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"Oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis may find in periodontal lesions, deep seated infection, and infective endocarditis that are usually dominated by anaerobes. This bacterium caused cell death on some cells but host responses to this species remained unclear. Objective: This study was aimed to detect cell morphologicalchange and role of caspase-3 in cell death mechanism induced by S. sanguinis. Methods: HeLa cells as representative model for oral epithelial cells were exposed to 107 cells/ml bacteria for 48 h. Morphological change was observed microscopically after hematoxyline-eosin staining. Expression of active caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemical analysis after cell stimulation for 36 and 48 h with wild type supragingival S. sanguinis. Doxorubicin (0.5625 μg/ml) was used as positive control for caspase-3 activation. Results: The results showed cell shrinkage of bacterial-treated cells; and active caspase-3 molecules were detected after 36 and 48 hours cell stimulation. Conclusion: This study would suggest cell shrinkage and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death induced by S. sanguinis."

"Tujuan Studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipoksia terhadap pola ekspresi gen HIF-1α pada jantung tikus serta mengamati timbulnya apoptosis pada kardiomiosit akibat hipoksia sistemik.Metode Hewan coba (tikus Sprague-Dawley) dibagi secara acak menjadi 7 kelompok (n= 4 per kelompok): kelompok kontrol normoksia (oksigen atmosfir), dan beberapa kelompok hipoksia yang ditempatkan dalam sungkup-hipoksik (kadar O2 8%) selama 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Pemeriksaan ekspresi gen HIF-1α dilakukan dengan real-time PCR dan apoptosis dengan metode TUNEL.Hasil Dibandingkan dengan kelompok normoksia, ekspresi gen HIF-1α meningkat secara bertahap sejalan dengan lamanya hipoksia dan mencapai puncak pada hari ke-21. Tidak ada sel yang terlabel dengan cara TUNEL pada kelompok kontrol. Dibandingkan dengan kontrol, indeks apoptotik meningkat sejalan dengan lamanya hipoksia. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara peningkatan ekspresi HIF-1α dengan peningkatan indeks apoptotik.Kesimpulan Hipoksia sistemik kronik mengakibatkan peningkatan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α dan apoptosis pada kardiomiosit.

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AbstractAim This study explored the expression of HIF-1α in hypoxic cardiac muscle in mice, and observed the evidence of apoptosis in hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, were randomized into 7 groups (n= 4 per group): control normoxia group that was exposed to atmospheric oxygen and hypoxia groups that were housed in hypoxic chambers (O2 level 8%) for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days respectively. Animals were sacrificed, hearts were rapidly excised, total RNA was extracted with an mRNA isolation kit and the expression of HIF-1α mRNA was then detected by real-time RT-PCR. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL method.Results For rat in hypoxia group, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in cardiac myocytes was clearly up-regulated compared to the control normoxia group. Further, HIF-1α expression level elevated gradually and reached a peak at 21 days of hypoxia. No cell labeled by the TUNEL method was detected in the control group. Compared with the control group, the apoptotic index was significantly increased in the hypoxia group (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the elevation of HIF-1α mRNA and the elevation of apoptotic index.Conclusion Systemic chronic hypoxia caused the elevation of HIF-1α mRNA and apoptosis in cardiac myocytes."

"Mahkota Dewa as a traditional plant has been commonly used as traditional cancer medication. However, themechanism of usage is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to know the mechanism of the protection effect ofMahkota Dewa on Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM cell line. The result showed BaP inducedcell death with in CCRF-CEM cell line was dose-dependent but not based on time-course. Exposure of this cell for 24 hwith variation of dose between 5-20 μM increased the percentage of apoptosis to about 15%. On the other hand,Mahkota Dewa itself has dose-dependently induced cytotoxicity and has no effect in the inhibition of BaP exposure.Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in both BaP and Mahkota Dewa induced cytotoxicity has been seen but the involvementof oxidative stress is unclear. However, in other cancer cell line SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, the inhibitionefffect of Mahkota Dewa in BaP exposure has been seen and no cytotoxicity effect appeared in this cell line. Inconclusion, Mahkota Dewa has induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cancer cell line but not in SH-SY5Y cell line, so ithas a potential anticancer effect; Mahkota Dewa, however, requires more researches on DNA level using other type ofcancer to observe the mechanism.Efek Penghambatan Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) pada Sitotoksisitas CCRF-CEM Cell Lines yangTerpajan oleh Benzo(a)pyrene. Mahkota Dewa adalah tumbuhan tradisional yang umumnya digunakan sebagai obatkanker tradisional. Namun belum terdapat kejelasan mengenai mekanisme penggunaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui mekanisme efek proteksi Mahkota Dewa pada sitotoksisitas CCRF-CEM cell line yang terpajan olehBenzo(a)pyrene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kematian sel dalam CCRF-CEM cell line yang diinduksi oleh BaPterjadi secara dependen terhadap dosis, tetapi bukan didasari oleh jangka waktunya. Paparan sel ini dibiarkan selama 24jam dengan dosis bervariasi antara 5-20 μM dan mengakibatkan peningkatan persentase apoptosis sampai sekitar 15%.Di lain pihak, Mahkota Dewa itu sendiri telah menginduksi sitotoksisitas secara dependen terhadap dosis, dan tidakditemukan efek terhadap penghambatan paparan BaP. Fosforilasi p38 MAPK baik dalam BaP dan sitotoksisitas yangterpajan oleh Mahkota Dewa telah terlihat. Akan tetapi keterlibatan stress oksidatif tidak jelas terlihat. Meskipundemikian, dalam cell line kanker lainnya seperti SH-SY5Y sel neuroblastoma manusia, efek penghambatan MahkotaDewa dalam paparan BaP telah terlihat dan tidak terdapat adanya efek sitotoksisitas yang muncul di cell line ini.Sebagai kesimpulan, Mahkota Dewa telah menginduksi apoptosis pada cell line kanker CCRF-CEM. Namun apoptosistidak diinduksi pada SH-SY5Y cell line sehingga tumbuhan ini berpotensi memiliki efek antikanker. Meskipundemikian, perlu lebih banyak penelitian mengenai Mahkota Dewa pada level DNA dengan menggunakan jenis kankerlainnya agar mekanismenya dapat diobservasi."

"ABSTRAKManifestasi klinis yang menonjol pada demam berdarah dengue adalah kebocoran plasma karena gangguan pada sel endotel vaskular. Anti NS-1 dapat bereaksi silang dengan Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) pada sel endotel. Jambu biji biasa digunakan untuk mengatasi gejala dengue namun belum pernah ada penelitian secara in vitro untuk mengetahui mekanisme senyawa aktif yaitu lycopene yang terdapat di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah lycopene dapat menurunkan apoptosis yang ditandai dengan Annexin V dan Heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1). Penelitian ini menggunakan kultur Human Umbillical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) yang diberi stimulasi anti NS-1 dan terdiri atas 5 perlakuan yaitu kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan lycopene dosis 0.5, 1 dan 2 μM. Kontrol positif adalah HUVEC yang diberi anti NS-1 dan basitrasin karena basitrasin sudah diketahui bekerja sebagai anti PDI dan dapat menghambat apoptosis. Kontrol negatif adalah kultur HUVEC yang diberi anti NS-1 tanpa perlakuan lycopene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya Annexin V pada kontrol positif menunjukkan hasil yang rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa lycopene dengan dosis 0.5, 1 dan 2 μM tidak dapat menghambat apoptosis. Kadar HO-1 pada semua perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa baik basitrasin maupun lycopene tidak mempengaruhi metabolisme HO-1. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa lycopene dengan dosis dosis 0.5, 1 dan 2 μM tidak menunjukkan pengaruh dalam apoptosis sel endotel setelah terjadi infeksi dengue.

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ABSTRACTProminent clinical manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever is plasma leakage due to malfunction of endothelial cells. There is cross reaction between anti NS-1 and Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) on endothelial cells. Psidium guajava is commonly used to improve condition in dengue symptoms but there is no research yet that study the in vitro mechanism how lycopene, a compound in Psidium guajava, works in this case. So this study aimed to know whether lycopene will decrease apoptosis of endothelial cells marked by Annexin V and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) This study used Human umbillical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that given anti NS-1 stimulation and consisted of positive control, negative control and lycopene treatment with 0.5, 1 and 2 μM dose. Positive control is HUVEC with anti NS-1 and bacitracin that known act as anti PDI and inhibit apoptosis. Negative control is HUVEC with anti NS-1. Results showed that Annexin V only in positive control had lower Annexin V significantly compared to other treatments. This showed that lycopene 0.5,1 and 2 μM was not able to inhibit apoptosis. HO-1 in all treatments did not show significant difference. This showed that either bacitracin nor lycopene did not give effect to HO-1 metabolism. It was concluded that lycopene with 0.5, 1 dan 2 μM dose has no effect in endothelial cell apoptosis after dengue infection."

"Pendahuluan: Asam galat adalah salah satu senyawa aktif yang dapat menyebabkan apoptosis pada sel kanker paru manusia. Aktivitas antikanker paru yang mengesankan dari asam galat mendorong dilakukannya penelitian untuk menguji aktivitas sitotoksik senyawa turunan asam galat (alkil amida galat) terhadap sel kanker paru A549. Metode: Enam senyawa alkil amida galat hasil sintesis, yaitu Senyawa metil amida galat, etil amida galat, butil amida galat, sek-butil amida galat, ters-butil amida galat, dan heksil amida galat diuji aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker paru A549 dengan metode MTT Proliferation assay. Data yang dihasilkan dianalisa menggunakan analisis regresi linear untuk mendapatkan nilai IC50. Hasil uji aktivitas sitotoksik senyawa alkil amida galat hasil sintesis dibandingkan dengan hasil uji aktivitas sitotoksik asam galat sebagai senyawa asli dan doxorubicin selaku kontrol positif. Hasil: Jika dibandingkan dengan asam galat (IC50: 23.2 μM) dan doxorubicin (IC50: 31.1 μM), keenam senyawa alkil amida galat, yaitu metil amida galat, etil amida galat, butil amida galat, sek-butil amida galat, ters-butil amida galat, dan heksil amida galat memperlihatkan sitotoksisitas yang lebih kuat terhadap sel kanker paru A549 dengan nilai IC50 berkisar dari 5.4 μM hingga 30.0 μM. Kesimpulan: Enam senyawa alkil amida galat berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen antikanker paru.

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Objective: Gallic acid has shown its potential to induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Its impressive anti-lung cancer agent prompted us to conduct research that is aimed to evaluate six alkyl amide derivatives of gallic acid against lung cancer A549 cells.

Methods: six synthesized compounds of alkyl amide gallate, which are methyl amide gallate, ethyl amide gallate, butyl amide gallate, sec-butyl gallate, ters-butyl gallate and hexyl amide gallate, will be evaluated their cytotoxicities agains lung A549 cells by MTT Proliferation assay. Linear regression analysis is used to analyzed the data to generate IC50 value. Cytotoxicity results of alkyl amide gallates will be compared with cytotoxicity result of gallic acid as an original compound and with doxorubicin as positive control.

Results: Compared with gallic acid (IC50 23.2 μM) and doxorubicin (IC50 31.1 μM), six derivatives of aklyl amide gallates (methyl-, butyl-, sec-butyl-, ters- butyl, and hexyl amide gallate) shows better cytotoxic activity against lung A549 cells, with IC50 value range from 5.4 μM to 30.0 μM.

Conclusion: Six compounds of Alkyl amide gallate could be further developed as anti-lung cancer agent."

"Objective: Carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate occurs due to dysregulation of zinc level within the cells.Intracellular zinc molecules influx is regulated by a transporter protein ZIP1, whose non-presence is predicted to inhibitapoptosis, thus leads to the development of prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods: This study was aimed to analyze thecorrelation of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma on its grading as represented by GleasonScore. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study on 31 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue thatmeets inclusion criteria. The specimen was stained using the immune-histochemistry technique for ZIP1 and Caspase-3.Protein expression of each case was counted using ImageJ analysis. Gleason score was acquired as secondary data fromthe cases’s reports. The correlation of their expression with respect to Gleason score was analyzed with Pearson’scorrelation using SPSS 11.5. Results: Mean expression level of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 in prostate adenocarcinoma were35% and 33%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression(r = 0.379; p = 0.018). However, their correlation was stronger in intermediate-grade group (r = 0.73; p = 0.01) and thecorrelation was much weaker in high-grade group (r = 0.04; p = 0.48). Conclusions: There was a positive correlationbetween ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma."

"[Pendahuluan: Proses karsinogenesis adenokarsinoma prostat terjadi akibat disregulasi kadar zinc dalam sel. Molekul zinc intrasel berperan dalam metabolisme aerob mitokondria dan induksi apoptosis. Penyerapan zinc diatur oleh protein ZIP1, berperan meningkatkan kandungan zinc sitoplasmik intrasel dengan membawa zinc dari cairan ekstrasel. Kadar zinc yang tinggi dan ekspresi protein ZIP1 banyak ditemukan pada epitel prostat normal, sedangkan pada kanker prostat ditemukan sedikit atau tidak ada ekspresi protein ZIP1. Penurunan ekspresi ZIP1 diduga dapat menghambat apoptosis, serta memacu perkembangan adenokarsinoma prostat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi ekspresi protein ZIP1 dan Caspase- 3 pada jaringan adenokarsinoma prostat berdasarkan Gleason score yang berbeda. Metode: Desain studi analitik retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 31 sediaan blok parafin adenokarsinoma prostat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sediaan dipulas menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia untuk mengetahui ekspresi protein ZIP1 dan caspase-3. Ekspresi protein pada pulasan slide dihitung menggunakan program imageJ. Gleason score sebagai data sekunder yang didapatkan dari laporan kasus. Korelasi ekspresi kedua protein berdasarkan Gleason score dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson menggunakan SPSS 11.5. Hasil: Rerata positivitas ekspresi ZIP1 pada adenokarsinoma prostate adalah 35% dan rerata positivitas caspase-3 adalah 33%. Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan caspase-3 (r = 0.379 , p = 0,018). Terdapat korelasi positif antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan caspase-3 pada kelompok intermediate grade (r = 0.73, p = 0.01) dan korelasi lemah tidak bermakna pada kelompok high grade (r = 0.04, p = 0.48). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan ekspresi caspase- 3 pada adenokarsinoma prostat.

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, Introduction: Carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate occurs due to dysregulation of zinc level within the cells. Intracellular zinc molecules contributes to mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. Its influx is regulated by a transporter protein ZIP1, whose non-presence is predicted to inhibit apoptosis, thus leads to the development of prostate adenocarcinoma. This study was aimed to analyze the correlation of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma with respect to its grading as represented by Gleason Score. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study on 31 formalyn-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue that meet inclusion criteria. The specimen was stained using immunohistochemical technique for ZIP1 and Caspase-3. Protein expression of each case were counted using ImageJ analysis. Gleason score were acquired as secondary data from the cases’ reports. The correlation of their expression with respect of Gleason score were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation using SPSS 11.5.

Results: Mean expression level of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 in prostate adenocarcinoma were 35% and 33%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression (r=0.379; p=0.018). However, their correlation was stronger in intermediate-grade group (r=0.73; p=0.01) and the correlation was much weaker in high-grade group (r=0.04; p=0.48).

Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between ZIP1 and caspase-3 expression in adenocarcinoma prostate.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh work engagement dan resistensi perubahan (resistance to change) dengan komitmen afektif untuk perubahan (affective commitment to change) dan intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan komitmen afektif untuk perubahan. Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan yang bergerak di layanan kebandaraan dengan partisipan dikhususkan pada karyawan operasional yang melibatkan sebanyak 260 karyawan. Pengambilan data partisipan dilakukan melalui kuesioner daring dengan kuesioner yang terdiri atas komitmen afektif untuk perubahan, resistensi perubahan dan work engagement. hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa resistensi perubahan memiliki hubungan negatif dan signifikan dengan komitmen afektif untuk perubahan. Work engagement juga memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan. Dari hasil regresi didapatkan bahwa pada penelitian ini, pengaruh resistensi perubahan dengan komitmen afektif untuk perubahan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pengaruh work engagement. Pada penelitian ini, intervensi pelatihan komunikasi perubahan telah dilakukan pada karyawan operasional (22 orang) dengan hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan perubahan organisasi secara signifikan melalui evaluasi level 2.

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This study was aimed to determine the influence of work engagement and resistance to change on affective commitment to change and training intervention design to enhance affective commitment to change. The research was conducted at airport services company with participants of operational employees as 260 employees. The data was collected by online questionnaire with a questionnaire consisting of affective commitment to change, resistance to change and work engagement. The results showed resistance to change has a significant negative relationship with affective commitment to change. Work engagement also has a significant positive relationship with affective commitment to change. In this study, the result using regression show that resistance to change was better effect on affective commitment to change than work engagement. Following this study the intervention was done for operational employees (22 peoples) on change communication, and the results showed that change communication intervention increased knowledge of organizational change significantly through evaluation level 2."

"Tesis ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang analisis penerapan diversi dalam tahap penyidikan tindak pidana kekerasan fisik yang dilakukan oleh penyidik Satreskrim pada Kepolisian Resor Metro Jakarta Selatan (Polres Metro Jaksel) terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum (AKH) pada tahap penyidikan yang belum memberikan hasil maksimal dalam melindungi anak secara hukum. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif yang bersumber dari data primer dan sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara informan primer, observasi dan telaahan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama, pelaksanaan diversi di Satreskrim Polres Metro Jaksel belum sejalan dengan semangat diversi sebagaimana diatur dalam UU SPPA. Kedua, terdapat beberapa faktor yang mendorong terwujudnya pelaksanaan diversi di Satreskrim Polres Metro Jaksel yaitu: (1) adanya keinginan dari pelaku maupun korban untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan melalui musyawarah mufakat; (2) adanya kesediaan dari korban maupun keluarganya untuk bertemu dan bermusyawarah dengan pelaku dan atau keluarganya; dan (3) adanya kesepakatan yang dicapai antara pelaku dan korban dalam penyelesaian perselisihan melalui musyawarah. Ketiga, pada masa mendatang, penyidik Satreskrim Polres Metro Jaksel dapat menerapkan model diversi musyawarah masyarakat yang melibatkan polisi, pelaku dan/atau orangtua/ walinya, korban dan/atau orangtua/walinya, pembimbing kemasyarakatan dan masyarakat (tokoh masyarakat atau dari pihak sekolah) sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh UU SPPA. Model musyawarah mufakat memberikan kesempatan bagi seluruh pihak untuk memberikan pandangan mengenai pentingnya penyelesaian perselisihan melalui pendekatan keadilan restoratif bagi pelaku dan korban beserta keluarga maupun masyarakat agar hubungan kedua belah pihak dapat dipulihkan kembali seperti sedia kala.

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The thesis is a result of research on the analysis of the implementation of diversion in the investigation stage of a criminal act of physical violence carried out by investigators of the South Jakarta Metro Police (Polres Metro Jaksel) especially Satreskrim Branch against a child in conflict with the law (AKH) at the investigation stage which has not provided maximum results in protecting child legally. This research was conducted by descriptive-qualitative method sourced from primary and secondary data with data collection methods carried out by primary informant interviews, observation and document review. The results of the study show, first, that the implementation of diversion at the Satreskrim South Jakarta Metro Police is not in line with the spirit of diversion as regulated in the SPPA Law. Second, there are several factors that encourage the realization of the implementation of diversion at the Satreskrim South Jakarta Metro Police, namely: (1) the desire of the perpetrators and victims to resolve disputes through deliberation and consensus; (2) the willingness of the victim and his family to meet and discuss with the perpetrator and or his family; and (3) an agreement was reached between the perpetrator and the victim in the settlement of disputes through deliberation. Third, in the future, Satreskrim of South Jakarta Metro Police investigators can apply a community consultation diversion model involving the police, perpetrators and/or their parents/guardians, victims and/or their parents/guardians, community advisors and the community (community leaders or from the school) as mandated by the SPPA Act. The consensus deliberation model provides an opportunity for all parties to provide their views on the importance of resolving disputes through a restorative justice approach for perpetrators and victims and their families and communities so that the relationship between the two parties can be restored to stage previously. "

"Kanker serviks termasuk salah satu jenis kanker dengan tingkat prevalensi kasus yang tinggi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan GLOBOCAN 2020, ditemukan 36.633 (36% dari total kasus kanker pada wanita) kasus kanker serviks baru dan 21.003 kematian. Pengobatan terhadap kanker serviks saat ini masih menimbulkan efek samping seperti resistensi obat pada sejumlah kasus sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan. Salah satu senyawa yang memiliki potensi antikanker, yaitu Eucalyptol. Eucalyptol adalah senyawa utama dalam tumbuhan eukaliptus seperti Eucalyptus globulus. Studi pengaruh konsentrasi eucalyptol terhadap viabilitas dan deteksi apoptosis sel HeLa dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 25, 50, 100 dan 200 μg/mL. Uji viabilitas dengan WST-1 menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi eucalyptol tersebut belum dapat menekan viabilitas sel HeLa (p>0,05 dengan uji ANOVA). Selanjutnya, deteksi apoptosis (menggunakan pewarna Annexin V-FITC) dengan mikroskop fluoresens menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi eucalyptol dapat menginduksi apoptosis dibandingkan nekrosis. Meskipun demikian, belum dilakukan pengamatan pada sel hidup sehingga tidak diketahui persentase sel apoptosis dan nekrosis dalam populasi total. Pengujian lanjutan dengan pewarna DAPI yang mewarnai sel hidup dan metode kuantifikasi lainnya untuk validasi hasil pengamatan dengan mikroskop fluoresens diperlukan.

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Cervical cancer is one type of cancer with a high case prevalence rate in Indonesia. Based on GLOBOCAN 2020, found 36,633 (36% of total cancer cases in women) new cervical cancer cases and 21,003 deaths. Treatment of cervical cancer is currently still causing side effects such as drug resistance in a number of cases so that alternative treatment is needed. One of the compounds that have anticancer potential is Eucalyptol. Eucalyptol is the main compound in eucalyptus plants such as Eucalyptus globulus. The study of the effect of eucalyptol concentration on the viability and detection of apoptosis of HeLa cells was carried out at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 g/mL. The viability test with WST-1 showed that the variation in eucalyptol concentration had not been able to suppress HeLa cell viability (p>0.05 by ANOVA test). Furthermore, detection of apoptosis (using Annexin V-FITC dye) by fluorescent microscopy showed that variations in eucalyptol concentration could induce apoptosis rather than necrosis. However, no observations have been made on living cells so that the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the total population is unknown. Further testing with DAPI dye that stains living cells and other quantification methods for validation of observations by fluorescent microscopy is required.

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