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"ABSTRAKBerdasarkan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata, tiap perbuatan yang melanggar hukum danmembawa kerugian kepada orang lain, mewajibkan orang yang menimbulkankerugian itu karena kesalahannya untuk menggantikan kerugian tersebut. Namundalam praktiknya pada zaman sekarang, tuntutan ganti rugi yang diajukan tidaklahselalu dikabulkan oleh Majelis Hakim. Kondisi ini sangatlah berbeda jikadibandingkan pada era 1980 s.d. 1990-an, dimana gugatan ganti rugi kepada pihakyang terbukti bersalah melakukan tindak perbuatan melawan hukum khususnyapenipuan dalam perkawinan cenderung banyak dikabulkan. Oleh karena itu tujuandiadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami konsep pertimbangan MajelisHakim dalam memutus perkara terkait permintaan ganti rugi penipuan dalamperkawinan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif denganpendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), perbandingan (comparativeapproach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,dikarenakan kurangnya penegasan di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan terkaitsanksi perbuatan melawan hukum dalam perkawinan, muncullah ketidakkonsistenanpada Majelis Hakim dalam memutus kasus tersebut yang dapat dilihatada perbedaan yang cukup jelas pada era 1980 s.d. 1990-an dengan era 2000-anhingga sekarang. Asas kepatutan dan rasa keadilan yang disesuaikan dengankondisi masyarakat menjadi salah satu faktor penentu keputusan Hakim, sehinggaapabila kondisi masyarakat berubah pun akan mempengaruhi hukum yangberlaku.

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ABSTRACTUnder article 1365 Indonesia Civil Code (ICC), every act that violates the lawand bring harm to others, requires that the person causing the loss that caused byhis mistake to replace those losses. However, in practice in current times, claimsfor compensation filed is not always granted by the judges. This condition is verydifferent than in the 1980s s.d. 1990s, where tort to the person found guilty ofcommitting umlawful acts, especially in a marriage fraud tends to be granted.Therefore the aim of this study was to understand the concept of consideration ofthe judges in deciding the case related to demand compensation fraud in marriage.This research is a normative juridical, with an approach in legislation (statuteapproach), comparison (comparative approach) and aprroaches in cases (caseapproach). Based on the results of the study, due to the lack of confirmation in thelegislation related to unlawful acts in marriage, there was inconsistency in thepanel of judges in deciding such cases that can be seen there are considerabledifferences evident in the 1980s to 1990s with the 2000s era to the present. Meritand sense of justice that is adapted to the conditions of society becomes adetermining factor for the judge's decision, therefore, if there was any change insociety it will affect the applicable law."

""ABSTRAK"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pembatalan perkawinan akibat salah sangka mengenai diri suami. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada analisis yang dilakukan terhadap putusan No. 1103K/Pdt/2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk penelitian yuridis normatif dengan tipologi penelitian deskriptif analitis dan pendekatan kualitatif. Perkawinan dapat dibatalkan, apabila para pihak tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk melangsungkan perkawinan. Kasus tersebut bermula dari diketahuinya hasil test DNA yang menyatakan bahwa Tergugat berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sebelum melakukan perkawinan dengan Penggugat, Tergugat telah merubah status jenis kelaminnya dari perempuan menjadi laki-laki. Mengenai perubahan status jenis kelamin tersebut, Tergugat tidak pernah memberitahu Penggugat. Kenyataan bahwa perkawinan tersebut adalah perkawinan antara sesama jenis dan terdapat salah sangka mengenai diri suami merupakan bukti tidak terpenuhinya syarat perkawinan sehingga perkawinan tersebut dapat dibatalkan. Penulis menyarankan kepada setiap pasangan yang akan melangsungkan perkawinan untuk lebih terbuka kepada pasangannya."

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""ABSTRACT"This thesis discusses an annulment of marriage due to misunderstand about the husband. The study focused on the analysis of the decision no. 1103 K Pdt 2014. This study uses a form of normative juridical research with research typology descriptive and qualitative approach. A marriage may be nullified by non fulfilment of the preconditions for marriage on the part of either of the parties. The case starts from the knowing of DNA test result stating that the gender status of the Defendant is female. Prior to his marriage to the Plaintiff, the Defendant had changed his gender status from female to male. Regarding the change of gender status, the Defendant never told about that to the plaintiff. The fact that the marriage is a same sex marriage and there is a misunderstand about the husband is proof of non fulfillment of marital terms in order for the marriage to be annuled. The author suggests to every couple who will held a marriage to be more open to the partner."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai putusan Hakim tentang ganti rugi materiil dan imateriil oleh maskapai penerbangan khususnya pembatalan jadwal penerbangan. Penelitian hukum yang dilakukan berbentuk normatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan terkait permasalahan yang ada. Pada permasalahan tersebut, Hakim tidak memberikan ganti rugi materiil yang sesuai karena peraturan yang digunakan tidak relevan dengan keadaan saat itu. Sementara itu tidak terdapat pengaturan khusus dalam pemberian ganti rugi imateriil, sehingga Hakim berwenang untuk memutuskan berdasarkan keyakinan dan rasa keadilan.

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ABSTRACT

;The focus of this study is to describe the Judge?s decision regarding the material and immaterial compensation performed by airline, particularly about its flight cancellations. This study applies the normative form of study, by using literature research associated with existing problems. In this problem, the Judge did not give suitable material compensation because the rules applied was irrelevant with the current context back then. On the other hand, there are no specified rules in regulating immaterial compensation, so the Judge has the authority to decide based on assurance and equity., The focus of this study is to describe the Judge’s decision regarding the material and immaterial compensation performed by airline, particularly about its flight cancellations. This study applies the normative form of study, by using literature research associated with existing problems. In this problem, the Judge did not give suitable material compensation because the rules applied was irrelevant with the current context back then. On the other hand, there are no specified rules in regulating immaterial compensation, so the Judge has the authority to decide based on assurance and equity.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai studi kasus pada Putusan Nomor 54/PDT.G./2020/PN.UNR di Pengadilan Ungaran, pembuatan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli yang melanggar Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris yang berlaku dengan tidak memberikan salinan akta, tidak membacakan akta, dan tidak ada saksi pada saat penandatanganan pihak pertama, lebih jauh pada kasus tersebut alasan dibuatnya akta PPJB atas ketidaktahuan pihak kedua yang mana bisa mengarah pada tindak pidana penipuan dan perbuatan melawan hukum, Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai unsur-unsur perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Notaris dari sisi pidana dan perdata, implikasi perbuatan melawan hukum terhadap pihak ketiga selaku pembeli atas tanah objek sengketa terkait kasus tersebut, dan pertanggungjawaban Notaris atas pelanggaran jabatan Notaris atas tindakan yang dilakukan pada Putusan Nomor 54/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Unr. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut digunakan metode penelitian, yaitu hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan analitis (analytical approach). Simpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah pertama unsur-unsur dalam pidana dan perdata pada tindakan Notaris telah terpenuhi dan dapat dituntut atas tanggung jawab Notaris. Kedua, Atas perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan notaris menimbulkan kerugian besar baik dari segi materil maupun immaterial dan pihak ketiga harus memberikan kembali tanah tersebut kepada Pihak SW. Ketiga, pertanggungjawaban atas tindakan Notaris dapat dikenakan pemberhentian tidak hormat atas tindakan penipuan dengan persekongkolan dalam pembuatan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli, serta dapat dituntut Pasal 378 KUHP jo. Pasal 55 KUHP yang akan dijatuhi hukuman maksimal 4 (empat) tahun penjara, dan membayar kerugian yang diderita oleh pihak SW sebesar Rp2.000.000.000,- (dua milyar rupiah) atas hilangnya tanah tersebut.

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This study discusses the case study on the decision Number 54/PDT.G./2020/PN.UNR at the Ungaran Court, the making of a Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement that violates the applicable Notary Position Act by not providing a copy of the deed, not reading the deed, and there was no evidence at the time of the First party's action, furthermore in that case the PPJB reason was made for the ignorance of the second party which could lead to fraud and against the law. criminal and civil, Implications of Unlawful Acts against third parties as buyers of the disputed object land related to the case, and the Notary's responsibility for violations of the Notary's position for the actions taken in Decision Number 54/Pdt.G/2020/PN .Unr. To answer these problems, research methods are used, namely normative juridical law with an analytical approach. The conclusions that can be drawn are that first, the elements in the criminal and civil actions of the Notary have been fulfilled and can be handled on the responsibility of the Notary. The two third parties caused a third major loss, both material and immaterial due to the actions of the Notary and also the S party, the third party should not have harmed the Ungaran Court Decision. Third, the responsibility for the actions of a Notary can be subject to dishonorable sanctions for fraudulent acts with conspiracy in the making of a Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement, and can overcome Article 378 of the Criminal Code jo. Article 55 of the Criminal Code which will be sentenced to a maximum of 4 (four) years in prison, and pay the loss suffered by the SW of Rp2.000.000.000, - (two billion rupiah) on the land."

"Sertipikat merupakan surat tanda bukti hak yang berlaku sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat. Namun dalam kenyataanya sekarang tidak jarang terjadi terbitnya dua atau lebih sertipikat diatas sebidang tanah yang sama, lazim dikenal dengan overlapping, seperti kasus dalam Putusan MA No 2651 K/Pdt/2014. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan sifat eksplanatoris dan menggunakan data sekunder. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu Kantor Pertanahan Kota Surabaya yang tidak teliti dan tidak cermat pada waktu dilakukan pengukuran, penelitian di lapangan atau pemeriksaan terhadap dokumen-dokumen yang terkait dengan objek sengketa sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan juga kerugian kepada pemegang hak. Upaya penyelesaian dalam Putusan MA No 2651 K/Pdt/2014 dilakukan melalui pengadilan.

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Certificate is a letter of proof of rightsserves as a strong evidence of the physical data and juridical data in accordance with the measurement letter and land certificate of the concerned. The certificate also proves that land registration has been done. But in reality, it is not uncommon to have 2 (two) or more land certificates issued for the same part of land, commonly known as land overlapping, such as the solved case registered in Supreme Court Decision No. 2651 K / Pdt / 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal certainty of the issuance of dual certificates by the Land Office of Surabaya and to determine whether the basic consideration of the judge in deciding the dispute in the Supreme Court No. 2651 K / Pdt / 2014 was consistent with the regulations. This study is a normative juridical research with explanatory and analytical prescriptive typology nature features, and is using secondary data. The author concluded that Surabaya Land Office was careless and inaccurate in doing the measurement, field research or related documents examination that it caused legal uncertainty and also loss to the rights holder. Also, consideration of the judge in deciding the dispute in Supreme Court Decision No. 2651 K/Pdt / 2014 was not in accordance with the applied regulations."

"Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana para Majelis Hakim dalam Putusan PT Kupang Nomor 14/PDT/2023/PT KPG dan Putusan PN Subang Nomor 45/PDT.G/2019/PN SNG memutus gugatan ganti kerugian immateriil dalam perkara ingkar janji untuk mengawini sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Dalam KUHPerdata, janji untuk mengawini diatur dalam Pasal 58 yang mengatur bahwa tidak dapat dituntut untuk dilaksanakannya perkawinan maupun penggantian biaya, kerugian, atau bunga terhadap suatu janji untuk mengawini, kecuali jika janji untuk mengawini tersebut telah diikuti oleh suatu pengumuman. Janji untuk mengawini yang belum diikuti oleh pengumuman namun diingkari oleh pemberi janji dapat digugat sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum, dengan syarat telah terpenuhinya unsur-unsur perbuatan melawan hukum dalam perbuatan tersebut. Perbuatan ingkar janji untuk mengawini dapat menimbulkan kerugian materiil maupun kerugian immateriil. Dalam hukum positif Indonesia, landasan dan penghitungan gugatan ganti kerugian immateriil pada suatu perkara perbuatan melawan hukum diserahkan sepenuhnya pada subjektivitas hakim dengan prinsip ex aequo et bono. Pada Putusan PT Kupang Nomor 14/PDT/2023/PT KPG dan Putusan PN Subang Nomor 45/PDT.G/2019/PN SNG, para Majelis Hakim memiliki perbedaan pertimbangan mengenai gugatan ganti kerugian immateriil dalam perkara ingkar janji untuk mengawini yang dinyatakan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum. Pada hasil penelitian penulisan ini, Penulis setuju dengan pertimbangan Majelis Hakim PN Subang yang mengabulkan sebagian gugatan ganti kerugian immateriil meskipun belum terdapat pengaturannya yang jelas dalam hukum positif Indonesia. Majelis Hakim PN Subang mempertimbangkan yurisprudensi terkait dan fakta-fakta dalam persidangan untuk mewujudkan bentuk pertanggungjawaban Tergugat atas kerugian immateriil yang ditimbulkan dari perbuatannya. Berbeda dengan pertimbangan Majelis Hakim PT Kupang yang menolak gugatan ganti kerugian immateriil sepenuhnya tanpa mempertimbangkan yurisprudensi terkait dan fakta-fakta dalam persidangan, telah memperlihatkan bahwa Majelis Hakim PT Kupang belum menerapkan prinsip ex aequo et bono dengan baik guna mewujudkan keadilan.

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This paper analyzes the decision of the Kupang High Court Decision Number 14/PDT/2023/PT KPG and the Subang District Court Decision Number 45/PDT.G/2019/PN SNG on the claim for immaterial compensation in cases of false promises upon marriage as acts of tort. The study is conducted using the doctrinal research method. In the Indonesian Civil Code, a promise to marry is regulated in Article 58 which states that no claim can be made for the performance of the marriage or compensation for costs, losses, or interest on a promise to marry unless the promise has been followed by an announcement. A promise to marry that has not been followed by an announcement but is denied by the promisee can be sued as an act of tort, provided that the elements of an act of tort in the act have been fulfilled. False promises upon marriage can result in material or immaterial losses. The basis and calculation of claims for immaterial compensation in acts of tort are left to the judge's subjectivity with the principle of ex aequo et bono. The author agrees with The Subang District Court Panel of Judges that granted some claims for immaterial compensation, considering the related jurisprudence and facts in the trial to realize the defendant's form of responsibility for immaterial losses arising from their actions. In contrast, the Kupang High Court Panel of Judges rejected the claim for immaterial compensation completely without considering the relevant jurisprudence and facts in the trial. The study demonstrates that the Kupang High Court Panel of Judges has not properly applied the ex aequo et bono principle to achieve justice."

"Tesis ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif Jenis datayang digunakan adalah data sekunder tipologi penelitian eksplanatoris jenis bahan hukum adalah bahan hukum primer hukum sekuder dan hukum tersier Metode analisis data yang digunakan digunakan adalah metode analisis data kualitatif Penulisan tesis mengangkat pokok permasalahan pertimbangan putusan pengadilan negeri pengadilan tinggi dan mahkamah agung mengenai perolehan hak atas tanah setelah pembatalan akta jual beli dikaitkan dengan UUPA dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah dan bagaimana akibat hukum batalanya akta jual beli karena adanya perbuatan melawan hukum Berdasarkan Pasal 19 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah bahwa akta PPAT hanyalah suatu alat bukti dan tidak menyebut bahwa akta itu adalah suatu syarat mutlak tentang sah tidaknya suatu jual beli tanah Pasal 5 UUPA menyebutkan bahwa Hukum Tanah Nasional kita adalah Hukum Adat yang sifatnya tunai riil dan terang Jual beli adalah merupakan perjanjian maka dalam hal ini berlakulah syarat syarat untuk sahnya perjanjian tersebut sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata Jual beli tanah dapat batal demi hukum jika salah satu syarat materil tidak dipenuhi dalam arti penjual bukan merupakan orang yang berhak atas tanah yang dijualnya akibat hukum dari pembuatan akta jual tersebut di atas adalah akta tersebut dianggap tidak pernah ada Adapun sebaiknya jual beli dilakukan dihadapan PPAT dengan dibuktikan dengan AJB dan didaftarkan ke kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional untuk menjamin kepastian hukum bagi pemegang haknya.

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This thesis is a normative juridical research. The type of data that is used is secondary data, explanatory research typology, types of legal materials is the primary legal materials, legal sekuder and tertiary law. Data analysis method used is the method of qualitative data analysis. Thesis raised the subject-matter of judgment ruling court, high courts and the Supreme Court regarding the acquisition of land after the cancellation of the deed of sale associated with the Law and Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration and how the legal consequences about the cencellation deed of sale due to acts against law. Under Article 19 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration that PPAT deed is only a means of evidence and did not mention that the certificate is a necessary condition of legitimacy of a land purchase. Article 5 of UUPA mentions the National Land Law we are Customary Law that are cash, real and bright. Buying and selling is an agreement, then in this case the operator from the requirements for the validity of the agreement as specified in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Buying and selling land can be null and void if one of the material requirements are not fulfilled within the meaning of the seller is not the person entitled to the land sold. the legal consequences of the sale deed is the deed mentioned above shall be deemed to have never existed. The purchase should be done before PPAT with evidenced by AJB and registered with the Land Office to ensure legal certainty for rights holders."

"Bank dalam menyalurkan Kredit kepada nasabah tentunya harus berpedoman pada prinsip kehati-hatian untuk meminimalisir risiko yang mungkin terjadi, salah satu aspek yang patut diperhatikan oleh Bank ialah agunan. Dalam praktik, hak atas tanah kerap dijadikan agunan mengingat nilai ekonomisnya yang tinggi, namun sering terjadi ketika debitur wanprestasi, Bank mengalami kendala dalam melaksanakan eksekusi terhadap agunan, seperti kasus yang terjadi pada BNI dimana Bank mengalami kendala dalam eksekusi karena adanya gugatan dari pihak ketiga yang mengaku sebagai pemilik yang sah atas tanah yang diagunkan.Maka dari itu, penting untuk mengetahui pengaturan terkait prinsip kehati-hatian khususnya dalam pemberian kredit serta bagaimana penerapannya khususnya terkait pemberian kredit dengan agunan hak atas tanah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini ialah yuridis normatif dimana penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap hukum positif tertulis maupun tidak tertulis.Dalam skripsi ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dalam rangka melaksanakan prinsip kehati-hatian, Bank perlu melakukan verifikasi terkait legalitas dokumen dan legalitas fisik dari agunan secara teliti dan menyeluruh agar diperoleh informasi yang akurat, disarankan bahwa verifikasi ini dilakukan secara diam-diam tanpa diketahui calon debitur untuk meminimalisir penipuan oleh calon debitur.

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In order to provide loans to borrower, Bank must be guided by the prudential banking principle to minimize risks that may occur, collateral is one of the aspect which must be concerned by Bank. In practice, right upon land is common to be used as collateral considering its economic value. But several times, whenever the debtor is defaulted, Bank experiencing the difficulties in the execution due to a lawsuit from the third party claiming to be the rightful owner of the mortgaged land, BNI case for example.

Therefore, it is important to be aware of the prudential banking principle regulation and its implementation especially related to loan secured by mortgage. This research uses the judicial normative method which analyses based on the literature as a secondary data and related regulation.

In this thesis, it is concluded that in order to implement the prudential banking principle, Bank needs to verify the legality of the documents and the physical legality of the collateral thoroughly for the accurate information, the verification should be done by silent investigation and unnoticed by the loan applicant to minimize the risk of fraud by the loan applicant."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan dari janji untuk melangsungkan perkawinan di Indonesia, akibat hukum dari janji untuk melangsungkan perkawinan, serta perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang diingkari janjinya untuk dikawini berdasarkan pertimbangan Mahkamah Agung dalam memutus perkara yang berkaitan. Selain itu, skripsi ini juga membahas mengenai perbandingan pengaturan mengenai penerapan janji untuk melangsungkan perkawinan di Indonesia dan Belanda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian adalah janji untuk melangsungkan perkawinan tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum apapun, sehingga tidak dapat dimintakan ganti kerugian, akan tetapi apabila akibat dari tidak dipenuhinya janji tersebut telah melanggar norma kesusilaan, maka perbuatan tersebut merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum.

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This thesis reveals any implementation of an agreement to do marriage in Indonesia, legal consequences of such agreement and legal protection for the aggrieved party based on the consideration of Indonesian Supreme Court?s judgments. Furthermore, this thesis also compares Indonesian and Dutch regulations regarding the implementation of agreement to do marriage. The research on such questions resulted to conclusion that any consent in such agreement to do marriage does not establish any legal obligation or other legal consequences, so that such conduct can not be sued or claimed for compensation. Otherwise, if then found that such consent had violated with the norms of decency,then such conduct can be qualified as an Unlawful Act."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah, dalam hal ini Menteri Perhubungan cq. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara pada kasus perlakuan diskriminatif oleh PT Lion Air terhadap Ridwan Sumantri sebagai penumpang penyandang cacat. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara dianggap bertanggungjawab atas perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh penyedia jasa penerbangan PT Lion Air dan penyelenggara kebandarudaraan PT Angkasa Pura II. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan dianggap tidak hanya sebagai regulator dalam bidang penerbangan namun juga sebagai pembina yang mencakup antara lain aspek pengaturan, pengendalian, dan pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan penyedia jasa angkutan udara serta penyelenggara kebandarudaraan dalam menjalankan peraturan perundang-undangan bidang penerbangan.ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations, This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations]"