Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"[ABSTRAKKerentanan lansia terhadap masalah kesehatan seperti diabetes mellitus meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini mengintegrasikan teori manajemen pelayanan keperawatan dan tiga model keperawatan yaitu Community as Partner, Family Centred Nursing dan Functional Consequencies. Asuhan keperawatan diberikan pada 32 lansia diabetisi di kelurahan Sukamaju Baru selama 9 bulan. Intervensi inovasi yang dikembangkan adalah booklet DM yang didasari pada program CERDIIK Kemenkes RI, Diabetes Self Management Education (DMSE) dan empat pilar penatalaksanaan DM. Hasil intervensi yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya perubahan perilaku lansia diabetisi, kelompok pendukung dan sebaya dalam melakukan penatalaksanaan DM. Penurunan rata-rata kadar gula darah lansia kelompok sebaya sebesar 101,5 poin. Penggunaan booklet DM efektif dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah lansia diabetisi dengan wadah kelompok sebaya dan dukungan kader kelompok pendukung. program ini diharapkan dapat diteruskan dengan peningkatan keterlibatan keluarga, kader dan tenaga kesehatan.

---

ABSTRACTThe vulnerability of the elderly to health problems such as diabetes mellitus increases with age. This final internship report integrated nursing service management theory with three nursing models, which are Community as Partner, Family Centred Nursing dan Functional Consequencies. A nursing care was provided to 32 elderly with diabetic at district Sukamaju Baru for 9 months. An innovative intervention was developed that was DM booklet based on CERDIIK program from Ministry of Health Indonesia, Diabetes Self Management Education (DMSE) and the four pillars of DM management of care. Result of intervention showed changes of healthy behavior from elderly with DM, support group dan peer group in providing DM care management. There was a reduce of elderly blood glucose level in average about 101,5 poin. The DM booklet usage was effective in controlling blood glucose level of elderly with DM who actively involved in peer group and support group of community workers. This program was expected to be sustained and get more family involvement, as well as involvement from community workers and health workers. , The vulnerability of the elderly to health problems such as diabetes mellitus increases with age. This final internship report integrated nursing service management theory with three nursing models, which are Community as Partner, Family Centred Nursing dan Functional Consequencies. A nursing care was provided to 32 elderly with diabetic at district Sukamaju Baru for 9 months. An innovative intervention was developed that was DM booklet based on CERDIIK program from Ministry of Health Indonesia, Diabetes Self Management Education (DMSE) and the four pillars of DM management of care. Result of intervention showed changes of healthy behavior from elderly with DM, support group dan peer group in providing DM care management. There was a reduce of elderly blood glucose level in average about 101,5 poin. The DM booklet usage was effective in controlling blood glucose level of elderly with DM who actively involved in peer group and support group of community workers. This program was expected to be sustained and get more family involvement, as well as involvement from community workers and health workers. ]"

"Penatalaksanaan DM memiliki hubungan erat dengan kadar gula darah diabetisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penatalaksanaan DM dengan kadar gula darah lansia diabetisi. Disain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan crossectional study. Penelitian dilakukan pada 49 orang lansia di kelurahan Cisalak Pasar. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara diit dengan kadar gula darah (p value: 0,035), tidak ada hubungan antara latihan fisik dengan kadar gula darah (p value: 0,246), ada hubungan antara minum obat dengan kadar gula darah (p value: 0,011) dan ada hubungan antara pengendalian stres dengan kadar gula darah (p value: 0,007). Analisis multivariat menyimpulkan bahwa elemen penatalaksanaan DM yang dominan adalah minum obat (OR 10,7).

---

Diabetes Mellitus management has close correlation with blood sugar level of Diabetes patient. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between Diabetes Mellitus Management with Blood Sugar Level on Elderly with DM. This is descriptive cross-sectional study, where recruiting 49 elderly people from Cisalak Pasar area. The result shows that there is significant correlation between diet (p value: 0,035), take medication (p value: 0,011), stress management (p value: 0,007) with blood sugar level but no significant correlation between physical exercise (p value: 0,246) with blood sugar level. Multivariate analysis result shows that taking medication is the most predominant element in diabetes management (OR 10,7)."

"ABSTRAK Lansia merupakan kelompok rentan yang memiliki penyakit kronik karena menurunnya kemampuan fisik, psikologis dan sosialnya. Prevalensi lansia DM diJawa Barat mengalami peningkatan dari 1,3% menjadi 2% di tahun 2013. Lansiamemerlukan dukungan dari masyarakat sekitarnya, terutama kader dalammemberikan pelayanan kesehatan terkait DM. Salah satu jenis pelayanankesehatan yang diberikan kepada kelompok lansia di posbindu PTM diantaranyapemeriksaan adanya gula dalam urine sebagai deteksi awal adanya penyakitdiabetes mellitus, pemeriksaan aktivitas sehari ? hari, pemeriksaan status gizi, dankegiatan olah raga. Dukungan dari keluarga, teman, dan kader kesehatan sangatpenting untuk membuat perubahan gaya hidup dalam hal diet dan pola aktivitas.Praktik residensi bertujuan memberi gambaran pemantauan diet dan aktivitassebagai bentuk pemberdayaan kader dalam mempertahankan kadar gula darahpada lansia DM. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan didapatkan : terjadi peningkatanpengetahuan kader dari rata-rata 3,29 menjadi 9,84; peningkatan sikap kader darirata-rata 33,29 menjadi 36,50; peningkatan keterampilan kader dari rata-rata 29,29menjadi 32,50, dan penurunan kadar gula setelah dilakukan pemantauan diet danaktivitas sebesar 63%. Pendidikan kesehatan dapat dilakukan secara individualmaupun berkelompok oleh petugas kesehatan atau kader yang telah mendapatpelatihan. Pemberdayaan kader dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap danketerampilan kader. Puskesmas perlu memberikan bimbingan dan pembinaan bagikader kesehatan untuk meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan lansia DM. ABSTRACT Elderly who is vulnerable groups have the disease chronicle because declines in physicalperformance, social and psychological. The prevalence of seniors dm in west java has increasedfrom 1.3 % to 2 percent in 2013. Elderly requiring support from the community surrounding,especially kaders in providing health services associated dm on elderly. One of the healthservices provided for the elderly in posbindu PTM examination of the sugar in urine as thedetection of the beginning of disease diabetes mellitus, the daily activities investigation day, anutrition status, and activities sports. Support of the family, friends, and healthcare veryimportant to make lifestyle change in the diet and the activity. The research aims to give a senseof monitoring of diet and activity as a form of cadres in empowerment maintain blood sugarconcentration on elderly dm. The evaluation of these activities : increased cadre of knowledgethan average 3,29 become 9,84. Increased cadre of attitude than average 33,29 become 36,50.Cadres increasing skill than average 29,29 become 32,50. The decline in a sugar after monitoringdiet and activity of 63 %. Health education can be carried out individual and groups for healthworkers or cadres have received the training. Empowerment cadres can increase of knowledge ,attitudes and skill cadres. Puskesmas needs to give guidance and flanking for health cadres toincrease the care of nursing elderly dm. ;Elderly who is vulnerable groups have the disease chronicle because declines in physicalperformance, social and psychological. The prevalence of seniors dm in west java has increasedfrom 1.3 % to 2 percent in 2013. Elderly requiring support from the community surrounding,especially kaders in providing health services associated dm on elderly. One of the healthservices provided for the elderly in posbindu PTM examination of the sugar in urine as thedetection of the beginning of disease diabetes mellitus, the daily activities investigation day, anutrition status, and activities sports. Support of the family, friends, and healthcare veryimportant to make lifestyle change in the diet and the activity. The research aims to give a senseof monitoring of diet and activity as a form of cadres in empowerment maintain blood sugarconcentration on elderly dm. The evaluation of these activities : increased cadre of knowledgethan average 3,29 become 9,84. Increased cadre of attitude than average 33,29 become 36,50.Cadres increasing skill than average 29,29 become 32,50. The decline in a sugar after monitoringdiet and activity of 63 %. Health education can be carried out individual and groups for healthworkers or cadres have received the training. Empowerment cadres can increase of knowledge ,attitudes and skill cadres. Puskesmas needs to give guidance and flanking for health cadres toincrease the care of nursing elderly dm. ;Elderly who is vulnerable groups have the disease chronicle because declines in physicalperformance, social and psychological. The prevalence of seniors dm in west java has increasedfrom 1.3 % to 2 percent in 2013. Elderly requiring support from the community surrounding,especially kaders in providing health services associated dm on elderly. One of the healthservices provided for the elderly in posbindu PTM examination of the sugar in urine as thedetection of the beginning of disease diabetes mellitus, the daily activities investigation day, anutrition status, and activities sports. Support of the family, friends, and healthcare veryimportant to make lifestyle change in the diet and the activity. The research aims to give a senseof monitoring of diet and activity as a form of cadres in empowerment maintain blood sugarconcentration on elderly dm. The evaluation of these activities : increased cadre of knowledgethan average 3,29 become 9,84. Increased cadre of attitude than average 33,29 become 36,50.Cadres increasing skill than average 29,29 become 32,50. The decline in a sugar after monitoringdiet and activity of 63 %. Health education can be carried out individual and groups for healthworkers or cadres have received the training. Empowerment cadres can increase of knowledge ,attitudes and skill cadres. Puskesmas needs to give guidance and flanking for health cadres toincrease the care of nursing elderly dm. ;Elderly who is vulnerable groups have the disease chronicle because declines in physicalperformance, social and psychological. The prevalence of seniors dm in west java has increasedfrom 1.3 % to 2 percent in 2013. Elderly requiring support from the community surrounding,especially kaders in providing health services associated dm on elderly. One of the healthservices provided for the elderly in posbindu PTM examination of the sugar in urine as thedetection of the beginning of disease diabetes mellitus, the daily activities investigation day, anutrition status, and activities sports. Support of the family, friends, and healthcare veryimportant to make lifestyle change in the diet and the activity. The research aims to give a senseof monitoring of diet and activity as a form of cadres in empowerment maintain blood sugarconcentration on elderly dm. The evaluation of these activities : increased cadre of knowledgethan average 3,29 become 9,84. Increased cadre of attitude than average 33,29 become 36,50.Cadres increasing skill than average 29,29 become 32,50. The decline in a sugar after monitoringdiet and activity of 63 %. Health education can be carried out individual and groups for healthworkers or cadres have received the training. Empowerment cadres can increase of knowledge ,attitudes and skill cadres. Puskesmas needs to give guidance and flanking for health cadres toincrease the care of nursing elderly dm. ;Elderly who is vulnerable groups have the disease chronicle because declines in physicalperformance, social and psychological. The prevalence of seniors dm in west java has increasedfrom 1.3 % to 2 percent in 2013. Elderly requiring support from the community surrounding,especially kaders in providing health services associated dm on elderly. One of the healthservices provided for the elderly in posbindu PTM examination of the sugar in urine as thedetection of the beginning of disease diabetes mellitus, the daily activities investigation day, anutrition status, and activities sports. Support of the family, friends, and healthcare veryimportant to make lifestyle change in the diet and the activity. The research aims to give a senseof monitoring of diet and activity as a form of cadres in empowerment maintain blood sugarconcentration on elderly dm. The evaluation of these activities : increased cadre of knowledgethan average 3,29 become 9,84. Increased cadre of attitude than average 33,29 become 36,50.Cadres increasing skill than average 29,29 become 32,50. The decline in a sugar after monitoringdiet and activity of 63 %. Health education can be carried out individual and groups for healthworkers or cadres have received the training. Empowerment cadres can increase of knowledge ,attitudes and skill cadres. Puskesmas needs to give guidance and flanking for health cadres toincrease the care of nursing elderly dm. "

"[Gaya hidup yang tidak sehat meningkatkan prevalensi DM di masyarakat perkotaan.Lansia termasuk angregat yang rentan mengalami DM, dikarenakan terjadinyapenurunan fungsi tubuh. Salah satugejala DM yang timbul akibat peningkatan kadargula darah adalah penurunan sensitivitas kaki yang ditandai dengan rasa kebas dankesemutan.Penulisan Karya Ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran latihansenam kaki sebagai intervensi keperawatan pada risiko cedera lansia dengan DM.Hasil asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang dilakukan selama 6 minggu menunjukkanperbaikan sensitivitas kaki yang dibuktikan dengan pengukuran Ankle Brachial Index(ABI) meningkat dari 0,7 menjadi 1,2. Dukungan keluarga dibutuhkan untukmempertahankan kepatuhan melakukan senam kaki secara rutin.;Unhealthy life style increase DM prevalence in urban society. Elderly at risk todevelop DM caused by decreasing body function. One of DM symptom caused byhigh blood glucose level was decreased foot sensitivity.This paper purposes to givean illustration of foot exercise as nursing intervention for the risk of injury in elderlywith DM. The result after six weeks intervention show the improvement of footsensitivity which is analyzed based on Ancle Brachial Index measurement increasefrom 0,7 to 1,2.The family?s support is needed in order to increase adherence towardfoot exercise implementation, Unhealthy life style increase DM prevalence in urban society. Elderly at risk todevelop DM caused by decreasing body function. One of DM symptom caused byhigh blood glucose level was decreased foot sensitivity.This paper purposes to givean illustration of foot exercise as nursing intervention for the risk of injury in elderlywith DM. The result after six weeks intervention show the improvement of footsensitivity which is analyzed based on Ancle Brachial Index measurement increasefrom 0,7 to 1,2.The family’s support is needed in order to increase adherence towardfoot exercise implementation]"

"Lansia dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan kelompok rentan akibat berbagai faktor risiko sehingga perlu perhatian khusus meliputi pencegahan dan penanganannya. Karya ilmiah akhir ini menggambarkan program Lansia Sehat dengan Diabetes Mellitus (LANSET DM) sebagai strategi intervensi untuk pelayanan dan asuhan keperawatan komunitas dalam pengendalian DM melalui penerapan teori manajemen, community as patner, family entered nursing, preceed-proceed model dan teori konsekuensi fungsional di Kelurahan Cisalak Pasar. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, penyebaran angket pada 106 responden dengan total sampling. Bentuk intervensi dilaksanakan melalui: terapi komplementer, terapi modalitas, terapi keluarga, coaching, guidance, konseling dan pendidikan kesehatan pada kelompok swabantu maupun kelompok pendukung selama 8 bulan. Hasil kegiatan didapatkan 47,2% penurunan kadar gula darah. Kesimpulannya, program ini efektif dan aplikatif digunakan dalam pengelolaan pelayanan dan asuhan keperawatan lansia dengan DM. Penulis merekomendasikan perlunya perawat komunitas mengembangkan program dan terlibat aktif dalam pencegahan primer, sekunder serta tersier pengendalian DM terutama di Kota Depok.

---

Elderly with diabetes mellitus (DM) are a vulnerable population due to multiple risks factors that need special attention in terms of prevention and treatment. This final scientific papers describing Lansia Sehat dengan Diabetes Mellitus (LANSET DM) program as an intervention strategy to give service and community nursing care to control DM through the application of management theory, community as a partner, family entered nursing, preceed - proceed model and the theory of functional consequences in Kelurahan Cisalak Pasar.

Data were collected by interview, observations, questionnaires to 106 respondents with a total sampling. Intervention strategies implemented through: complementary therapies, therapy modalities, family therapy, coaching, guidance, counseling and health education to self-help groups and support groups for 8 months.

The result show a significant changes in 47,2 % decreasing of blood sugar levels. The conclusion, LANSET DM is effective and applicable to be used in the management of service and nursing care for elderly with DM in terms of prevention, health promotion, and controlling Diabetes. I recommend that the need for community nurse to develop the program and actively involved in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in controlling DM especially in Depok."

"Populasi lansia dengan Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan populasi yang rentan dengan perubahan fisik dan penyakit degeneratif yang dialaminya. Kelompok ini memerlukan bantuan atau dukungan baik secara fisik, ekonomi maupun akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Bentuk dukungan dari masyarakat salah satunya adanya kelompok pendukung. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran pelaksanaan kelompok pendukung dalam upaya pengendalian faktor risiko peningkatan gula darah pada aggregate lansia DM. Karya ilmiah akhir ini telah diaplikasikan dalam manajemen pelayanan keperawatan komunitas, asuhan keperawatan komunitas, dan keluarga melalui pengintegrasian teori dan konsep manajemen pelayanan kesehatan, community as partner model, family center nursing model, dan self care model.Hasilnya terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap lansia terhadap upaya pengendalian faktor risiko gula darah yang dibuktikan adanya penurunan gula darah secara signifikan sebanyak 87,5% setelah dilakukan pembinaan oleh kelompok pendukung. Hasil karya ilmiah ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk pengembangan intervensi kelompok pendukung lansia dengan penyakit DM.

---

Elderly population with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a vulnerable population with physical changes and degenerative diseases is going through. These groups need help or support physically, economically and access to health services. One of forms of support from the community is a support group. The goal of this study to give an overview of the implementation of support groups in an effort to control risk factors increase in blood sugar in the aggregate of elderly with DM. This study has recently been applied in the management of community nursing services, community nursing, and families through the integration of theory and concepts of health care management, community as a partnermodel, family center nursing model, and self care model. The result is an increase in knowledge, skills and attitudes toward the effort of controlling therisk factors ofblood sugar which is proved bythe declining value ofbloodsugarsignificantlyas many as 87,5%aftertraining by a support group.The result of this study is expected to be a reference to the development of a support group intervention for elderly with DM."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus merupakan sekelompok gangguan metabolisme tubuh, ditandai dengan hiperglikemik kronis yang dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi akut dan kronis. Salah satu peran perawat sebagai pemberi asuhan adalah memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang berkualitas melalui pendekatan Teori Self Care Orem. Penggunaan pendekatan teori ini diharapkan dapat membantu perawat dalam menanggulangi keterbatasan yang dimiliki pasien dan melibatkan pasien secara aktif dalam proses perawatannya melalui peilaku perawatan mandiri. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini adalah menganalisis hasil proses belajar residensi keperawatan medikal bedah melalui penerapan asuhan keperawatan, penerapan evidence based nursing practice, dan inovasi keperawatan. Data yang diperoleh selama praktik klinik menunjukkan sebagian besar pasien diabetes melitus mengalami komplikasi ulkus kaki diabetik yang disebabkan oleh perilaku perawatan kaki mandiri belum optimal. Hasil penerapan evidence based nursing practice berupa kegiatan edukasi perawatan kaki mandiri dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan membentuk perilaku perawatan kaki sebagai tindakan pencegahan dini. Hasil kegiatan inovasi keperawatan melalui pengkajian kesehatan mandiri adalah pasien dapat melakukan pengkajian mandiri terhadap kebutuhan edukasi dan mendapatkan edukasi sesuai kebutuhan mereka. Kesimpulan dari karya ilmiah akhir ini adalah perlunya peningkatan kualitas asuhan keperawatan pada pasien diabetes melitus melalui pendekatan teori keperawatan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian pasien dalam pengelolaan penyakitnya.

---

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which could lead to acute and chronic complications. One of nurse roles in managing diabetes mellitus is deliver nursing care using Orem's Theory of Self Care as guide of nursing practice. With this theoretical approach, nursing is expected to be able to overcome the limitations and inability of the patients and actively involve patients in the treatment process through self-care behaviors. The aims of this paper is to analyze the implementation of nursing care, application of evidence based nursing practice, and innovation program which integrated to clinical practice. Based on patient collective data, that was found that the majority of diabetes mellitus patients had been hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers complications that caused by non-optimal foot self-care behavior. The results of evidence based nursing practice showed that the diabetic foot care education program can improve the knowledge and build the foot self-care behavior as early prevention action. The results of innovation program through self-health assessment program are patients could assess their needs of educations and get health education according to assessment results. In conclusion, it's needed to improve the quality in caring for diabetes mellitus patients through application of nursing theory to increase the self-care behaviors in management of disease."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes merupakan penyakit progresif yang tidak hanya membutuhkan perawatan kuratif dan rehabilitatif tetapi juga perawatan paliatif.. Kepuasaan merupakan salah satu indikator penting tercapainya perawatan paliatif yang efektif sehingga pengukuran kepuasan pasien terhadap perawatan menjadi hal yang penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kepuasan pasien diabetes yang mendapatkan perawatan paliatif. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian cross sectional menggunakan sampel pasien diabetes di balai asuhan keperawatan Jabodetabek sebanyak 43 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Home Care Client Satisfaction Instrument-Revised (HCCSI-R), Clien Satisfaction Inventory (CSI), dan Long-form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-III). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 14% responden merasa cukup puas, 60,5% merasa puas, dan 25,6% merasa sangat puas. Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara karateristik responden dengan tingkat kepuasan (p>0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada praktisi kesehatan untuk memperdalam pengetahuan mengenai perawatan paliatif dan mengaplikasikannya pada pelayanan kesehatan.

---

ABSTRACTDiabetes is a progressive disease that needs palliative care aside from curative and rehabilitative. Satisfaction play as one of the most important indicator to get effective achievement of palliative care, so the measurement of patient satisfaction with treatment is necessary. This study was conducted to describe the level of satisfaction of diabetes patients who receive palliative care. This study used cross sectional approach with 43 respondents of diabetic patients accommodate under nursing care centers in Jabodetabek selected with purposive sampling technique. This study used Home Care Client Satisfaction Instrument-Revised (HCCSI-R), Clien Satisfaction Inventory (CSI), and the Long-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-III) to measure satisfaction level. The results showed that 14% of respondents felt quite satisfied, 60.5% were satisfied, and 25.6% felt very satisfied. This research also found that there is no significant differences between the characteristics of the respondents with the level of satisfaction (p> 0.05). The study recommend healthcare practitioners to deepen their knowledge about palliative care and apply it to health services."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Vitamin D dianggap berperan dalam patogenesis diabetes melitus tipe 1 (DMT1), memperbaiki kontrol metabolik dan menurunkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi mikrovaskuler.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil kadar vitamin D remaja DMT1 dan hubungan kadar vitamin D dengan retinopati dan nefropati diabetik.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada remaja DMT1 usia 11-21 tahun dengan lama sakit minimal satu tahun. Semua subjek dilakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisis lengkap, kadar 25(OH)D, HbA1c, rasio albumin/kreatinin urin, dan fotografi fundus.Hasil: Terdapat 49 subjek, 34 (69,4%) perempuan dan 15 (30,6%) lelaki dengan median lama sakit lima tahun (1-16 tahun). Sebanyak 96% subjek menggunakan insulin basal bolus. Median HbA1c adalah 9,5% (6,3% - 18%). Tidak ada subjek dengan kadar 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL, 6 subjek (12,2%) dengan kadar 25(OH)D 21-19 ng/mL dan 87,8% memiliki kadar 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D adalah 12,6 ng/mL (SD ±5,4 ng/mL). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kadar vitamin D adalah lama pajanan matahari (RP 13,3; 95%IK = 1,8-96, p= 0,019). Jenis pakaian, penggunaan sunblock, IMT, lama sakit, konsumsi susu tidak berhubungan dengan kadar vitamin D. Prevalens retinopati pada penelitian ini adalah 8,2%, mikroalbuminuria 28,5%, dan nefropati 16,3%. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar vitamin D dengan retinopati, mikroalbuminuria, dan nefropati diabetik.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada remaja DMT1 dengan kadar vitamin D yang cukup dan tidak ada hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dengan retinopati, mikroalbuminuria, dan nefropati diabetik.;Background: Many studies showed that vitamin D involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), metabolic control and decreased the risk of microvascular complication.

---

ABSTRACT

Objective: To find out the vitamin D profile in adolescence with T1DM and its association with retinopathy and nephropathy diabetic.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study performed during April to May 2015 involving T1DM adolescence aged 11-21 years old with duration of illness ≥ 1 year. We used questionnaire to know factors associated with vitamin D level. We performed physical examinations, tests for level of 25(OH)D serum, HbA1c, urine albumin/creatinine ratio and fundal photographic.

Results: There were 49 subjects, 34 female (69.4%) and 15 male (30.6%) with median duration of illness was five years (1-16 years). Most of the subjects (96%) were on basal bolus regimen. Median of HbA1c level was 9.5% (range 6.3%-18%). None of the subject had 25(OH)D level ≥ 30 ng/mL, 12.2% with 25(OH)D level of 21-19 ng/mL and 87,8% was ≤ 20 ng/mL. Mean of 25(OH)D level was 12.6 ng/mL (SD ±5.4 ng/mL). Duration of sun exposure was associated with 25(OH)D level (prevalent ratio of 13.3; 95%CI = 1.8-96, p= 0.019); While type of clothing, sunblock, body mass index, milk and juice intake were not associated with 25(OH)D level. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 4 subjects (8.2%), microalbuminuria in 14 subjects (28.5%), and nephropathy in 8 subjects (16.3%). All the subjects who suffered from microvascular complication had 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL. None of the subjects with 25 (OH)D > 20 ng/mL suffered had microvascular complication. There was no significant association between vitamin D level with diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria, or diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion: None of the adolescent with type 1 DM had sufficient vitamin D level, and 87.8% had vitamin D deficiency. There was no association between vitamin D level with diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria, or diabetic nephropathy."