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"Peat land has specific character, depends on depth of peat and peat decomposition rate. Earthworms has a role in decomposition, carbon cycle of nutrient. The aim of the research was to identify the population and diversity of earthworms on peat soil in central Kalimantan and to get species of dominant earthworm in peat land. The research was carried out in several peat land use in basarang and kalampangan, Central Kalimantan within dry and rainy season. The collection of earthworms was by using hand sorting method. The result showed that population of earthworms on mulch was higher than the deep peat. Land use influenced population and diversity of earthworm. The population and diversity of earthworms were highest on pineapple (shallow peat soil). The dominant species earthworm in peat land was pontoscolex corethurus. "

"ABSTRAKPeat forest are unique and sensitive ecosystems, have complex hydrological systems and bear important economic service function. In Southeast Asian countries, peatland degradation has been increasingly severe in the last decade due to the exploitation of natural resources, which concerns the structure and function of the system. Ecological rehabilitation, includign hydrological restoration, is believed to be useful for restoring the function of forest/peat swamp systems. Protection of critical areas in the form of National Park is also applied to reduce disturbance and further degradation of the area. A literature review is conducted to analyze the extent to which ecological restoration can achieve system resilience, especially socio-ecological resilience as a 'complex-adaptive system' using resilience concepts. The linkage between the ecological function of peat forest restoration by restoring hydrological systems, the diversity of flora and fauna, and enhancing social resilience with social networking and community livelihood is and important key in achieving resilience. Area Protection (in the form of National Park) needs to pay attention to interconnection systems in the "panarchy" model, not for system isolation, but directed to strengthening effective adaptation governance. The study of the selected Sebangau peatland forest in Central Kalimantan, which implemented hydrological restoration and post-Mega Rice Project (MRP) National Park to restore 85% of the damaged land. Sebangau peatland ' socio-ecological resilience' is assessed to increase after the restoration and determination of the national park, although peatland clearance still continues. Strengthening governance of national park and controlling on the main variables on the main variables of peat and 'sustainable livelihood' is essential to improve resilience."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut dapat menghasilkan polutan yang mengandung senyawa karsinogen PAH pada partikulat (PM10) yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kerusakan oksidatif DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dini risiko kanker dengan melakukan pengukuran terhadap biomarker 8-OHdG pada sampel serum masyarakat kota Palangka Raya yang merupakan indikator kerusakan oksidatif DNA dan biomarker 1-OHP pada sampel urin untuk mengetahui paparan senyawa karsinogen PAH selama periode kabut asap tahun 2015. Hasil yang diperoleh akan dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang berasal dari masyarakat kota Batu. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk analisis sebanyak 29 orang responden dari kota Palangka Raya sebagai kelompok terpapar dan 23 orang responden sebagai kelompok kontrol. Angket digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi terkait riwayat penyakit, merokok, pekerjaan, pola hidup dan aktivitas saat periode kabut asap.Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar 8-OHdG kelompok terpapar dan kontrol (Pvalue = 0,0001), dengan nilai rerata kelompok terpapar sebesar 5,606 ± 1,162 ng/mL dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 4,059 ± 0,709 ng/mL. Peningkatan kadar 8- OHdG pada kelompok terpapar terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada lama paparan (P-value = 0,03). Perbedaan yang signifikan juga teramati pada biomarker 1-OHP antara kelompok terpapar dan kontrol (P-value = 0,0001), dengan nilai rerata kelompok terpapar sebesar 4,569 ± 4,267 μmol/mol kreatinin dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,733 ± 0,746 μmol/mol kreatinin. Peningkatan kadar 1-OHP pada kelompok terpapar terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada lama paparan (P-value = 0,001) dan penggunaan masker (P-value = 0,03). Penelitian ini memberikan bukti ada hubungan antara kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut dengan peningkatan kerusakan oksidatif DNA yang berkontribusi terhadap risiko kanker.

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ABSTRACT

Forest and peatland fires can produce pollutants that contain carcinogenic PAH compounds in particulate matter (PM10), which contribute to increased oxidative DNA damage. This study aims to detect early cancer risk by measuring the biomarker 8-OHdG in serum samples urban of Palangkaraya which is an indicator of oxidative damage to DNA and biomarkers of 1-OHP in urine samples to determine exposure to carcinogenic compounds of PAH during periods of smoke haze in 2015. The results obtained were compared with the control group. The samples used for the analysis were 29 participants from Palangkaraya as the exposed group and 23 participants from Kota Batu as the control group. The questionnaire used to collect information related to medical history, smoking, occupation, lifestyle and activity during the smoke haze period.

The results obtained are significant differences of 8-OHdG levels in exposed group than control group (P-value = 0.0001), with the mean of the exposed group of 5,606 ± 1,162 ng/mL and a control group 4.059 ± 0.709 ng/mL. Increased levels of 8- OHdG in the exposed group there is significantly associated with long exposure (P-value = 0.03). Significant differences were also observed at 1-OHP biomarkers between exposed group than control (P-value = 0.0001), with the mean of the exposed group of 4,569 ± 4,267 μmol/mol kreatinin and a control group 0,733 ± 0,746 μmol/mol kreatinin. Increased levels of 1-OHP in the exposed group there is significantly associated with long exposure of smoke (P-value = 0.001) and the use of masks (P-value = 0.03). This study provides evidence of the correlation between forest and peatland fires with increased oxidative DNA damage that contribute to cancer risk."

"Di Kalimantan Tengah, pembangunan jaringan saluran secara besar-besaran dan sangat kompleks menyebabkan kerusakan dan degradasi yang intensif terhadap kondisi gambut dan rawa gambut yang ditandai dengan perubahan tutupan lahan, penurunan muka air tanah, kebakaran, beberapa bencana kekeringan, penurunan tanah, dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu langkah untuk mengatasi kondisi tersebut adalah dengan mengatur kondisi hidrologi di area tersebut. Dujlow digunakan untuk mensimulasi tinggi muka air di saluran dan Modjlow digunakan untuk mencari distribusi dan karakteristik dari muka air tanah di lapangan. Berdasarkan simulasi dari 2 model tersebut, kondisi eksisting (musim kerinq], area studi mengalami kekeringan karena muka air tanah turun lebih dari 1 m dibawah permukaan tanah. Hasil yang diperoleh, usaha untuk merehabilitasi rawa gambut dengan mengatur muka air tanah mendekati elevasi permukaan tanah melalui 2 skenario (canal blocking and pemasangan bendung bertingkat) di musim kering tidak sepenuhnya menyelesaikan semua masalah di area itu. Meskipun hasilnya akan berbeda, jika itu disimulasikan di musim basah ketika pengaruh air hujan dimasukkan ke dalam perhitunqan, beberapa langkah lain seharusnya di diterapkan seperti pendekatan manajemen air lainnya dan program silvikultur. Dalam pendekatan silvikultur, beberapa teknik dan prosedur seharusnya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas tutupan lahan guna mendukung fungsi hidrologi secara alamiah. Penanaman kembali secara intensif semestinya dilakukan di lapangan melalui sistem jalur. jadi, dengan 2 pendekatan yang terintegrasi tersebut; tingkat kesuksesan dalam rehabilitasi rawa gambut akan dapat dioptimalkan."

"Penyakit malaria disebabkan oleh Plasmodium dan ditularkan melalui nyamuk Anopheles serta menyerang semua orang. Berdasarkan data surveilans penyakit malaria di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur tahun 1997 sampai dengan 2000 menunjukkan bahwa kejadian malaria di kabupaten ini tidak mengalami perubahan yang berarti. Kecamatan Cempaga terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur merupakan daerah endernis malaria. Sebagian masyarakat Cempaga melakukan aktivitas di hutan sebagai sumber penghasilan keluarga, serta menginap di hutan. Petani yang menginap di hutan ini diduga berisiko menderita malaria.Penelitian kasus kontrol ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan petani yang menginap di hutan dengan kejadian malaria di Kecamatan Cempaga Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, Kalimantan Tengah tahun 2002.Dan hasil studi ini diketahui faktor petani yang menginap di hutan berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria, setelah dikontrol variabel lain OR 12,08 (95% CI 5.648 - 25.857). Sedangkan variabel kovariat yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria adalah kebiasaan memasang kelambu waktu tidur malam OR 2.507 (95% CI 1.239 - 5.073), jarak rumah dari hutan OR 2.507 (95% CI 1.239 - 5.073) dan kebiasaan berpakaian keluar rumah malam hari OR 2.285 (95% CI 1,089 - 4.794).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar puskesmas di Kecamalan Cempaga dan puskesmas lain di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur yang memiliki persamaan keadaan lingkungan dengan Kecamatan Cempaga melakukan penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat tentang pemberantasan malaria. Penyuluhan ini diprioritaskan kepada petani yang menginap di hutan. Dalam penyuluhan tersebut disarankan agar tidak rnenginap di hutan, jika harus menginap agar memasang kelambu waktu tidur malam.Daftar pustaka : 3l (1950 -2002)

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The Association between Settling in the Forest and the Occurrence of Malaria in Sub-district Cempaga, District Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan in 2002Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and transmitted through Anopheles mosquito. The disease may attack every body. Based on surveillance data on malaria in district Kotawaringin Timur, in 1997 -2000, the disease incidence was not changed considerably. Sub-district Cempaga lies in the district of Kotawaringin Timur which is an endemic area for malaria. Some residents in the sub-district need to stay several nights in the forest to do their works as farmers. The farmers settling in the forest were suspected to beat higher risk of suffering from malaria.The objective of this case control study was to know the association between settling in the forest and the occurrence of malaria in sub-district Cempaga, district Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan in the year of 2002.The findings showed that settling in the forest, after being adjusted by other variables, was significantly associated with the occurrence of malaria (OR= 12.08; 95% CI: 5,648 - 25,857). Other variables associated with the occurrence of malaria were habit of using bed-nets (OR=2,507; 95% CI: 1 .239 - 5.073), distance from home (OR=2.507; 95% Cl: 1.239 - 5.073) and habit of using clothes when staying outside (OR= 2.285; 95% Cl: 1.089 - 4.794).Based on the results, we recommended the community health center (CHS) in sub-district Cempaga dan other CHS's in district Kotawaringin Timur having the similar environment to conduct public health education and promotion about malaria control. The education and promotion intervention should be a priority for farmers settling in the forest. They are suggested to avoid staying in the forest. Should they settle in the forest, using bed-nets for sleeping is highly recommended.Reference: 31 (1950 - 2002)"