dasar pemikiran, implikasi, dan faktor-faktor yang dapatdipertimbangkan dalam penetapan NJOPTKP PBB Perdesaan dan Perkotaan diDKI Jakarta. Skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, jenis deskriptifdengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dasar pemikiran NJOPTKP dilakukandengan mengadopsi kebijakan sebelum dialihkan dari pemerintah pusat kepemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan tidak ditemukan metode penetapan yangjelas. Implikasi penetapan NJOPTKP PBB Perdesaan dan Perkotaan di DKIJakarta tidak berpengaruh banyak bagi wajib pajak (WP) namun sebagaikeberpihakan pemerintah terhadap WP yang kemampuan bayarnya rendah. Perlumempertimbangkan faktor filosofis dalam penetapan NJOPTKP PBB P2.

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ABSTRACTThe increase in NJOP Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax in Jakarta in 2014generated public protests. The increase in NJOP of a rational not followed theincrease in The Sale Value Of Non-Taxable Tax Objects. This research discussesconsideration, the implications, and the factors that can be considered in thedetermination Of The Sale Value Of Non-Taxable Tax Objects Rural and UrbanLand and Buliding Tax in Jakarta Province. This thesis used qualitative approach,descriptive type with literature review and field research as a data collectiontechniques. The result showed that the background determination The Sale ValueOf Non-Taxable Tax Objects is done by adopting previous policy beforetransferred by central government to the provincial government of Jakarta and notfound a clear determination method. Implications of the determination The SaleValue Of Non-Taxable Tax Objects Rural and Urban Land and Buliding Tax inJakarta do not affect much to tax payer but as a concern from the government topoor cash tax payer. Need to consider the philosophical factor in determinationThe Sale Value Of Non-Taxable Tax Objects Rural and Urban Land and BulidingTax"

"Music Industry in Indonesia is a newly developing industry. It is a new phenomenon in economic realm. Due to be a new economic phenomenon, it certainly has significant impact to taxation administration. We also can say that the phenomenon has emerged a taxation phenomenon, which has to be studied carefully in order to find taxation's good practice.Research and study, which is undertaken for this thesis deliberately, limited to existence of bands in music industry. The thesis takes directly a focus on phenomenon a band as business entity and legal entity.As indicate by the title of thesis above, this thesis eventually will point out which business and legal entity is most recommended to single out.A business entity, just like individually person, is a taxable entity. A band comprised of persons who is doing a certain activity altogether, namely plays music professionally. Hence a band can be assume as corporate taxable entity,Some options can be offered to members of band in view of finding the most efficient taxation on their taxable income through a band: First, even though the members of the band receipt their income through the bands, the members do not transform a band as a certain business entity, Second, transform their band into taxable entity. As taxable entity the band can be a legal business entity such as a limited corporation or non-legal business entity such as a firm.Base on prevailing study and researches for this thesis, some inferences have been made. First, The members of the band who do not transform their band as taxable entity will have to face a difficulty regarding to count amount of their actually net income caused by operational costs which have been used to generate, maintenance and collect their income are joint cost of all members. Those costs are not so easy to allocate to each members correctly. It is hard to prove that the assets belong to the members of the band have simply been used directly to make their money due to the assets have been bought in the name of each member. It is difficult to prove weather the purchases of the assets are for sake of their personal hobby or their business. And the members of the band will hard to state sort of income, subsequently their will face a difficulty of implementing taxation administration properly refers to a cash flow which is influenced by their contract that is made with third party. Second, in the case of the band became a legal-business-taxable-entity, the difficulties which have to face by members of non taxable entity band will not has to settle any longer as long as all transactions have been made in the name of the band and are booked properly in order to easy to be reported. Unfortunately by single out this option, members of the band will have to face an economic double taxation because our prevailing tax act has been treated a corporate as separated entity from its owner (classical system). Third, in the case of the band became a non legal-business-taxable entity, members of the band will be free from economic double taxation because our prevailing tax act, assume such a business entity as transparent entity, no more than a mediator for its owner to make a money. In case of members of the band receipt their income only from or through their band, the member will report their income in annual individual blue return as a non-taxable income.Base on result of the study and research, it is very recommended to members of band in order to minimize their tax on their income and to simplified in fulfilling tax obligation, to transform their band to be non legal-business-taxable entity or in a formal term: to single out a business entity for the band which its ownership is not distributed by stocks such a firm."

"Abstract. In their effort to amend the legislation of Value Added Tax (VAT), the government and the House of Representativeshave amended the latest Law Number 8 of 1983 with Law Number 42 of 2009 pertaining to the third amendments of VAT onGoods and Services and Luxury Sales Tax (LST). Substantial changes, occurred in the policy of Input VAT refund for TaxableEnterprise experiencing production failures, is the focus of this research. This study aims to describe the background of theissuance of the Input VAT restitution refund policy for Taxable Enterprise experiencing production failure, and create inventoryof the potential problems that may arise in relation to the issuance of the aforementioned policy. This study uses qualitativeapproach and library and field research as its data collection techniques. The result shows that there are incongruities amongthe Law, the general concept and the legal character of VAT. On the other hand, the regulation is amended to prevent anyabuse on the mechanism of VAT restitution. The problems that may potentially arise from this new regulation are the issuesrelated to the regulation consistency within the basic concept of VAT, and economic disincentives that can be experienced byTaxable Enterprises from certain industries. Therefore, at the macro level, this policy may hamper the growth of investment inIndonesia."