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"[ABSTRAKIndustri penerbangan tumbuh begitu cepat dalam dua dekade. Jumlahpenumpang meningkat drastis. Di lain pihak, airline menghadapi tantangan terkaitdengan capacity yang bisa disediakan dan faktor eksternal. Meningkatnyapermintaan perjalanan udara tidak selalu sejalan dengan meningkatnyakeuntungan karena industri penerbangan harus berkompetisi dengan rivalnya.Deregulasi industri penerbangan telah mengubah pintu masuk dan pintu keluarmenjadi lebih fleksibel.Studi lebih lanjut mengenai penentu profitabilitas industri penerbangandiperlukan untuk mengetahui faktor yang menjadikan industri ini menguntungkan.Dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda, penelitian ini menguji sisi operasi,keuangan, dan kompetisi terhadap profitabilitas maskapai penerbangan. Hasil daripenelitian ini mengkonfirmasi penelitian sebelumnya bahwa operasional memberidampak terhadap profitabilitas maskapai. Beberapa faktor diuji. Jumlah pesawatmemberi dampak positif terhadap profitabilitas. Meski begitu, peningkatan inibisa dilakukan dengan bergabung aliansi sebagai bagian strategi untuk tumbuh.Sedang tingkat isian pesawat tidak memberi pengaruh.Konsentrasi trafik perjalanan udara sebagai ukuran kompetisi telah memberiinformasi bahwa hal ini berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas maskapai.Peningkatan konsentrasi dapat dilakukan melalui penambahan rute dan frekuensipenerbangan. Selain itu, maskapai bisa menarik konsumen dengan membedakankualitas produk antar maskapai. Dikarenakan industri penerbangan tumbuh, makadiperlukan dukungan modal agar industri penerbangan dapat menyediakankapasitas sesuai permintaan perjalanan udara. Tingkat utang memberi pengaruhpositif dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas maskapai dengan limitasi tertentu.

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ABSTRACTThe airline industry has become more rapid growth in a two decades.Number of passengers increase drastically. On the other hand, airlines facingsome challenges in conjunction with internal capacity creates and external shocks.Increasing demand do not linearly increasing profitability since they have tocompete over the rivals. Deregulation airline industry has changing the entry andexit to market lower.The study about determinants of airlines profitability is required to ensurethe airlines in profitabile operations. By multiple linear regression, research isexamining operational, financial, and competition issue to find these effect intoprofitability. The research results confirmed previous study that operationalperformance has affect to airlines profitability. Several factors in operational hastested. Fleet size as variables operational has consistently impact to profitability.However, alliances as the other ways increasing size could be considering as partof strategic to growth while load factor has no affect in predicting profit.The industry concentration as competition measurement has provide insightto the research that competition has affect to profitability. Increasingconcentration could achieved by increase fligth frequencies particularly intoroutes that profitable. In addition, airlines shall attract passengers more byoffering product market quality that can distinguished by consumers. Since theindustry growth driven by demand, airlines required more financial supports inproviding capacity of air traffics. The financial leveraged has play a key role ingenerating profitability.;The airline industry has become more rapid growth in a two decades.Number of passengers increase drastically. On the other hand, airlines facingsome challenges in conjunction with internal capacity creates and external shocks.Increasing demand do not linearly increasing profitability since they have tocompete over the rivals. Deregulation airline industry has changing the entry andexit to market lower.The study about determinants of airlines profitability is required to ensurethe airlines in profitabile operations. By multiple linear regression, research isexamining operational, financial, and competition issue to find these effect intoprofitability. The research results confirmed previous study that operationalperformance has affect to airlines profitability. Several factors in operational hastested. Fleet size as variables operational has consistently impact to profitability.However, alliances as the other ways increasing size could be considering as partof strategic to growth while load factor has no affect in predicting profit.The industry concentration as competition measurement has provide insightto the research that competition has affect to profitability. Increasingconcentration could achieved by increase fligth frequencies particularly intoroutes that profitable. In addition, airlines shall attract passengers more byoffering product market quality that can distinguished by consumers. Since theindustry growth driven by demand, airlines required more financial supports inproviding capacity of air traffics. The financial leveraged has play a key role ingenerating profitability., The airline industry has become more rapid growth in a two decades.Number of passengers increase drastically. On the other hand, airlines facingsome challenges in conjunction with internal capacity creates and external shocks.Increasing demand do not linearly increasing profitability since they have tocompete over the rivals. Deregulation airline industry has changing the entry andexit to market lower.The study about determinants of airlines profitability is required to ensurethe airlines in profitabile operations. By multiple linear regression, research isexamining operational, financial, and competition issue to find these effect intoprofitability. The research results confirmed previous study that operationalperformance has affect to airlines profitability. Several factors in operational hastested. Fleet size as variables operational has consistently impact to profitability.However, alliances as the other ways increasing size could be considering as partof strategic to growth while load factor has no affect in predicting profit.The industry concentration as competition measurement has provide insightto the research that competition has affect to profitability. Increasingconcentration could achieved by increase fligth frequencies particularly intoroutes that profitable. In addition, airlines shall attract passengers more byoffering product market quality that can distinguished by consumers. Since theindustry growth driven by demand, airlines required more financial supports inproviding capacity of air traffics. The financial leveraged has play a key role ingenerating profitability.]"

"Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi penurunan profitabilitas PT XY selama tahun 2016-2017 dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk membantu perusahaan dapat memperbaiki dan mengoptimalkan kinerja keuangannya di tengah ketatnya persaingan industri penerbangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus pada salah satu perusahaan penerbangan berbiaya rendah (LCC) di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari data internal perusahaan berupa laporan kinerja keuangan dan kinerja operasional perusahaan, selain itu juga menggunakan data-data operasional industri yang diperoleh dari Departemen Perhubungan RI dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penuruanan profitabilitas perusahaan pada tahun 2016-2017 terutama dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan output yang rendah, perubahan harga input yang meningkat, tingkat keterisian pesawat yang belum optimal, serta faktor-faktor eksternal lainnya yang sangat mempengaruhi penurunan profitabilitas maskapai. Penelitian ini juga memberikan beberapa rekomendasi kepada perusahaan dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan usahanya dan upaya terhadap efisiensi biaya perusahaan.

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The objective of this research are to identify significant factors that affect company profitability for the year 2016 sd. 2017 and to give recommendations to support company performance in order to optimization and improvement in the middle of tight competition in airline industry. This research conducted using case study in one of Indonesian Low cost carrier airlines. The data obtained is from internal company data, particularly financial and operation performance report, besides there are also operational performance data obtained from Ministry of Transportations and Central Bureau of Statistic.

The result of this research indicate that decrement company profitability for the year 2016-2017 mainly affected by low output growth, increment of input price, load factor that has not reached optimal yet, and other external factors that significantly affect airline profitability. This research also gives recommendations for company in attempt to increase their operating revenues and cost efficiency program. "

"The development of Islamic banking in Malaysia began in 1983, while in Indonesia began nine years later (in 1992). This paper examines the impact of regulation in each country on the growth of Islamic banking. It is found that different design of regulation leads to different type of competition, it then creates different level of growth. In Indonesia, it seems that the creation of regulation is to facilitate the demand of market, while in Malaysia, mostly, regulation come from the government initiative. It is also pointed out the importance of economic incentives to the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia. In analyzing the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia, this paper uses some tools of analysis. First, comparative analysis of both regulations, second, financial growth and profitability analysis, and third, field research analysis (case of Indonesia). Finally, this paper contributes to the on going discussion on the effects of regulation on the growth of Islamic banking sector."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh bank specific factor, industry specific factor dan kondisi makroekonomi terhadap profitabilitas bank. Jumlah bank yang menjadi sampel adalah sebanyak 39 yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan periode penelitian 2003-2013 dan estimasi fixed effect model, hasil yang diperoleh adalah capital adequacy dan asset composition berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap profitabilitas bank, sedangkan credit risk dan cost management berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap profitabilitas bank. Market concentration berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap profitabilitas bank. Pengaruh inflasi terhadap profitabilitas adalah signifikan dan positif, sedangkan periode krisis keuangan global tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.

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The objective of this research is to examine the effect of bank spacific factor, industry specific factor and macroeconomic conditions on bank profitability. Number of bank used in this research are 39 banks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using 2003-2013 time frame dan fixed effect model estimation, it is found that capital adequacy and asset composition have significant and positive effect on bank profitability, whereas credit risk and cost management have significant and negative effect on bank profitability. Market concentration have significant and positive effect on bank profitability. The effect of inflation are significant and positive, whereas global financial crisis period don’t have siginificant effect on profitability."

"An efficient air transport system is critical to countries attaining and sustaining healthy economies in an increasingly interconnected world economy. This volume of 'Advances in Airline Economics' includes literature surveys and original empirical research examining airline efficiency in the twenty first century."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti faktor-faktor determinan yang mendasari pembentukan struktur modal perusahaan pembiayaan yang pada akhirnya mempengaruhi profitabilitas perusahaan pembiayaan melalui struktur kepemilikan yang diwakili oleh Agen Tunggal Pemilik Merek (ATPM) dan bank, tipe pembiayaan yang terdiri dari leasing, factoring dan consumer financing, umur dan ukuran perusahaan. Tesis ini menggunakan data 110 perusahaan pembiayaan yang ada di Indonesia periode tahun 2009 hingga 2012. Model regresi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data panel melalui metode fixed effect dengan weighted cross-section. Penelitian menghasilkan dua kesimpulan yang pertama struktur kepemilikan bank, tipe pembiayaan factoring, tipe pembiayaan consumer financing, umur perusahaan dan ukuran perusahaan merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pemilihan struktur modal perusahaan pembiayaan, yang kedua pada akhirnya faktor-faktor determinan struktur modal ini juga mempengaruhi profitabilitas perusahaan pembiayaan.

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The objective of this paper is to analize the determinants of multifinance capital structure and its influence on profitability through ownership structure such as ATPM (Agen Tunggal Pemegang Merek) and bank, financing type such as leasing, factoring and consumer financing together with company age and size as the determinants of capital structure.

This thesis uses data from 110 multifinance companies in Indonesia from 2009 until 2012. This research uses panel data and fixed effect with weighted cross section as the regression model.

There are two conclusions: first, the bank ownership, factoring, consumer financing, company age and company size are the determinants of capital structure, second finally the determinants of capital structure influence the profitability of the multifinance companies."

"Penelitian ini membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas bank di 5 negara ASEAN selama periode 2004 ndash; 2015. Khususnya di 5 negara ASEAN : Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, dan Filipina. Dengan metode regresi liner dan panel data, Kami menemukan bahwa faktor internal non interest income, non interest expense, dan share holders ratio secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik perusahaan. Sementara itu kesenjangan ekonomi, tingkat harapan hidupdan pendidikan di tingkat menengah merupakan faktor external yang berpengaruh dalam profitabilitasperbankan. Dari 5 negara ASEAN, Bank yang beroperasi di Indonesia secara signifikan lebih tinggi profitnya. Peningkatan profitabilitas bank dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan pendapatan, mengurangi biaya tetap, dan memaksimumkan efisiensi.

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This paper analyze the determinant of profitability of bank in 5 ASEAN countries during 2004 2015. Particularly in ASEAN 5 countries Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, dand Philippines. We find that internal factors which consist of non interest income, non interest expense, and shareholders ratiosignificantlycorrelated to the bank profitability. Meanwhile, life expectancy, gini coefficient and secondary enrollment are the staticaly external factors. Among 5 ASEAN countries, Indonesia is the most profitable country for banks to operate. Increased bank profitability can be done by increasing revenue, reduce fixed costs, and maximized efficiency."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor internal dan faktor eksternal apa saja yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas bank umum di Indonesia karena profitabilitas bank berperan penting bagi terwujudnya Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan. Peran penting ini tercermin dari penguasaan 75% total aset industri keuangan oleh perbankan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan bank-bank umum yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2002-2011 sehingga jenis datanya adalah unbalanced panel data. Model yang digunakan adalah model efek tetap (MET) dengan treatment Generalized Least Square (GLS).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal bank yang terdiri dari permodalan, risiko kredit, dan reserve memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank umum di Indonesia. Faktor eksternal bank memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda, namun semuanya signifikan. Tingkat konsentrasi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan krisis keuangan global 2007 memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas bank umum di Indonesia, sementara inflasi dan market-based financial development memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas bank umum di Indonesia.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the internal and external factors that affects profitability of conventional banks in Indonesia. Banking profitability is an important ingredient for stability of financial system in Indonesia. This important role is reflected in conventional banks taking nearly 75% of financial industry`s total assets. The data used in this study are financial statements of conventional banks that are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2002-2011 so this study used unbalanced panel data. The model used in this study is fixed effect with generalized least square (GLS) treatment. The findings showed that all of the internal factors that consists of equity, credit risk, and reserve positively and significantly affect banks` profitability. All of the external factors also significantly affect banks` profitability but they affect differently. While market concentration, economic growth, and 2007 financial crisis affect bank`s profitability negatively, inflation and market-based financial development affects bank`s profitability positively."

"Bank BUMN sebagai mitra strategis pemerintah berperan dalam mendukung pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional dalam rangka pertumbuhan ekonomi, peningkatan kekayaan negara, pemerataan pembangunan, dan stabilitas nasional ke arah peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu, Bank BUMN diperlukan untuk memiliki kinerja yang baik dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya. Indikator yang mampu merepresentasikan dengan baik kinerja Bank BUMN adalah profitabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan profitabilitas dengan menguji pengaruh Firm Size, Liquidity, Solvency, Financial Leverage, dan Capital Adequacy terhadap ROA, ROE, danROS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan teknik penarikan sampel purposive sampling, dan menggunakan model statistik regresi berganda data panel. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI, Bank BRI, danBank BTN periode 2016-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara Firm Size terhadap ROAdan ROS namun negatif terhadap ROE. Liquidity berpengaruh positif terhadap ROEdan ROS namun negatif terhadap ROA. Solvency berpengaruh negatif terhadap ROA, ROE, dan ROS. Financial Leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap ROAnamun negatif terhadap ROEdan ROS. Capital Adequacy berpengaruh positif terhadap ROAdan ROEnamun negatif terhadap ROS.

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As strategic partners of the government, state-owned banks play a role in supporting the implementation of national development in the context of economic growth, increasing the country’s wealth, equitable development, and national stability towards improving living standards. Therefore, state-owned banks must persist to have good performance in all its business activities. An indicator that can represent well the performance of state-owned banks is profitability. This research aims to analyze the determinants of profitability. Those determinants include Firm Size, Liquidity, Solvency, Financial Leverage, and Capital Adequacy while the profitability is evaluated by three different ratios which is ROA, ROE, and ROS. This research is using a quantitative research with a purposive sampling technique and used a multiple regression statistical model of panel data. The data used in this research are the financial statements and annual reports of Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI, Bank BRI, and Bank BTN for the 2016-2019 period. The research results showed that Firm Size has a positive impact on both ROA and ROS but a negative one on ROE. Liquidity impacts positively on ROE and ROS but negatively on ROA. Solvency impacts negatively on ROA, ROE, and ROS. Financial Leverage has a positive impact on ROA but it has the opposite effect on ROE and ROS. Capital Adequacy has a positive impact on both ROA and ROE but negative on ROS."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan antara faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat profitabilitas perusahaan farmasi di Indonesia dalam periode precovid dan peak covid. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup perusahaan dalam sub sektor farmasi yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode Januari 2016 hingga Desember 2020. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua periode yaitu pre-covid untuk Januari 2016 hingga Desember 2019 dan peak covid untuk Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data panel. Penelitian melakukan regresi variabel independen firm size, company efficiency, liquidity, market power, dan firm’s growth terhadap return on equity, return on assets, dan earnings per share. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa firm size berpengaruh terhadap ROA pada periode precovid serta ROE dan ROA pada periode peak covid. Company efficiency ditemukan memiliki pengaruh terhadap profitabilitas pada ROA periode pre-covid namun tidak pada peak covid. Liquidity juga ditemukan memiliki pengaruh kepada ROA pada periode precovid serta ROE dan ROA pada periode peak covid. Selanjutnya, market power memiliki pengaruh terhadap ROE, ROA, dan EPS periode pre-covid serta ROE dan ROA periode peak covid. Terakhir, firm’s growth memiliki pengaruh pada EPS pre-covid dan ROA peak covid.

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This study aims to analyze the comparison between the factors that affect the profitability of pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia in the pre-covid and peak covid periods. The sample used in this study includes companies in the pharmaceutical sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period January 2016 to December 2020. The study is divided into two periods, namely pre-covid for January 2016 to December 2019 and peak covid for January 2020 to December 2020. The data used in this study is panel data. The study regressed the independent variables of firm size, company efficiency, liquidity, market power, and firm's growth on return on equity, return on assets, and earnings per share. The results showed that firm size had an effect on ROA in the pre-covid period and ROE and ROA in the peak covid period. Company efficiency was found to have an effect on profitability on ROA in the pre-covid period but not at peak covid. Liquidity was also found to have an influence on ROA in the pre-covid period as well as ROE and ROA in the peak covid period. Furthermore, market power has an influence on ROE, ROA, and EPS in the pre-covid period as well as ROE and ROA during the peak covid period. Lastly, firm's growth has an influence on pre-covid EPS and ROA peak covid."