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"Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which is surrounded by its satellite cities Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi.Nonetheless, scarce information are available of the current oral health of children. Objective: The study aims todescribe caries and gingival status among 5 and 12 years old children in Jabodetabek. Jabodetabek is an abbreviationof Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and the satellite cities in its surrounding (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi).Methods: The survey was done in 2014 and had already got ethical approval. Design of this study was crosssectional.Subjects were 5-year-old and 12-year-old Indonesian children living in Jabodetabek, selected using cluster samplingmethod. One trained examiner performed the clinical examination. Caries experience was measured using DMFTindex, severity of decayed teeth was assessed using PUFA index, gingival status and oral hygiene were measuredby Loe and Sillness modified index. Results: A total of 390 5-year-old and 458 12-year-old children with balancedproportion between girls and boys participated in the survey. The prevalence of caries experience among the 5-yearoldchildren and 12-year-old children were 90% and 84% respectively. The mean DMFT and DT scores amongthe 5-year-old children and 12-year-old children were 7.5±5.5 and 6.8±4.8; 3.2±2.2 and 2.9±2.1 respectively. Pulpinvolvement were apparent in 45% and 23% of caries in 5 and 12-year-old children respectively. Most children, 45%5-year-old children and 92% 12-year-old children had substantial amount of plaque. Moreover, 68% 12-year-oldchildren had gingivitis. Conclusion: Dental caries were prevalent among 5 and 12-year-old Indonesian children inJakarta and its satellite cities. The oral health condition of most of the children were poor."

"Latar belakang : Salah satu tindakan pencegahan Early Childhood Caries (ECC) adalah perbaikan status gizi anak karena dengan perbaikan status gizi anak maka gigi tahan terhadap karies serta didukung oleh pola konsumsi kariogenik dan peran ibu dalam mencukupi gizi selama masa kehamilan. Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis hubungan status gizi anak terhadap terjadinya ECC. Metode : Cross-sectional pada 287 anak usia 6-48 bulan, wawancara, dan pemeriksaan intraoral. Hasil : Status gizi anak adalah variabel yang sesuai dalam pencegehan ECC karena merupakan salah satu variabel prediktor yang baik terhadap terjadinya ECC. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan status gizi anak terhadap terjadinya ECC.

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Background : One prevention ECC is improving thr nutritional status of children from the womb due to the improvement of the nutritional status of the children's teeth are resistant to caries and is supported by the pattern of consumption of cariogenic and role of adequate nutrition in the mother during pregnancy.

Purpose : To see the relationship to the nutritional status of children Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

Methods : Cross-sectional study on 287 children aged 6-48 months, interview, and examination intraoral.

Results : Nutritional status of children is appropriate variables in the prevention of ECC because it is one of the predictor variables were either against the ECC.

Summary : There is a relationship to the nutritional status of ECC"

"ABSTRAK Anak dengan gangguan pendengaran mempunyai masalah dalam berkomunikasi yang menimbulkan dampak perkembangan psikologisnya. Hubungan emosional antara ibu dan anak dapat membantu memberikan pengaruh emosi pada anak dengan gangguan pendengaran. Kecemasan terhadap perawatan gigi merupakan masalah psikologis yang sering muncul dan menjadi masalah pada anak dengan gangguan pendengaran. Salivary alpha amylase sAA merupakan biomarker non invasif yang dapat menilai kecemasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa kadar sAA antara ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran usia 4-6 tahun sebelum dan sesudah oral prophylaxis. 21 ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran usia 4-6 tahun ikut dalam penelitian ini. Keduanya duduk bersama di ruang tunggu untuk diambil sAA pertama. sAA kedua diambil setelah anak menerima oral prophylaxis di ruangan yang terpisah dan saat bersamaan sAA ibu diambil diruang tunggu. sAA yang terkumpul kemudian diukur dengan sAA monitor. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Spearmann. Terdapat korelasi positif kadar sAA antara ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran sebelum dan sesudah oral prophylaxis p=0.001 dengan kekuatan koefisien korelasi r=0.817 . Penelitian ini menunjukkan kecemasan ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran berkorelasi sangat kuat sehingga untuk mencapai keberhasilan perawatan dalam kedokteran gigi anak dapat dilakukan pendekatan melalui ibu untuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan anak.ABSTRACT Children with hearing impairment have a communication problem that has impact on their psychological developmental. Stronger emotional relationship between mother and her child can give positive emotional feedback to children with hearing impairment. Dental anxiety is one of psychological problems that often appear in children with hearing impairment. Salivary alpha amylase sAA is a non invasive biomarker that can assess anxiety. The purpose of this research is to analyze sAA level between mothers and their 4 ndash 6 years old children with hearing impairment, before and after oral prophylaxis. 21 mothers and their 4 6 years old children with hearing impairment join this research. Their first sAA was taken while sitting together in the waiting room. Second sAA was taken after the children given oral prophylaxis in the separated room at the same time as mothers rsquo are collected in the waiting room. Collected sAA are measured with sAA monitor. Collected data are analyzed with Spearmann test. There is a positive anxiety correlation between mothers and their children with hearing impairment, before and after oral prophylaxis p 0.001 with correlation coefficient strength r 0.817 . This research showed anxiety of mothers and their children with hearing impairment strongly correlated so that to achieve a successful dental treatment in pediatric dentistry, an approach to mother can reduce dental anxiety level in a child."

"Provinsi Kalimantan Utara yang masih pada tahap daerah pengembangan, khususnya di Desa Pembeliangan dan belum terdapat data mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut, serta kondisi ekonomi dan pendidikan masyarakatnya yang masih memprihatinkan Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan perilaku menyikat gigi pada anak usia 5-8 tahun sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi selama 21 hari Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperiment dengan jenis rancangan Pretest dan Posttest Design. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis data skor plak, pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan dengan uji wilcoxon adalah p=0.000. hasil analisis data kai kuadrat antara skor plak awal dengan jumlah nilai pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan awal adalah p=0.909, sedangkan hasil analisis data kai kuadrat skor plak akhir dengan jumlah nilai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan akhir adalah p=0.041. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan perilaku anak usia 5-8 tahun di Desa Pembeliangan saat sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi, ditandai dengan peningkatan skor plak, pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan.

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The North Borneo Province is a developing area, especially in Desa Pembeliangan, there is no oral health data, economic and education condition still need to be concerned. Objective: Knowing the difference of tooh brushing behavior in children aged 5-8 years before and after the education given for 21 days. Methods: This research use quasi-experiment with pretest and posttest design. Result: Results of the data analysis plaque score, knowledge, attitudes and actions with Wilcoxon test was p=0.000. chi square data analysis between the initial plaque score to the total amount of knowledge, attitudes, ang early action is p=0.909, while the results of the chi square data analysis final plaque score to the total amount of knowledge, attitudes, and the final action is p = 0.041. Conclusion: There is the difference of tooth brushing behavior in children aged 5-8 years before and after education given, characterized by the increase of plaque score, knowledge, attitudes, and actions."

"Indonesian are having oral health disease which relate with oral hygiene. Most of oral health diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental crowding is one type of dental malocclusion that cause those diseases. On the other hand, behaviour has an important role to influence oral health status. The aim of this study to get information about the relation between behaviour and oral hygiene of school children with dental crowding in DKI Jakarta. This study has been done on 277 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children from 5 district at DKI Jakarta. This observasional study has been done by chi-square test. The result has shown that there is no relation between behaviour to oral hygiene of dental crowding school children (p=0,93)."

"ABSTRAKStatus gizi memiliki hubungan timbal balik dengan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat mempengaruhi status gizi anak usia sekolah.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan perilaku perawatan kebersihanmulut dengan status gizi anak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desaincross-sectional dengan 109 responden di SDN Jatisampurna X, Kota Bekasi.Pengambilan sample menggunakan metode proportionate stratified samplerandom sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubunganantara perilaku perawatan kebersihan mulut dengan status gizi anak usia sekolah(p value; 0,334). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pihak sekolah melakukankerjasama dengan puskesmas terdekat untuk mengadakan kegiatan berkala terkaitkebersihan mulut seperti menggosok gigi bersama setiap hari.

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ABSTRACTNutritional status have mutual correlation with oral and dental health. Oral anddental health is factor influencing nutritional status in chool-aged children. Thisresearch was aimed to identify the correlation between behaviour of oral hygieneand nutritional status of school-aged children. This was a cross-sectional desaignstudy with 109 respondents. Samples were recruited using proportionate stratifiedrandom sampling. The result of this study showed that there is no significantcorrelation between behaviour of oral hygiene with nutritional status of schoolagedchildren (p value: 0,334). The author suggests to School cooperate withhealth center implement a oral hygiene practice regularly such as brushing teethtogether everyday."

"Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang dialami oleh anak usia dini disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, namun kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut ini dapat dicegah serta diobati pada tahap awal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persepsi ibu dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak usia dini berdasarkan Health Belief Models. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam menggunakan pedoman pertanyaan yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022-Januari 2023 pada 16 informan meliputi 6 informan utama dan 2 informan dari Sekolah X, 6 informan utama dan 2 informan kunci dari PAUD Y. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan perilaku pencegahan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dilakukan ibu kepada anaknya adalah menyikat gigi, mengurangi makanan dan minuman manis, dan pemeriksaan rutin ke dokter gigi. Perilaku tersebut dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kerentanan dan persepsi bahaya/kesakitan terhadap penyakit gigi dan mulut, persepsi manfaat dan hambatan untuk melakukan perilaku tersebut, memiliki kemampuan melakukan perilaku tersebut, dan adanya isyarat untuk melakukannya yang berasal dari kesadaran diri, pengalaman terkena penyakit gigi, dukungan orang sekitar, dan program sekolah. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan untuk meningkatkan perilaku ibu dalam mengupayakan pencegahan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak.

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Oral diseases experienced by young children are caused by many factors, but these oral health conditions can be prevented and treated at an early stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze parent's perceptions in carrying out preventive actions for young children's oral health issues based on the Health Belief Models. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews using question guidelines carried out in December 2022-January 2023 on 16 informants including 6 main informants and 2 informants from School X, 6 main informants and 2 key informants from PAUD Y. The results showed that the preventive behavior of oral health issues carried out by parents to their children was brushing teeth, reducing sugary foods and drinks, and regular checks to the dentist. These behaviors are influenced by perceptions of susceptibility and perceptions of severity to oral and dental disease, perceptions of benefits and barriers to performing these behaviors, having the self-efficacy to perform these behaviors, and the presence of cues to action which come from self-awareness, experience of dental disease, support from surrounding people, and school’s programs. For this reason, it is necessary to improve parental behavior in seeking to prevent children's oral health issues."

"Data epidemiologi surveilan harus memiliki nilai validitas dan reliabilitas tinggi. Indek CAST berpotensi sebagai alat penilaian epidemiologi karies gigi. Perawat gigi termasuk tenaga pelaksana upaya kesehatan gigi dalam program skrining. Tujuan: mendapatkan tingkat kesesuaian antara perawat gigi dan dokter gigi dalam menilai kebutuhan perawatan karies gigi anak umur 6-12 tahun menggunakan indek CAST. Uji diagnostik pendekatan crossectional pada 95 anak 6-12 tahun, pemeriksaan klinik, analisis pearson korelasion, ICC dan ROC. Tingkat kesesuaian antar pengamat baik (ICC 0,59-0,97). Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas cukup baik (sensitivitas 70-100%), dan spesifisitas (51-100%). Perawat gigi dapat menjadi salah satu tenaga epidemiologi suveilans dalam penilaian kebutuhan perawatan karies menggunakan indek CAST.

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Epidemiological surveillance data should have high values in validity and reliability. Index CAST were a potential epidemiology tools for dental caries assessment. Dental nurses are the executive personnel for screening programs in dental health care. To get the compatibility between dentists and dental nurses in assessing care needs of dental caries by using CAST index in children 6-12 years old.Diagnostic test with Cross Sectional approach, samples consists of 95 children between 6-12 years old, clinical examination, and all data analyzed by Pearson correlation, ICC and ROC tests respectively. There are good level of concordance between the observers (ICC 0.59 to 0.97) and the sensitivity and specificity values were good enough (sensitivity 70-100%) and specificity (51- 100%). Dental nurse can be one of the surveillance epidemiologists in the assessment of dental caries care needs by using CAST index."

"ABSTRAKKaries pada anak usia sekolah mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah pengetahuan dan kesadaran pentingnya perawatan kesehatan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dengan perilaku perawatan gigi padaanak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelatif. Responden penelitian berjumlah 156 anak usia sekolah di SDN Pondok Cina 4 Depok. Pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dengan perilaku perawatan gigi pada anakusia sekolah di SDN Pondok Cina 4 Depok (p value: 0,013). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan institusi kesehatan, institusi pendidikan, dan orang tua untuk meningkatkan muatan informasi terkait kesehatan gigi dan perawatan gigi pada anak usia sekolah sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya karies gigi

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abstract Caries in school-age children increases every year. One of the factors that affects the dental caries are knowledge and awareness of the importance dental health care. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between the levels of dental health knowledge with the behavior of doing dental care. This study used descriptive correlative design. Sample of this study are 142 school age children in SDN Pondok Cina 4 Depok. Stratified random sampling is used as the samplingtechniques. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between level of dental health knowledge with dental care behavior of school-age children in SDN Pondok Cina 4 Depok (p value: 0.013). The study recommends to health care institutions, educational institutions, and parents to enhance the information content related to dental health and dental care at school-age children to prevent the occurrence of dental caries."

"Latar Belakang: Kebersihan rongga mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan perkembangan karies gigi dan periodontitis. Lingkungan rongga mulut yang meliputi saliva mengandung berbagai faktor host defense dengan pH yang dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa hubungan biomarker saliva dengan penyakit rongga mulut dimana pH saliva dapat meningkat atau menurun akibat aktivitas mikroba. Dalam mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri yang berlebihan, nitrat dan nitrit dalam saliva berperan dalam pembentukan nitrogen monoksida (NO) dengan potensi efek protektif, terutama dalam proses fisiologis tubuh manusia. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan pH saliva. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorik dan observasional menggunakan 20 sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda usia 18-30 tahun di provinsi Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta. Sampel saliva subjek diuji dengan Griess Reaction untuk mengukur kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) dan dibaca menggunakan plate reader pada panjang gelombang 600 nm. Selanjutnya, data diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Nilai korelasi antara kadar nitrogen monoksida dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (r) sebesar 0,390 dengan p>0,05 dan nilai korelasi antara kadar nitrogen monoksida dengan pH saliva (r) sebesar -0,53 dengan p>0,05. Kesimpulan: Kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) pada sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan pH saliva, serta tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda baik berdasarkan kategori OHI-S maupun jika dibandingkan dengan sampel saliva kelompok anak.

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Background: Poor oral hygiene can cause the development of dental caries and periodontitis. The oral cavity environment which includes saliva contains various host defense factors with salivary pH which can be used to examine the relationship between salivary biomarkers and oral disease where salivary pH can increase or decrease due to microbial activity. In preventing excessive bacterial growth, nitrates and nitrites in saliva play a role in the formation of nitric oxide (NO) with potential protective effects, especially in the physiological processes of the human body. Aim: To analyze the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) levels on dental and oral hygiene (OHI-S) and salivary pH. Methods: This research is a laboratory and observational study using 20 saliva samples from a group of young adults aged 18-30 years in the provinces of West Java and DKI Jakarta. The subject’s saliva samples were tested with Griess Reaction and read using a plate reader at a wavelength of 600 nm. Furthermore, the data was processed using SPSS. Results: The correlation value of r was 0,390 with p>0,05 between nitric oxide levels and oral hygiene and the correlation value of r was -0,53 with p>0,05 between nitric oxide levels and salivary pH. Conclusion: Nitric oxide (NO) levels in saliva samples from the young adult group are not related to oral hygiene (OHI-S) and salivary pH, and there are no mean differences either based on the OHI-S category or when compared with saliva samples from the children’s group.

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