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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan proses penatausahaan dan pengendalian persediaan logistik bencana alam pada Direktorat Perlindungan Sosial Korban Bencana Alam PSKBA dengan pendekatan Soft Systems Methodology SSM . Penelitian mengidentifikasi beberapa permasalahan pada beberapa area seperti permasalahan dalam kegiatan penatausahaan, penyaluran, pelaporan, pengawasan dan evaluasi, serta permasalahan umum lainnya.Permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut berusaha dipecahkan oleh penelitian ini bersama para pihak terkait pada Direktorat Perlindungan Sosial Korban Bencana Alam PSKBA dengan menghasilkan beberapa kesepakatan dalam rangka optimalisasi proses penatausahaan dan pengendalian persediaan logistik bencana seperti: pembangunan kesepahaman persepsi mengenai pengelolaan logistik dengan daerah melalui nota kesepahaman; pelaksanaan peningkatan kompetensi pengelola logistik bencana dan efektivitas monev melalui pelatihan yang terstandarisasi dan pembentukan Tim Pembina pengelolaan logistik bencana; serta peningkatan prosedur dalam kegiatan kompilasi laporan logistik.

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This study aims to optimize the natural disaster logistic inventory administration and control in Directorate of Social Protection for Natural Disaster Victims PSKBA with Soft System Methodology SSM approach. This study identifies several issues concerning the administration and control of disaster logistics inventory in several area such as administration, distribution, reporting, monitoring evaluation, and other critical activities.

These problems are solved by this study with the related parties at the Directorate of Social Protection of Natural Disaster Victims PSKBA by producing several agreements in order to optimize the process of administration and control of disaster logistic inventory through the development of perceptions of understanding the disaster logistic management with the local authority through memorandum of understanding implementation of the increased competence of disaster officers and monitoring and evaluation effectiveness through standardized training and formation of disaster management logistics management teams and improvement of procedures in compilation of logistik reports."

"Indonesia sangat rawan terhadap risiko bencana alam tektonik dan vulkanik gempa bumi, tsunami dan letusan gunung berapi , karena: 1 terletak di antara tiga lempeng tektonik: Indo-Australia, Eurasia dan Pasifik, 2 berada di jalur cincin api 'Asia Pacific Ring of Fire' dengan 127 gunung berapi aktif terbanyak di dunia, dan 3 negara kepulauan terbesar dunia dengan 13.466 pulau. Sudah banyak terjadi bencana alam dari masa lalu hingga sekarang, dan masih akan terjadi lagi di masa depan, hanya waktunya yang tidak pasti. Korban meninggal dunia, cidera dan kerusakan, kehancuran rumah tinggal penduduk sudah jutaan dengan kerugian ekonomi yang sangat besar.Timbul permasalahan dalam aksi rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana alam untuk rumah tinggal yang telah rusak dan hancur, karena memerlukan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Korban bencana tidak mempunyai uang yang cukup, banyak yang kehilangan sumber penghasilan, sementara anggaran dana pemerintah sangat tidak mencukupi untuk memberikan bantuan dan ganti kerugian, jika terjadi suatu bencana alam katastrofe. Hal itu mengakibatkan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi rumah tinggal penduduk tidak bisa dilakukan dengan baik dan cepat, sehingga memperpanjang penderitaan korban bencana alam.Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, penelitian ini melakukan studi pada 7 negara paling rawan bencana alam yang telah menerapkan skema asuransi bencana alam untuk mengkaji dan mengganalisis: 1 skema asuransi bencana alam yang tepat diterapkan di Indonesia; 2 peranan reasuransi dan catastrophic bond dalam mendukung skema asuransi bencana alam di Indonesia; dan 3 pembaruan hukum yang diperlukan untuk mewujudkan skema asuransi bencana alam.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisis data secara juridis kualitatif. Penelitian ini menjawab: 1 skema asuransi bencana alam yang dapat dan tepat diterapkan di Indonesia adalah skema asuransi bencana alam yang bersifat wajib tolong-menolong untuk menjamin setiap rumah tinggal terhadap risiko bencana alam, 2 reasuransi dapat memberikan dukungan terhadap skema asuransi bencana alam di Indonesia dengan jaminan reasuransi dari pasar reasuransi tradisional dan catastrophic bond dapat memberikan jaminan reasuransi innovatif yang lebih besar melalui investor korporasi di pasar modal global; 3 diperlukan pembaruan hukum perasuransian dan hukum penanggulangan bencana untuk mewujudkan skema asuransi bencana di Indonesia.Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan Indonesia penting menyelenggarakan skema asuransi bencana alam rumah tinggal yang sifatnya wajib tolong-menolong untuk risiko gempa bumi, tsunami dan letusan gunung berapi, sehingga penduduk korban bencana alam akan mendapatkan ganti kerugian yang lebih besar dan lebih cepat untuk dapat membangun kembali rumah tinggal mereka yang rusak dan hancur sesuai princip 'build back better' dari deklarasi dan kerangka kerja Sendai 2015-2030.

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Indonesia is very prone to tectonic and vulcanic natural disaster earthquakes, tsunami and volcanic eruptions due to 1 it located between three tentonic plates Indo Australia, Eurasia and Pacific, 2 within the Asia Ring of Fire with 127 active volcanoes, the largest number of active volcanoes in the world, and 3 the largest archipelago country in the world with total number of islands 13,466. A large number of natural disasters calamities have occurred in the past and that will occur again in the future with unknown times and places. Those have caused million fatalities deaths, bodily injuries, damage, destruction to residential buildings houses with huge economic losses.

There is always a serious problem in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of damaged residential buildings houses which needs a lot of fund whilst the victims did not have sufficient fund and they were suffering from loosing sources of income caused by the natural disasters.The government rsquo s annual budget for natural disasters rsquo relief and compensation is very limited, not sufficient, when a catastrophic calamity natural disaster occur. That situation caused rehabilitation and reconstruction program for residential buildings houses cannot be performed well, properly and fast, it prolongs the suffering of the victims. Based on the above description, this research did a study in seven countries prone to natural disasters which have natural disaster insurance schemes for houses.

The objective of this study is to answer the research questions 1 what is the type of natural disaster insurance can and most suitably be implemented in Indonesia, 2 how reinsurace and catastrophic bond can support the natural disaster insurance scheme, and 3 is law amendment necessary for the implementation of natural disaster insurance scheme.

This study use legal normative method research with statute, conceptual and comparative approaches. This study answers 1 a mandatory compulsory natural disaster insurance scheme covering residential buildings houses for earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption risks is suitably implemented in Indonesia 2 reinsurance can provide reinsurance coverage from the traditional reinsurance market and catastrophic bond can provide larger innovative reinsurance coverage from corporate investors of the global capital market 3 amendment or change to the current insurance law and disaster mitigation law is necessary for the establishment and implementation of natural disaster insurance scheme in Indonesia.

The result of this study suggests it is necessary for Indonesia to establish and implement a natural disaster insurance scheme for residential buildings houses covering earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption risks. With that scheme, homeowners will get larger and faster compensation from the insurers for rebuilding their damaged houses with the principle of ldquo build back better rdquo in accordance with Sendai Declaration and Framework 2015 2030."

"ABSTRACTPerlindungan rahasia medis merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting dalam pelayanan medis yang diberikan oleh setiap tenaga medis kepada pasien yang membutuhkan. Rahasia medis menyangkut hak privasi pasien sebagai manusia yang tidak dapat dilanggar dan wajib untuk dipenuhi secara hukum. Dalam kondisi darurat sekalipun seperti dalam keadaan bencana, pelayanan medis harus tetap mengutamakan serta menjunjung tinggi standar profesi serta etika medis berupa perlindungan rahasia medis serta pemenuhan hak privasi pasien. Sebagai bentuk dari tanggung jawab hukum relawan pelayanan medis, tidak terkecuali terhadap relawan medis asing. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sumber teks undang-undang dan bahan-bahan bacaan lainnya sebagai sumber yang nanti akan dipaparkan menggunakan tipe deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang keadaan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Penulis menemukan bahwa kewajiban perlindungan terhadap rahasia medis pasien korban bencana alam di Indonesia juga dimiliki oleh tenaga kesehatan warga negara asing TKWNA atau relawan medis yang melakukan upaya penaganan serta penanggulangan bencana di Indonesia, walaupun pengaturan tersebut tidak dijelaskan secara eksplisit di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan terkait penanggulangan bencana, namun secara harfiah setiap tenaga medis memiliki kewajiban dalam menaati standar profesi serta etika medis yang diatur oleh organisasi profesi di negaranya masing-masing, etika medis tersebut bersifat universal karena menyangkut kehormatan sebuah profesi medis. Untuk dapat melindungi rahasia medis sebagai hak privasi pasien korban bencana alam Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana berkoordinasi dengan Kementrian Kesehatan dianjurkan untuk membuat peraturan khusus terkait perlindungan hak-hak medis pasien korban bencana alam termasuk perlindungan rahasia medis.

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ABSTRACTProtection of medical confidentiality is one of the most important aspects of medical services provided by every medical doctor to patients in need. Medical confidentiality revolves around the patients privacy rights as a human being that cannot be violated and is obliged to be fulfilled legally. Even in an emergency conditions such as disaster, medical services must continue to prioritize and uphold professional standards and medical ethics in the form of medical confidential protection and fulfillment of patients privacy rights. As a form of the legal responsibility of medical service volunteers, it is no exception to foreign medical volunteers. The method used in this research is a normative juridical method by using the source of the text of the law and other reading materials as a source which will later be presented using descriptive types to obtain an overview of the conditions of the applicable law in Indonesia. This research tries to analyze the laws and regulations in Indonesia. The author finds that the obligation to protect medical secrets of victims of natural disasters in Indonesia is also owned by health workers of foreign TKWNA or medical volunteers who carry out efforts to manage and manage disasters in Indonesia, even though these arrangements are not explicitly explained in the relevant laws and regulations disaster management, but on a daily basis every medical person has an obligation to comply with professional standards and medical ethics regulated by professional organizations in their respective countries, medical ethics are universal because they involve the honor of a medical profession. To be able to protect medical secrets as the privacy rights of natural disaster victim patients,  the National Disaster Management Agency coordinates with the Ministry of Health, it is recommended to make special regulations related to the protection of medical rights of victims of natural disasters including the protection of medical confidentiality."

"This study was conducted in PT. Coca-Coca Distribution Indonesia (PT.CCDI) that evaluated the change from direct selling, in 2007, to become Distribution Center Matahari Balaraja, in 2008. It uses SCOR 9.0 process mapping and performance metrics to analyze whether this change is better for PT. CCDI. The advantages are reducing outbound transportation cost about 204 million after subtracting with distribution fee for Matahari DC, centralized discount management. The disadvantages are decreasing in Service Level and Perfect Order Fulfillment, and increasing cash-to-cash cycle time. Due to some advantages, this study also recommends evaluation with other parameter such as upside supply chain flexibility and upside supply chain adaptability."

"Hak Asasi Manusia merupakan hak dasar yang dimiliki dan melekat dalam diri setiap individu manusia dalam suatu Negara. Dalam UU Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, disebutkan bahwa Hak Asasi Manusia adalah seperangkat hak yang melekat pada hakikat dan keberadaan manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan merupakan anugerah-Nya yang wajib dihormati, dijunjung tinggi dan dilindungi oleh Negara, Hukum, Pemerintah, dan setiap orang demi kehormatan serta perlindungan harkat dan martabat manusia.

Anak merupakan harapan dan apabila sampai saatnya, seorang anak akan menggantikan generasi tua dalam melanjutkan roda kehidupan negara, dengan demikian, anak perlu dibina agar mereka tidak salah dalam hidupnya kelak.  Setiap anak berhak untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum dari segala bentuk kekerasan fisik atau mental, penelantaran, perlakuan buruk, dan pelecehan seksual selama dalam pengasuhan orang tua atau walinya, atau pihak lain manapun yang bertanggung jawab atas pengasuhan anak tersebut.  Namun kenyataannya tidaklah demikian, anak sebagai korban perlakukan kekerasan sering terabaikan oleh lembaga-lembaga kompeten dalam sistem peradilan pidana, yang seharusnya memberikan perhatian dan perlindungan yang cukup berdasarkan hukum. Hal tersebut tidak seharusnya terjadi, sebab sebagaimanapun korban tetap mempunyai hak untuk diperlakukan adil, dan dilindungi hak-haknya.

Untuk mewujudkan perlindungan dan kesejahteraan anak tersebut, maka Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada tanggal 20 November 1958 secara aklamasi mensahkan "Declaration of the Right of the Child". Preamble Declaration of the Right of the Child (Mukadimah Deklarasi Hak Anak-Anak) dalam alinea ke 3. Konvensi Hak-Hak Anak Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) tersebut adalah sebuah konvensi internasional yang mengatur hak-hak sipil, politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan kultural anak-anak. Di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia tujuan perlindungan anak telah diatur dalam Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.

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Human rights are the fundamental rights that are possessed and inherent in each human individual in a Contracting State. In LAW No. 39 year 1999 on Human rights, mentioned that human rights is a set of rights inherent to the nature and existence of man as a God almighty being and is his grace which must be respected, held and protected by the state, law, government, and everyone for the dignity and protection of human dignity.

The child is a hope and when it comes to the time, a child will replace the old generation in furthering the wheels of the country's life, thus, the child needs to be built so that they are not wrong in their lifetime. Each child has the right to obtain legal protection from any form of physical or mental violence, abandonment, bad treatment, and sexual harassment during the care of their parents or guardian, or any other party responsible for Care of the child.  But the truth is not the case, the child as a victim of violent abuse is often overlooked by competent institutions in the criminal justice system, which should provide adequate attention and protection based on the law. It is not supposed to happen, because the victim still has the right to be treated fairly, and protected by his rights.

To realize the protection and welfare of the child, the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 November 1958 is acclamation to confirm the Declaration of the Right of the Child. Preamble Declaration of the Right of the Child, in paragraph 3. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, is an international convention governing the Civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of children and the children. In the Indonesian legislation of the child protection purpose is governed by article 3 of the Law No. 23 of 2002 on child protection."

"In order to characterize the distribution patten of rotifers Brachionus spp.in North Sulawesi,sample collections have been conducted at four locations,two at east coast and other two at West coast of North Sulawesi peninsula,which are connected to Maluku and Sulawesi Seas,respectively...."