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"[ABSTRAKMinyak ikan dikenal sebagai sumber polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) yang baik dan digunakan untuk tujuan farmasetika dan suplemen pangan secara luas. Dalam penelitian ini, bahan baku ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) dikarakterisasi dan minyak ikan diekstraksi dari tulang ikan sidat dengan metode Bligh & Dyer dan wet rendering. Komposisi asam lemak dari minyaknya dianalisa dan dikuantifikasi menggunakan kromatografi gas. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan, total by-product pengolahan ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) mencapai 26,38%, kandungan lemak tulang ikan sidat 17,33 ± 0,58 g/100 g. Rendemen minyak ikan sidat yang diekstraksi dengan metode Bligh dan Dyer adalah 17,12%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis asam lemak minyak ikan sidat, diperoleh kandungan SFA 19,87%, MUFA 25,84%, PUFA 13,84%. Komposisi asam lemak utama minyak ikan sidat adalah asam palmitat 13,58%, asam oleat 20,94%, asam linoleat 4,01%, EPA 1,57% dan DHA 4,84%. Rendemen tertinggi ekstraksi minyak ikan dari tulang ikan sidat menggunakan metode wet rendering adalah sebesar 6,95% yang didapat pada pada suhu 80ºC, waktu perebusan 60 menit. Penambahan waktu perebusan menjadi 90 menit pada suhu yang sama, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase rendemen. Kondisi ekstraksi metode wet rendering terbaik berdasarkan persentase rendemen dan nilai hasil uji mutu dari minyak ikan adalah suhu perebusan 60°C, waktu perebusan 60 menit dengan persentase rendemen sebesar 5,53%, asam lemak bebas 0,47% , bilangan asam 9.277,55 mg KOH/kg, bilangan peroksida 38,35 meq/kg, bilangan anisidin 25,84 meq/kg dan total oksidasi 102,55 meq/kg. Hanya kandungan asam lemak bebas saja yang mempunyai nilai sesuai standar yang diperbolehkan.

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ABSTRACTFish oils have been recognized as good sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which are widely used for pharmaceutical purposes and as food supplements. In this study, eels (Angguilla bicolor bicolor) as a raw material was characterized and fish oil from eels bone were extracted using Bligh & Dyer and wet rendering method. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed and quantified using gas chromatography. Results showed that the total yield of by-product of eel reached 26,38 %, the lipid content of eels bone was 17.33 ± 0.58 g/100 g. Yield of eel bone oil extracted by Bligh and Dyer method was 17.12%. In the fatty acid analysis of eel bone oil, it was discovered that SFA was 19.87%, MUFA was 25.84%, and PUFA was 13.84%. The Composition of major fatty acids in the oil from the bone were palmitic acid (13.58%), oleic acid (20.94%), linoleic acid (4.01%), EPA (1.57%), and DHA (4.84%). The highest yield of fish oil from eel bone with wet rendeering exctraction method was 6.95% on temperatur 80ºC and boiling time 60 minutes. At the same temperatur, an additional time to 90 minutes was not significantly different to percentage of yield. The best condition for wet rendering exctraction method is boiling temperature 60°C, boiling time 60 minute with value of yield, free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, anisidin value and total oxidation is 5,53%, 0,47%, 9.277,55 mg KOH/kg, 38,35 meq/kg, 25,84 meq/kg and 102,55 meq/kg respectively. Result showed that only free fatty acid value which meet the standar requirement.;Fish oils have been recognized as good sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which are widely used for pharmaceutical purposes and as food supplements. In this study, eels (Angguilla bicolor bicolor) as a raw material was characterized and fish oil from eels bone were extracted using Bligh & Dyer and wet rendering method. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed and quantified using gas chromatography. Results showed that the total yield of by-product of eel reached 26,38 %, the lipid content of eels bone was 17.33 ± 0.58 g/100 g. Yield of eel bone oil extracted by Bligh and Dyer method was 17.12%. In the fatty acid analysis of eel bone oil, it was discovered that SFA was 19.87%, MUFA was 25.84%, and PUFA was 13.84%. The Composition of major fatty acids in the oil from the bone were palmitic acid (13.58%), oleic acid (20.94%), linoleic acid (4.01%), EPA (1.57%), and DHA (4.84%). The highest yield of fish oil from eel bone with wet rendeering exctraction method was 6.95% on temperatur 80ºC and boiling time 60 minutes. At the same temperatur, an additional time to 90 minutes was not significantly different to percentage of yield. The best condition for wet rendering exctraction method is boiling temperature 60°C, boiling time 60 minute with value of yield, free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, anisidin value and total oxidation is 5,53%, 0,47%, 9.277,55 mg KOH/kg, 38,35 meq/kg, 25,84 meq/kg and 102,55 meq/kg respectively. Result showed that only free fatty acid value which meet the standar requirement.;Fish oils have been recognized as good sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which are widely used for pharmaceutical purposes and as food supplements. In this study, eels (Angguilla bicolor bicolor) as a raw material was characterized and fish oil from eels bone were extracted using Bligh & Dyer and wet rendering method. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed and quantified using gas chromatography. Results showed that the total yield of by-product of eel reached 26,38 %, the lipid content of eels bone was 17.33 ± 0.58 g/100 g. Yield of eel bone oil extracted by Bligh and Dyer method was 17.12%. In the fatty acid analysis of eel bone oil, it was discovered that SFA was 19.87%, MUFA was 25.84%, and PUFA was 13.84%. The Composition of major fatty acids in the oil from the bone were palmitic acid (13.58%), oleic acid (20.94%), linoleic acid (4.01%), EPA (1.57%), and DHA (4.84%). The highest yield of fish oil from eel bone with wet rendeering exctraction method was 6.95% on temperatur 80ºC and boiling time 60 minutes. At the same temperatur, an additional time to 90 minutes was not significantly different to percentage of yield. The best condition for wet rendering exctraction method is boiling temperature 60°C, boiling time 60 minute with value of yield, free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, anisidin value and total oxidation is 5,53%, 0,47%, 9.277,55 mg KOH/kg, 38,35 meq/kg, 25,84 meq/kg and 102,55 meq/kg respectively. Result showed that only free fatty acid value which meet the standar requirement., Fish oils have been recognized as good sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which are widely used for pharmaceutical purposes and as food supplements. In this study, eels (Angguilla bicolor bicolor) as a raw material was characterized and fish oil from eels bone were extracted using Bligh & Dyer and wet rendering method. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed and quantified using gas chromatography. Results showed that the total yield of by-product of eel reached 26,38 %, the lipid content of eels bone was 17.33 ± 0.58 g/100 g. Yield of eel bone oil extracted by Bligh and Dyer method was 17.12%. In the fatty acid analysis of eel bone oil, it was discovered that SFA was 19.87%, MUFA was 25.84%, and PUFA was 13.84%. The Composition of major fatty acids in the oil from the bone were palmitic acid (13.58%), oleic acid (20.94%), linoleic acid (4.01%), EPA (1.57%), and DHA (4.84%). The highest yield of fish oil from eel bone with wet rendeering exctraction method was 6.95% on temperatur 80ºC and boiling time 60 minutes. At the same temperatur, an additional time to 90 minutes was not significantly different to percentage of yield. The best condition for wet rendering exctraction method is boiling temperature 60°C, boiling time 60 minute with value of yield, free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, anisidin value and total oxidation is 5,53%, 0,47%, 9.277,55 mg KOH/kg, 38,35 meq/kg, 25,84 meq/kg and 102,55 meq/kg respectively. Result showed that only free fatty acid value which meet the standar requirement.]"

"Minyak ikan dikenal sebagai produk yang memiliki khasiat besar karena mengandung PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid). Penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa PUFA dapat mencegah penyakit-penyakit berbahaya seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, inflamasi, dan kanker. Ikan sidat (Anguilla sp.) yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama memiliki kandungan gizi yang sangat tinggi, baik dari segi protein dan kandungan asam lemaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan minyak ikan Sidat dengan melalui tahap ekstraksi, pemurnian, dan karakterisasi. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah rendering basah dan proses purifikasi terdiri dari degumming, netralisasi, dan bleaching. Terdapat dua jenis minyak yang dikarakterisasi yakni minyak ikan kasar dan minyak ikan purifikasi. Hasil akhir minyak ikan kasar memiliki kandungan PUFA sebesar 31,81%, sedangakan minyak ikan purifikasi sebesar 18,44%. Minyak ikan kasar memiliki kualitas yang memadai sebagai produk minyak ikan layak konsumsi dengan spesifikasi bilangan asam (2,5), %asam lemak bebas (1,2%), kandungan air (0,15%), tingkat kejernihan (78%), dan asam lamak tak jenuh omega-3 (5,64%), omega-6 (26,17%), dan omega-9 (35,55%).

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Fish oil is known as a very beneficial product because it contains high PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid). Various researchs have proven that PUFA is able to prevent many kind of malignancies such as cardiovascular problem, inflammation, and cancer. Sidat fish (Anguilla sp.) which will be used as main raw material has high amount of nutrients, not only in protein, but also in its fatty acid content. The purposes of this research is to produce Sidat fish oil through extraction, purification, and characterization. Wet rendering extraction method is used purification steps are consisted of degumming, neutralization, and bleaching. There are two kinds of fish oil which will be characterizied, crude fish oil and purified fish oil. The final crude sidat fish oil contain PUFA as much as 31.81%, while purified fish oil has 18.44% PUFA. The crude fish oil is known to have better and proper quality as a consumable fish oil product. It has specification as acid value (2.5), %free fatty acid (1.2%), water content (0.15%), clarity (78%), omega 3 unsaturated fatty acid (5.64%), omega 6 (26,16%), and omega 9 (35.55%)."

"Abon ikan adalah produk olahan dari daging ikan, melalui kombinasi proses pengolahan. Pembuatan makanan olahan dari ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor) yakni produk abon ikan dipercaya mampu memenuhi kebutuhan gizi masyarakat, layak untuk dikonsumsi bagi para konsumennya dan juga memiliki daya simpan yang relatif lebih lama dibandingkan produk olahan ikan lainnya seperti nugget, baksi dan sosis ikan. Pembuatan abon ikan sidat ini dilakukan dengan variasi bahan baku murni daging ikan sidat dan campuran lengkuas (Alpinia galngan Sw) dengan rasa original dan pedas. Penentuan kualitas produk abon ikan sidat dengan melakukan analisis proksimat dan juga organoleptik pada setiap tipe. Untuk kandungan protein terbaik, diperoleh oleh abon ikan sidat tipe A1 dengan kandungan 35,0%, sedangkan tipe B1 34,7%, A2 29,3% dan B2 21,3%. Untuk analisis organoleptik, terbaik diperoleh oleh tipe A2 mengenai rasa 82,4%; warna 84,4%; tekstur 84,8% dan Aroma 84,8%.

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Shredded fish is processed product of fish meat, through a combination of processing. The manufacture of processed foods of eel (Anguilla bicolor) shredded fish product believed to fill the nutritional needs of the community, suitable for consumption for customers and also have a shelf life that is relatively longer than other processed fish products such as nuggets, meatball and fish sausages. Manufacture of shredded eel is done with pure raw material variations eel meat and mix with galangal (Alpinia galngan Sw) with the original flavor and spicy. Determination of product quality shredded eel by proximate analysis and also organoleptic analysis on every type. For the best protein content, obtained by shredded eel type A1 with a content of 35.0%, while 34.7% of type B1, A2 and B2 29.3% to 21.3%. For organoleptic analysis, the best test results obtained by A2 type about the taste 82.4%; color 84.4%; texture 84.8% and 84.8% of Aroma."

"Ikan sidat (Anguilla spp.) merupakan ikan bernilai ekonomis penting. Beberapa Negara seperti Jepang, Korea dan Negara-negara di Eropa merupakan pangsa pasar ikan sidat yang potensial. Penyebaran ikan ini di Indonesia sangat luas, salah satunya perairan Danau Poso Sulawesi Tengah. Stok ikan sidat memiliki keterbatasan karena belum dapat dikembangbiakkan dengan sistem budidaya, sehingga ketersediaannya sangat tergantung dari alam. Sampai saat ini aktivitas perikanan terhadap ikan sidat adalah kegiatan pembesaran sampai ukuran bernilai ekonomis. Penelitian dilakukan dari Mei-September 2012 di Pusat Penelitian Limnologi LIPI. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air pada sistem pemeliharaan yang sesuai untuk pembesaran larva ikan sidat. Pembesaran larva sidat menggunakan dua sistem pemeliharaan, yaitu sistem bak air diam (kubus) dan bak air mengalir ( raceway) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter konduktivitas (p=0,047), Nitrit (p=0,004), Suhu (p=0,046), Pospat (p=0,049) serta Total Pospat (p=0,032) menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada dua sistem pemeliharaan tersebut. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan pertumbuhan berat (W) dan panjang (L) larva sidat dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi DO, Suhu, TP, PO4 dan NH4. Rata-rata pertumbuhan panjang larva sidat pada bak air diam 65,59 % (3,19 cm) sedangkan pada bak air mengalir 65,92 % (3,25 cm). Rata-rata pertumbuhan berat larva sidat pada bak air diam 384,49 % (0,756 gr), sedangkan pada bak air mengalir 412,72 % (0,796 gr). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa bak uji air mengalir lebih baik untuk pemeliharaan atau pembesaran larva ikan sidat."

"Penelitian ini membahas terkait pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam program budidaya sidat Desa Kebonmanggu, dibahas dari disiplin ilmu kesejahteraan sosial. Urgensi dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam kerangka CSR yang dilakukan dengan kerjasama bersama pemerintah daerah, sehingga pelayanan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat menjadi lebih optimal dan efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2022 hingga Mei 2023 menggunakan studi dokumen dan wawancara mendalam pada 8 orang informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive samping. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa tahapan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan dalam program budidaya sidat Desa Kebonmanggu. Tahapan tersebut mencakup sosialisasi dan pendaftaran program Gesari, verifikasi lapangan, pengumuman hasil seleksi, pembinaan Gesari Academy, pencairan dana, pembelanjaan, pengembangan metode budidaya, penjualan sidat, pembinaan, monitoring, evaluasi, dan reward. Dalam setiap tahapan tersebut, terdapat peran dari aktor pendamping yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan untuk membantu kelompok Sidat Bumi menjalankan programnya. Aktor pendamping yang terlibat adalah Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan sebagai dinas pendamping program, Pemerintah Desa Kebonmanggu, dan perusahaan PT Semen Jawa itu sendiri yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan program. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh PT Semen Jawa dalam kerangka CSR, memiliki tahapan program nya sendiri dan menunjukkan beberapa perbedaan dengan tahap pengembangan masyarakat yang biasa dilakukan oleh Organisasi Pelayanan Kemanusiaan (Human Service Organizations). Program pemberdayaan masyarakatnya juga melibatkan aktor-aktor pendamping yang membantu kelompok usaha dalam pelaksanaan program, mencerminkan peran-peran dari agen perubahan atau community worker. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bersumbangsih bagi program studi Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial pada mata kuliah intervensi komunitas terkait materi pengembangan masyarakat dan peran agen perubahan (community worker), bahwa perusahaan juga dapat melakukan program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui kerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah sebagai upaya untuk mencapai kesejahteraan sosial bagi masyarakat.

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This research discusses the empowerment of the community in the eel cultivation program in Kebonmanggu Village, analyzed from the discipline of social welfare. The urgency of this research is to understand the implementation of community empowerment within the framework of corporate social responsibility (CSR), in collaboration with the local government, in order to optimize and make the services provided to the community more effective. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data collection was carried out from October 2022 to May 2023 using document studies and in-depth interviews with 8 selected informants using purposive sampling technique. The research findings indicate several stages of empowerment carried out in the eel cultivation program in Kebonmanggu Village. These stages include program socialization and registration, field verification, announcement of selection results, Gesari Academy mentoring, fund disbursement, expenditure, cultivation method development, eel sales, mentoring, monitoring, evaluation, and reward. In each of these stages, there is a role played by accompanying actors involved in the implementation to assist the Sidat Bumi group in running their program. The accompanying actors involved are the Department of Fisheries and Marine Affairs as the program's partner agency, the Kebonmanggu Village Government, and PT Semen Jawa company itself, which is involved in the program's implementation. The conclusion of this research is that the community empowerment program conducted by PT Semen Jawa within the framework of CSR has its own program stages and shows some differences compared to the stages of community development usually carried out by Human Service Organizations. The community empowerment program also involves accompanying actors who assist the business group in program implementation, reflecting the roles of change agents or community workers. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the Social Welfare Science study program, specifically in the community intervention course, regarding community development topics and the role of change agents (community workers), highlighting that companies can also implement community development and empowerment programs through cooperation with the local government as an effort to achieve social welfare for the community"

"Perairan danau dan sungai Poso sudah lama diketahui sebagai daerah penangkapan ikan sidat. Ikan sidat termasuk famili Anguillidae merupakan ikan katadromus yaitu ikan yang hidup di perairan tawar (sungai/danau), bermigrasi ke laut untuk melakukan pemijahan dan setelah itu kembali lagi ke perairan tawar untuk melanjutkan siklus hidupnya. Benih ( glass eel/elver) sidat di aliran Sungai Poso sendiri bergerak dari Muara Poso, kemudian bermigrasi anadromus untuk sampai ke perairan tawar melewati beberapa wilayah sungai seperti Sungai Pandiri, Sulewana menuju Rawa Tentena dan kemudian berakhir di Danau Poso. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik perairan yang dilalui fase-fase ikan sidat. Penelitian karakteristik perairan ikan sidat telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret, Mei, Juli dan September 2012 dengan metode survei berstrata. Dari pengamatan diperoleh hasil bahwa karakteristik dari lima stasiun pengamatan hampir sama, dimana karakteristik dasar perairannya berbatu dan berpasir, vegetasi yang tumbuh di sekitar sungai juga sama seperti pohon-pohon besar dan alang-alang. Kondisi kualitas perairan di aliran Sungai Poso yang dilewati oleh fase-fase ikan sidat juga masih mendukung untuk kehidupan sidat."

"Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella sp) adalah salah satu kelompok ikan yang memiliki kandunganprotein tinggi dan kandungan minyak ikan yang banyak, tersebar luas di perairan JawaTimur, terutama di Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengayaan omega-3minyak ikan Lemuru melalui reaksi enzimatik, sehingga akan meningkatkan nilaiekonomi dari minyak ikan lemuru yang selama ini di Muncar (sentra produksi minyakikan) dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran pakan ternak dan ikan. Minyak ikan Lemurudilakukan pemurnian dengan menggunakan bentonit dan karbon aktif. Minyak ikansebelum pemurnian dan sesudah pemurnian ditentukan kualitasnya dengan cara analisaangka asam lemak bebas, angka asam, angka peroksida dan angka iodnyamenggunakan metode titrimetri, sedangkan pemucatan warna (bleaching) ditentukanmenggunakan nilai absorbansinya menggunakan spektofotometer. Pengayaan omega 3minyak ikan cara hidrolisis dengan bantuan enzim lipase komersial dilakukan sebanyak1 gram minyak ikan menggunakan tabung reaksi dan 160 gram menggunakan reaktor 1L. Reaksi enzimatis dilakukan dengan variasi suhu (45-55), waktu (6-24 jam),konsentrasi enzim (500, 1000, 1500 dan 2000 unit) dan agitasi (50-150 rpm).Kandungan asam lemak omega 3 dari minyak ikan yang telah dihidrolisis dengan enzimlipase ditentukan menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC). Hasil pemurnianmenggunakan karbon 3% dapat menurunkan angka peroksida sampai nol danmenurunkan nilai absorbansi yang sebelumnya 0,883 menjadi 0,559 pada λ 440 nm.Hasil GC menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum untuk reaksi enzimatis adalah waktureaksi 24 jam, konsentrasi enzim 1000 unit dan temperatur optimum 50oC. Reaksienzimatik menggunakan lipase komersial dapat meningkatkan kadar omega-3 minyakikan Lemuru yang sebelum reaksi enzimatis ALA 0,110, EPA 0.089 dan DHA 0.01 %setelah reaksi enzimatis berturut turut menjadi menjadi 1,059 (12 kali), 1,61 (18 kalilebih) dan 0.352 % (35 kali lebih). Reaksi enzimtais minyak ikan Lemuru dengan cararancangan RSM-Box Behnken mendekati sebenarnya sampai lebih dari 95%, dengankondisi optimum rancangan temperature, waktu dan agitasi berturut-turut 45oC, 24 jamdan 150 rpm.

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Lemuru fish (Sardinella sp.) is a group of fish that has a high protein and oil content. It

is widespread in East Java waters, especially in Banyuwangi. The present study was

aimed to enrich the omega-3 lemuru fish oil through enzymatic reactions so that it

would increase the economic value of lemuru fish oil, which has been used as the

mixture of animal and fish feed in Muncar (fish oil production center). Lemuru fish oil

was refined using bentonite and activated carbon. The quality of fish oil before and after

purification was determined by analyzing the free fatty acid number, acid value,

peroxide value and iodine value using the titrimetric method, while bleaching analysis

was determined by absorbance value using a spectrophotometer. The enrichment of

omega-3 from fish oil by enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial lipase enzymes was

carried out in the amount of 1 gram of fish oil using a test tube and 160 grams using a 1

L reactor. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with variations in temperature (45-

55°C), time (6-24 hours), concentration enzymes (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 units),

and agitation (50-150 rpm). The omega-3 fatty acid content of fish oil that has been

hydrolyzed with lipase was determined using gas chromatography (GC). The result of

purification using 3% carbon could reduce the peroxide value to zero and the

absorbance value from 0.883 to 0.559 at λ 440 nm. The GC result showed that the

optimum conditions for the enzymatic reaction were 24 hours, 1000 units of enzyme

concentration, and 50°C. The enzymatic reaction using commercial lipases could

increase the omega-3 levels of lemuru fish oil. It was found that before enzymatic

hydrolysis, the concentration of ALA, EPA, and DHA were 0.110%, 0.089%, and

0.01%, respectively. After the enzymatic reaction, the level of ALA, EPA, and DHA

became 1.059% (12 fold), 1.61% (18 fold), and 0.352% (35 fold), respectively. The

enzymatic hydrolysis of lemuru fish oil by using Behnken RSM-Box design approach

was true to more than 95%, with the optimum design conditions of temperature, time,

and agitation were 45°C, 24 hours and 150 rpm, respectively."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2016 mengenai analisisproksimat, uji organoleptik, dan uji fisik pakan ikan hias yang memanfaatkantepung bintang laut mahkota duri (Acanthaster planci) sebagai substitusi proteintepung ikan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membuat formulasi pakanikan hias dengan substitusi tepung A. planci yang memiliki kualitas terbaikberdasarkan analisis proksimat, uji organoleptik, dan uji fisik serta untukmengetahui kandungan gizi dari pakan ikan hias dengan substitusi tepung A.planci tersebut. Pakan yang dibuat yaitu pakan yang mengandung protein sebesar37%, 27%, dan 17% dimana sumber protein yang digunakan berasal dari dedakdan tepung ikan yang sebagian disubstitusi dengan tepung A. planci. Pakansampel dianalisis proksimat (kadar air, protein, lemak, serat kasar, bahan ekstraktanpa nitrogen, kadar abu), uji organoleptik (tekstur, aroma, warna, rasa), dan ujifisik (tingkat kekerasan, kecepatan pecah, kecepatan tenggelam). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kandungan protein sebesar 27% merupakanpakan dengan formulasi terbaik karena memiliki kandungan gizi, kriteriaorganoleptik, dan kriteria fisik yang terbaik

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ABSTRACTA research about proximate analysis, organoleptic and physical test of fish mealcontained crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) powder as a fish powderprotein substitution has been conducted on January until June 2016. The researchaims to produce the best quality fish meal formulation with A. planci powdersubstitute based on data of proximate analysis, organoleptic and physical test aswell as knowing the nutrient content of that fish meal. The meal contain protein of37%, 27%, and 17% made of brans and fish powder that substituted with A. plancipowder. Each fish meal types were subjected to proximate analysis (water content,protein, lipid, fiber, extract materials without nitrogen, ash content), organoleptictest (texture, flavor, color, taste), and physical test (hardness level, cracking speed,sinking speed). The results showed that fish meal of 27% protein was the bestmeal formulation because it?s nutrient content, organoleptic and physical criteriawas better than others."

"The utilization of fisheries and maritime resources in Indonesia has not been done optimally. Therefore, the information about fisheries and maritime resources still becomes a serious problem. The exploration of fisheries and maritime resources should be supported with science and technology in order to determine the accurate, effective, efficient ways in maintaining the sustainability of the resources. Acoustic method is already wellknown as one of the methods in fisheries technology. The observation about Pelagic fish density and distribution using hydro acoustic as well as observation of oceanography condition in the western part of aceh waters conducted on August 6-8, 2005. The instruments used are SIMRAD EK 60 with its Split Beam Acoustic System to observe Pelagic fish density and distribution as well as CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) Seabird model SBE-119 for climate and salinity observation. The collection of data was performed by K.M. Bawal Putih within covering area approximately 5 mile, the distance from coastal area to the offshore is about 35 mile, and 4.898 area of research width in total. The horizontal distribution of pelagic fish is mostly influenced by land condition thus more pelagic fish were found at the neurotic area, which encompasses water mass lying down on the surface of the continent. This area contains same nutrient derived from coastal area. Because of the shallow depth, the water temperature remained warm. The research results show that the highest average density is located on Meulaboh waters (Leg 13, 14, and 15) within the density value about 1752 fish/1000 m3. This condition is predicted due to suitable climate and salinity of waters. The highest temperature was 290 C (temperature average 28,50 C) and the lowest salinity 32,82 PSU, it might be happen because of the runoff from the river (rivers in Meulaboh). However, vertically, most of the density value tend to decline along with the increase of depth, the highest density occur on level 1 (1 to 10 m) about 1745 fishes /1000 m2, whereas the lowest density found on the thermo cline layer at level 9 to 10 (80 - 100m) nearly 343 fishes/1000m3. Its condition can be happened due to the decrease of fish’s tolerant level on physical condition of thermo cline layer such as: temperature effect, salinity, intensity of light and also the decrease of food supplies. Target Strength data indicated that the different variation of fish sizes depends on its depth. On first layer, strength target frequency about 60 -dB 45 Db dominated the waters, it explains that the first level is dominated by small Pelagic fish or others but it has smaller size than deep water fish. Strength target value which is relatively lower was found on near-shore area, while the higher target is quite far from the coastal area. The value of temperature and salinity in the western part of Aceh seas vertically show the same method. The warm-thick isothermal layer was observed between 80 to 120 meters. Horizontally the temperature of sea surface is various from 28,65oC to 30,15oC. The sea surface temperature increases gradually form north to south, and show the decrease from coastal area to Hindia Ocean. Salinity of sea surface on west Aceh seas doesn’t show significant variation, between 32,8 PUS and 33,7 PSU. The salinity of coast area from north to south relatively low and gradually increases to Hindia Ocean. The lowest salinity was found near the Meulaboh waters. Correlation analysis using Spearman's rho test shows a negative correlation between depth parameter and temperature (-0.691), and density of fish (-0.336). It means that water temperature and fish density will decrease in increasing depth. Positive correlation is shown between depth and salinity parameters within number 0.842 it demonstrates that in western aceh seas, there are a big influence of river discharge to the surrounding area especially in lower salinity parameter on the surface."

"Penelitian komunitas ikan yang tertangkap dengan jaring push net dan kaitannya dengan produksi serasah hutan mangrove di Pulau Panjang, Teluk Banten telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober?Desember 2014 saat pasang purnama. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat keanekaragaman dan komunitas ikan serta mengetahui besarnya serasah yang dilepas ke perairan laut dan hubungan antara C, N, P serasah dengan C, N, P Chandidae (famili ikan dominan dalam penelitian). Metode penangkapan ikan dengan push net secara manual dan pemasangan perangkap serasah berupa paralon yang mengarah ke perairan laut di Stasiun 1 dan 2. Hasil tangkapan ikan yaitu 1.770 individu (14 famili, 16 marga, dan 22 spesies). Jumlah terbanyak di Stasiun 1 (1.213) dan bulan November (749). Nilai H? di Stasiun 1 (0,71) dan 2 (0,81) adalah rendah dan sedang, didukung rendahnya nilai E dan tingginya D. Sebanyak 51% ikan yang tertangkap adalah Ambassis gymnocephalus dari famili Chandidae. Ikan komersial yang tertangkap yaitu dari famili Mugilidae dan Serranidae. Mayoritas ikan yang tertangkap juga merupakan ikan penetap sejati (true resident) yaitu berjumlah 1.248 ekor. Biomassa serasah dan Chandidae terbesar yaitu di bulan Desember (219,49 g dan 75,85 g). Sementara Stasiun 1 memberikan biomassa terbesar untuk serasah (162,99 g) dan Stasiun 2 untuk Chandidae (19,14 g). Nilai serasah terbanyak yang dilepas ke laut yaitu pada bulan Desember di Stasiun 1 (47,47 g/m³/s). Nilai koefisien relasi C, N, P serasah dengan C, N, P Chandidae memberikan hasil yang sama yaitu 0,999. Model regresi yang terbentuk berturutturut yaitu Chandidae = 0,889 C Serasah, Chandidae = 11,367 N Serasah, dan Chandidae = 5,407 P Serasah.

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The research of fish community and its correlation with the production of mangrove forest litter in Panjang Island, Banten Bay had been conducted from October to December 2014 while spring tide. The research?s aim was to know the fish diversity and fish community, to identify mangrove litter?s value to the sea and correlation between C, N, P of mangrove litter and C, N, P of Chandidae (the biggest fish family captured). The method was used push net manually active and also water pipes were put to captured mangrove?s litter to the sea at Station 1 and 2. In total, 1770 species were captured (14 families, 16 genera, and 22 species), the most large number were at Station 1 and in November (1.213 and 749 individus). H? value at Station 1 was low (0,71), meanwhile at Station 2 was moderate (0,81). It supported by low E value. 51% fish captured was Ambassis gymnocephalus from Chandidae family. Economic value fish captured were Mugilidae and Serranidae. Mostly fish captured also were true resident fish (1.248). The biggest biomass of mangrove litter was been at Station 1 (162,99 g), while Chandidae was been at Station 2 (19,14 g). The biggest removed mangrove litter to the sea water was in December and Station 1 (47,47 g/m³/s). The Pearson correlation from C, N, P of mangrove litter and C, N, P of Chandidae gave the same value (0,999). The model of Linear Regression were Chandidae = 0,889 C Mangrove litter, Chandidae = 11,367 N Mangrove litter, dan Chandidae = 5,407 P Mangrove litter."