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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana fenomena investmentinefficiency yang terjadi pada pasar Indonesia terkait masalah financial constraintsdan agency costs yang melanda perusahaan-perusahaan publik di Indonesia.Menggunakan data panel dari perusahaan terdaftar di Indonesia pada periode2006-2015, ditemukan bukti kuat adanya investment inefficiency, yang dapatdijelaskan oleh keberadaan financial constraints dan agency costs padaperusahaan-perusahaan dalam indek Kompas 100 kategori Februari-Juli 2016.Secara spesifik, ditemukan bahwa perusahaan dengan arus kas di bawah (atas)level optimal cenderung untuk under- (over-) invest sebagai konsekuensi darifinancial constraints (agency costs). Lebih jauh, dengan berfokus pada perusahaanunder-investment, ditemukan bahwa sensitivitas abnormal investment ? free cashflow meningkat menggunakan proksi pengukuran terhadap financial constraints.Dan dengan berfokus pada perusahaan over-investment, ditemukan bahwasensitivitas abnormal investment ? free cash flow meningkat menggunakan proksipengukuran terhadap agency costs.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how the investment inefficiency phenomenon thatoccurs in the Indonesian market related issues financial constraints and agencycosts faced by public companies in Indonesia. Using panel data of listedcompanies in Indonesia in the period 2006-2015, this study found strong evidenceof the investment inefficiency, which can be explained by the existence offinancial constraints and agency costs on companies in the Kompas 100 indexcategories from February to July 2016. Specifically, it was found that companieswith cash flow below (above) the optimal level tend to under- (over-) invest as aconsequence of financial constraints (agency costs). Furthermore, by focusing onunder-investment firms, found that abnormal sensitivity of investment - free cashflow increased by using proxy measures of financial constraints. And by focusingon the over-investment firms, it was found that the abnormal sensitivity ofinvestment - free cash flow increased by using proxy measures of agency costs."

"ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengamati efisiensi investasi perusahaaan di Indonesia, Meksiko, dan Turki terhadap arus kas bebas perusahaan-perusahaan yang melakukan under-investment dan over-investment, dengan adanya keberadaan financial constraints dan agency costs yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya investasi residual terhadap kondisi aruskas bebas tiap perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 337 data perusahaan sektor non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, 79 data perusahaan sektor non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, dan 180 data perusahaan sektor non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Borsa Instanbul Stock Exchange sebagai sampel penelitian dengan periode 5 tahun sejak 2013 hingga 2017 dengan metode cross section per tahun penelitian yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis panel data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan di Indonesia cenderung melakukan under-investment sedangkan untuk Meksiko dan Turki bervariasi. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa aruskas bebas hanya berpengaruh signifikan positif bagi perusahaan yang mengalami under-investment dengan arus kas bebas negatif di Turki dan Indonesia. Untuk perusahaan yang mengalami over-investment, arus kas bebas berpengaruh signifikan positif di Indonesia dan Meksiko. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa sensitivitas under-investment terhadap arus kas bebas perusahaan akan meningkat bagi perusahaan yang mengalami financial constraints yang lebih tinggi untuk Indonesia dan Turki. Bagi perusahaan overinvestment, arus kas bebas akan berpengaruh signifikan positif bagi perusahaan di Indonesia dan Meksiko yang mengalami agency problems yang lebih tinggi.

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ABSTRACT

This study examines the the efficiency of corporate investment in Indonesia, Mexico, and Turkey against free cash flows of companies that carry out under-investment and over-investment, with the existence of financial constraints and agency costs as indicated by the presence of residual investment in free cashflow conditions on each company. This study uses 337 data on non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, 79 data on non-financial sector companies registered at Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, and 180 data from non-financial sector companies listed on Borsa Instanbul Stock Exchange as samples. The study has period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 with a cross section method per year of research followed by panel data analysis. The results of this study indicate that companies in Indonesia tend to under-invest while in Mexico and Turkey are varies. In this study it was found that free cashflow only had a significant positive effect on companies experiencing under-investment with negative free cash flows in Turkey and Indonesia. For companies that experience over-investment, free cash flow has a significant positive effect in Indonesia and Mexico. This study also found that the sensitivity of under-investment to the company's free cash flow will increase for companies experiencing higher financial constraints for Indonesia and Turkey. For overinvestment companies, free cash flow will have a significant positive effect on companies in Indonesia and Mexico that experience higher agency problems.

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"Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis mengenai dampak ketidakpastian (World Uncertaınty Index-WUI) terhadap inefisiensi investasi perusahaan di Indonesia. data yang digunakan merupakan data panel 1150 firm-year yang terdiri dari periode time series 2014-2024 dan 115 cross section perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dampak negatif dari ketidakpastian terhadap nilai absolut inefisiensi investasi. Secara khusus, terdapat dampak negatif dari ketidakpastian terhadap inefisiensi investasi pada kondisi overinvestment, dan dampak positif dari ketidakpastian terhadap inefisiensi investasi pada kondisi underinvestment. sehingga disimpulkan dalam kedua skenario investasi yang tidak normal, ketidakpastian mengurangi inefisiensi investasi dan mengoptimalkan

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This study analyzes the impact of uncertainty (World Uncertaınty Index-WUI) on corporate investment inefficiency in Indonesia. Tthe data used is 1150 firm-year panel data consisting of the 2014-2024 time series period and 115 cross section companies. the results show a negative impact of uncertainty on the absolute value of investment inefficiency. There is a negative impact of uncertainty on investment inefficiency in overinvestment conditions, and a positive impact of uncertainty on investment inefficiency in underinvestment conditions. Thus, it is concluded that in both abnormal investment scenarios, uncertainty reduces investment inefficiency and optimizes investment decisions."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kebijakan cash holding pada perusahaan yang dikelompokan dalam financial constraints dan not financial constraint pada sektor industri manufaktur tahun 2001-2010. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan analisis diskriminan. Hasil analisis diskriminan menunjukan bahwa kelompok financial constraints dan not financial constraint dijelaskan oleh variabel diskriminan yaitu leverage, capital expenditure, operating cash flow, market to book ratio, size dan number block holder.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the company's policy of holding cash are classified in the financial constraints and not financial constraints on the manufacturing sector in 2001-2010. The method used in this study with discriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis results showed that the group financial constraints and financial constraints are not explained by the discriminant variable leverage, capital expenditure, operating cash flow, market to book ratio, size and number block holder."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan dari Net Foreign Investment Flows pada Pasar Keuangan Indonesia. Terdapat dua model, dengan variabel indepeden dari Set Faktor Global dan Set Faktor Domestik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square Regresi Linear Majemuk. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Faktor Domestik memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Net Foreign Investment Flows pada Pasar Keuangan Indonesia, dan Faktor Global memiiki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap Net Foreign Investment Flows pada Pasar Keuangan Indonesia.

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This study aims to analyze the determinants on Net Foreign Investment Flows in Indonesia Financial Market. There are two proposed models, with variable independents from Global Drivers Set and Domestic Drivers Set. This study uses Ordinary Least Square Multiple Regression methodology. This study proved that Domestic Drivers has significant impact on Net Foreign Investment Flows on Indonesia?s Financial Market, while Global Drivers has no significant impact on on Net Foreign Investment Flows on Indonesia?s Financial Market."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah current ratio, fixed chargecoverage, net income margin, financial slack, sales growth, dan debt ratio secarasignifikan menentukan financial constraints serta untuk mengetahui hubungannyadengan return saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logit untukpengelompokan perusahaan berdasarkan status financial constraint dan analisisregresi sederhana digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara financialconstraint dan return saham. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkatsignifikansi 5% variabel yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi status financialconstraint adalah current ratio, fixed charge coverage, net income margin, dan debtratio. Sedangkan analisis regresi financial constraint dan return sahammenunjukkan hubungan yang negatif.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine whether current ratio, fixed charge coverage, netincome margin, financial slack, sales growth, and the debt ratio significantlydetermine financial constraints and to investigate its relationship with stock returns.This study uses logit regression analysis for grouping companies based on the statusof financial constraints and ordinary regression analysis is used to determine therelationship between financial constraints and stock returns. The results show thatat 5% significance level variables that significantly affect the status of financialconstraint is current ratio, fixed charge coverage, net income margin, and debt ratio.While the regression analysis of financial constraints and stock returns show anegative relationship."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan utuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan politik dan agency costs terhadap efisiensi investasi perusahaan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menguji efek moderasi agency costs atas pengaruh hubungan politik terhadap efisiensi investasi. Hubungan politik dalam perusahaan diukur pada tingkat dewan komisaris dan direksi. Proksi agency costs yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah expense ratio, yaitu selling, general, and administrative SGA expense yang diskalakan dengan total penjualan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2014 hingga 2015. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan, sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 271 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan politik berdampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap efisiensi investasi. Sedangkan, agency costs tidak berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi investasi. Namun demikian, ketika berperan sebagai variabel moderasi, agency costs mampu memberikan pengaruh signifikan atas dampak hubungan politik terhadap efisiensi investasi.

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This research examines how political connections and agency costs affects investment efficiency. Besides, it also examines how agency costs moderates the relationship between political connections and investment efficiency. Political connections is being measured on the boards level.

Agency costs is calculated by using expense ratio which refers to selling, general, and administrative SGA expense scaled by total sales. Based on the criteria in determining the sample from firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX during 2014 2015, this study has 271 firms as the sample.

The results suggest that political connections has negative impact on investment efficiency. Meanwhile, agency costs does not affect investment efficiency. However, this study also finds that agency costs can significantly moderates the relationship between political connections and investment efficiency."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh komponen monitoring effort, bonding effort dan perbandingan tingkat pengaruhnya terhadap agency problem perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2008-2010. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan didasarkan pada agency theory yang dikemukakan oleh Jensen dan Meckling (1976) dan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Depken et al., (2009). Secara keseluruhan penelitian ini menggunakan 234 sampel perusahaan yang memenuhi karakteristik sampel dan diolah dengan metode cross section.Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa komponen monitoring effort berupa leverage justru akan meningkatkan agency problem. Sedangkan komponen bonding effort berupa beban iklan pada penjualan dan kepemilikan manajemen berpengaruh negatif terhadap agency problem. Sedangkan perbandingan tingkat penjelas antar model monitoring effort dengan model bonding effort menghasilkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan dimana model monitoring effort memiliki nilai adjusted R squared lebih besar.

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ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to see the effect of monitoring component,bonding component and comparison of the level of influence on the agency problem of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008-2010. The research was based on agency theory that put forward by Jensen and Meckling (1976) and research conducted by Depken et al., (2009). Overall this study used a sample of 234 companies that meet characteristics of the sample and processed by the method of cross section.This study provides the results that monitoring effort in the form of leverage would likely increase the agency problem. While the effort of bonding component as advertising on sales and property management negatively affect the agency problem. Whereas comparison of the level of influence beetwen monitoring effort model and bonding effort model showed unsignificantly different while monitoring effort model has higher value of adjusted R squared."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kebijakan cash holding padaperusahaan yang dikelompokan dalam financial constraints dan not financialconstraint pada sektor industri manufaktur tahun 2001-2010. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan analisis diskriminan. Hasil analisisdiskriminan menunjukan bahwa kelompok financial constraints dan not financialconstraint dijelaskan oleh variabel diskriminan yaitu leverage, capitalexpenditure, operating cash flow, market to book ratio, size dan number blockholder.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the company's policy of holding cashare classified in the financial constraints and not financial constraints on themanufacturing sector in 2001-2010. The method used in this study withdiscriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis results showed that the groupfinancial constraints and financial constraints are not explained by thediscriminant variable leverage, capital expenditure, operating cash flow, market tobook ratio, size and number block holder.;The purpose of this study was to examine the company's policy of holding cashare classified in the financial constraints and not financial constraints on themanufacturing sector in 2001-2010. The method used in this study withdiscriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis results showed that the groupfinancial constraints and financial constraints are not explained by thediscriminant variable leverage, capital expenditure, operating cash flow, market tobook ratio, size and number block holder.;The purpose of this study was to examine the company's policy of holding cashare classified in the financial constraints and not financial constraints on themanufacturing sector in 2001-2010. The method used in this study withdiscriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis results showed that the groupfinancial constraints and financial constraints are not explained by thediscriminant variable leverage, capital expenditure, operating cash flow, market tobook ratio, size and number block holder., The purpose of this study was to examine the company's policy of holding cashare classified in the financial constraints and not financial constraints on themanufacturing sector in 2001-2010. The method used in this study withdiscriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis results showed that the groupfinancial constraints and financial constraints are not explained by thediscriminant variable leverage, capital expenditure, operating cash flow, market tobook ratio, size and number block holder.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan investigasi terhadap ketidakpastian endogen dengan melakukan observasi pada hubungan antara investasi perusahaan dan ketidakpastian pada level makro. Sampel studi ini adalah perusahaan Amerika yang tercatat pada bursa efek dengan periode observasi dari 1996q1 hingga 2019q4. Analisis Vector Autoregressive (VAR) menunjukkan bahwa underinvestment menyebabkan peningkatan dari ketidakpastian berasal dari berita yaitu ketidakpastian kebijakan ekonomi. Sedangkan, overinvestment meningkatkan ketidakpasian makroekonomi. Terlebih lagi, baik overinvestment maupun underinvestment menyebabkan peningkatan pada ketidakpastian pasar keuangan. Information channel hypothesis dapat menjelaskan hubungan positif antara underinvestment dan ketidakpastian kebijakan ekonomi. Selain itu, hubungan positif antara overinvestment dan ketidakpastian makro berhubungan dengan excessive growth speculation hypothesis. Analisis tambahan pada subsample perusahaan kecil (besar) juga memperjelas kembali penjelasan information flow (excessive growth speculation) hypothesis.

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This study investigates endogenous uncertainty by observing the relationship between firm-level investments and macro-level uncertainty. The study sample is the U.S. publicly listed firms with an observation period from 1996 Q1 to 2019 Q4. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) analysis shows that underinvestment drives the news-based Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU). On the other hand, overinvestment increases macroeconomic uncertainty. More importantly, the results also exhibit that under- and over-investment cause financial market uncertainty to increases. The information channel hypothesis is closely related to the positive relationship between underinvestment and EPU. Moreover, the positive relation between overinvestment and macroeconomic uncertainty is related to excessive growth speculation hypothesis. Additionally, analysis on the small (large) firm subsample also reiterates the explanation of the information channel (excessive growth speculation)."