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"Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan efektiftas aplikasi silver diamine fluoride dengan propolis fluoride dalam menghambat karies gigi sulung. Metode: 224 anak usia 4-5 tahun dengan karies dentin aktif dialokasikan secara random pada satu diantara 3 kelompok perlakuan untuk pengobatan lesi karies dentin gigi sulung: Kelompok 1- Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride, Kelompok 2- Aplikasi Propolis Fluoride, dan Kelompok 3- Kontrol. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 7 hari, 1 bulan dan 3 bulan untuk menilai banyaknya lesi karies yang menjadi terhenti. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, 163 (72,8%) anak menyelesaikan penelitian. Persentase karies yang menjadi terhenti adalah 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% untuk Kelompok 1, Kelompok 2 dan Kelompok 3. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride atau Propolis Fluoride efektif menghambat lesi karies gigi sulung. Silver Diamine Fluoride lebih efektif dalam menghambat lesi karies dibanding Propolis Fluoride, tetapi Propolis Fluoride memiliki keunggulan tidak membuat perubahan warna gigi menjadi hitam.

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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and topical application of propolis fluoride in arresting active dentine caries in primary teeth.

Methods: A total of 224 children, aged 3-4 years, were randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment of carious dentine cavities in their primary teeth: group 1- application of SDF, group 2 ? application of Propolis Fluoride, group 3 ? control. Follow-up examinations were carried out 7 days, 1 month and 3 months to assess whether the treated caries lesions had become arrested.

Results: After 3 months follow up, 163 (72,8%) children remained in the study. The caries arrest rates were 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% for group 1, group 2 and group 3.

Conclusion: Application of SDF solution or Propolis Fluoride solution can arrest active dentine caries. Topical application of SDF is more effective than Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting caries lesions progression, but Propolis Fluoride has the advantage that the arrested caries lesion will not turn black in colour like SDF."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas SDF dalam menghambataktivitas karies gigi sulung serta melihat hubungan keadaan intraoral dengankeefektifitasan SDF dalam menghambat aktivitas karies gigi sulung pada anak. 115anak karies dentin aktif pada anak 2,5-6 tahun diaplikasikan SDF, selanjutnyadievaluasi setelah 3 dan 10 bulan dan keadaan intraoral diperiksa. Evaluasi setelah 10bulan menunjukkan 69,7% permukaan karies aktif menjadi terhenti. Uji statistikmenunjukkan karies aktif yang diaplikasikan SDF memiliki peluang 9.9 kali menjaditerhenti setelah 3 bulan, dan 6.4 kali setelah 10 bulan. Serta terdapat korelasi negatifbermakna secara statistik antara pulpitis dan skor pufa dengan keberhasilanintervensi SDF.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of SDF ininhibiting dental caries activity on primary teeth and find the relationship betweenintraoral situation with effectiveness of SDF in inhibiting childhood caries activity.115 children 2,5-6 years were applicated SDF on teeth that have active dentin caries,and then evaluated after 3 and 10 months. Intraoral state was examined. Evaluationafter 10 months showed 69.7% surface active caries to be arrested. The statistical testshowed that the active caries applied SDF have chance 9.9 times becoming arrestedafter 3 months, and 6.4 times after 10 months. There is a negative correlationstatistical significance of pulpitis and PUFA index with SDF intervention success."

"Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi mulut yang paling tinggi pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Indonesia. Mengobati karies sejak dini dapat menghilangkan rasa sakit dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak. SDF merupakan salah satu perawatan karies pada gigi sulung. 59 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Serpong diaplikasikan SDF pada permukaan gigi sulung yang karies dan di evaluasi setelah 3 bulan. Ibu subjek diberikan kuisioner pengukuran kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi SDF. Setelah dioleskan SDF, 89,36% karies terhenti. Kualitas hidup 59 subjek meningkat setelah aplikasi SDF (p < 0,05). SDF efektif dalam menghentikan karies gigi sulung dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak.

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Caries is the highest oral health problem in children aged 3-5 yeard old in Indonesia. Early caries treatment can heal tootache and increase quality of life. SDF is one of caries treatment for primary teeth. 59 children aged 3-5 years old were applied SDF and evaluated 3 months later. Mothers are given quality of life questionairre before and after SDF application. After SDF application, 89,36% caries are arrested. Quality of life of the subjects are increased after SDF application (p<0,05). SDF is effective in treating primary teeth caries and increase children quality of life."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi SDF pada anak usia 36-71 bulan dalam menghentikan karies aktif dan menurunkan faktor risiko karies. Sampel yang digunakan adalah anak-anak PAUD Rama-rama yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak: kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Skor karies dan pH plak anak diperiksa sebelum dan tiga bulan setelah dilakukan aplikasi SDF. Kuesioner ADA Caries Risk Assessment diisi oleh ibu subjek saat baseline. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah karies aktif dan pH plak anak kelompok perlakuan setelah dilakukan aplikasi SDF. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa SDF berpotensi efektif dalam menghentikan karies aktif gigi sulung dan menurunkan faktor risiko karies.

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The study aimed to assess the effect of SDF application to 36-71 months children in arresting active caries and decreasing caries risk factor. Samples were children at PAUD Rama-rama, randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention group. Caries score and plaque pH were examined before and three months after SDF application. ADA Caries Risk Assessment questionnaire was filled by subject’s mother. There were significant differences at number of active caries and plaque pH in intervention group after SDF application. It was concluded that SDF was potentially effective in arresting active caries on primary teeth and decreasing caries risk factor. rama randomly divided into two groups which are control and intervention group Teeth caries score and plaque pH were examined before and three months after SDF application ADA Caries Risk Assessment questionnaire was answered by subject rsquo s mother Result There were significant differences at number of active caries on decayed teeth p 0 000 mean SD 2 61 2 44 extracted teeth p 0 001 mean SD 1 10 2 80 and plaque pH p 0 008 mean SD 6 53 0 40 in control gorup compared to intervention group after SDF application Conclusion SDF was potentially effective in arresting active caries on primary teeth and decreasing caries risk factor."

"Karies merupakan penyakit infeksius yang paling sering terjadi pada anak di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan solusi yang dapat mengatasi karies, salah satunya dengan aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). Tujuan: membahas evaluasi aplikasi SDF dalam mengatasi karies anak dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persentase karies terhenti setelah aplikasi SDF. Metode: Studi kohort untuk evaluasi dan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian 115 anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies dentin aktif. Kuesioner diisi oleh orangtua untuk mengetahui faktor risiko karies. Hasil: Evaluasi pada 3 dan 10 bulan memperlihatkan permukaan karies aktif berpeluang terhenti 9.9 dan 6.8 kali setelah diaplikasi SDF, dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diaplikasi. Kesimpulan: SDF efektif menghentikan karies aktif anak serta meringankan rasa sakit yang diderita anak akibat karies sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan quality of life anak.

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Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious disease in children in Indonesia. Therefore, solution to overcome caries is needed.

Objective: evaluate Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) applications to overcome caries in children and factors related to the percentage of arrested caries after SDF application.

Method: Cohort study to evaluation and cross sectional with 115 children aged 3-5 years old who had active dentin caries were the subjects. Caries risk factors questionnaires filled by parents subject.

Results: Active caries which were applied SDF had odd ratios 9.9 and 6.8 times being arrested after 3 and 10 months, respectively, compared with those not applied.

Conclusion: SDF is effective to arrest caries and decrease toothache suffered by children, thus potentially increase the quality of life of children."

"Karies gigi merupakan penyakit progresif yang terjadi akibat demineralisasi enamel gigi oleh aktivitas bakteri kariogenik yang menghasilkan asam, khususnya Streptococcus mutans. Dari berbagai penelitian, sediaan fluoride topikal terbukti memiliki efektivitas tinggi dalam menghentikan aktivitas karies gigi dengan biaya produksi yang rendah serta mudah untuk diaplikasikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan sediaan alternatif fluoride topikal NH4F 5% dengan ekstrak etanol propolis (EEP) dalam suatu sistem mikroemulsi yang memiliki stabilitas, kemampuan antibakteri dan remineralisasi yang baik dalam menghentikan aktivitas karies gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi 2,7% EEP; 6,3% surfaktan; dan 90,9% larutan NH4F 5% memiliki stabilitas penyimpanan terbaik. Uji antibakteri menunjukkan sediaan uji memiliki daya inhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik sekitar 78-80%, dengan nilai konsentrasi hambat mínimum (KHM) pada pengenceran 6,25%. Hasil Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) menunjukkan sediaan berhasil meremineralisasi permukaan enamel gigi dengan deposit fluoride hingga 5 - 6 x dibandingkan kontrol. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sediaan mikroemulsi propolis fluoride (PF) dapat menjadi alternatif sediaan fluoride topikal yang memiliki efektivitas tinggi dalam menghentikan aktivitas karies gigi.

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Dental caries is a disease caused by demineralization of tooth enamel by the activity of cariogenic bacteria that produce acid, especially Streptococcus mutans. From various studies, preparation of topical fluoride is proven to have higher efficacy in preventing dental caries with low production cost and easy to apply. The objective of this research is to formulate alternatife agent topical fluoride NH4F 5% mixed with extract ethanol propolis (EEP) in the microemulsion system that has high stability, antimicrobial activity, and remineralisation to arrest teeth caries activity.

The result shows that formulation 2,7% EEP; 6,3% surfactan; and 90,9% NH4F solution has the highest perervation stability. Antibacterial test shows three simple have ability to inhibit cariogenic bacteria development around 78-80% with mínimum inhibtory concentration (KHM) value at 6,25% dilution. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) result show that sample succesfuly reminerilize enamel surface with fluoride deposite up to 5 - 6 x compared by control. The conculsion from this research is microemulsion agent propolis fluoride (PF) can become topical fluoride alternatife that has high effectivity."

"Tujuan. Menganalisis efek aplikasi NSF dan PPF terhadap remineralisasi dentin melalui uji kristalinitas.Metode. Dentin blok dibagi dalam sembilan kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan. Kontrol negatif merupakan dentin normal dan kontrol positif merupakan dentin yang didemineralisasi. Kelompok perlakuan diaplikasikan NSF dan PPF dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Karakteristik kristal dari seluruh dentin blok diuji oleh X-Ray Diffraction XRD.Hasil. Gambaran XRD memperlihatkan senyawa apatit, senyawa kalsium, dan senyawa logam dalam kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif.Kesimpulan. NSF dan PPF efektif terhadap remineralisasi dentin.

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To analyze the effects of NSF and PPF application to dentin remineralization by crystallinity test.

Method. Dentin blocks were allocated to nine groups, control groups positive and negative and seven treatment groups. Control negative is sound dentin and control positive is demineralized dentin. The treatment groups were applied of NSF and PPF with different concentration. The crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X Ray Diffraction XRD.

Result. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in treatment groups higher than in control positive group.

Conclusion. NSF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Berdasarkan RISKESDAS 2013 sebanyak 28,9 anak kelompok usia 5-9 tahun yang memiliki masalah gigi, hanya 35,1 yang menerima perawatan. Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling sering terjadi adalah karies gigi, sehingga butuh bahan yang dapat berfungsi sebagai perawatan karies gigi anak yang mudah diaplikasikan dan terjangkau. Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan aktivitas karies dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi propolis fluoride serta hubungannya dengan indeks plak. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental tanpa randomisasi menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode pengambilan sampel convenience sampling. Sebanyak 183 subjek yang memiliki karies dentin dilakukan pengolesan propolis fluoride dan pemeriksaan indeks plak. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 1 bulan. Hasil: terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai median karies dentin aktif sebelum 4 permukaan/anak dan setelah 1 bulan 1 permukaan/anak diaplikasikan Propolis Fluoride. Secara statistik terdapat korelasi berpola negatif yang signifikan p=0,015 dan r=-0,177 antara indeks plak dengan persentase karies terhenti. Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas karies dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi propolis fluoride serta terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan indeks plak.

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ABSTRACTBackground According to Basic Health Research from 28,9 children aged 5 9 who had dental problems, only 35,1 children received treatment. Dental caries is the most prevalent dental problem, therefore treatment of dental caries that are easy to apply and affordable is needed. Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of dentine caries activity before and after propolis fluoride application and the correlation with plaque index. Method Design of the study was experimental study nonrandom using secondary data with convenience sampling method. A total of 183 subjects whose teeth have active dentine caries were smeared by propolis fluoride and plaque index were examined. Follow up examination were carried out after 1 month. Results There was a significant difference between the median value of active dentine caries before 4 surfaces children and after 1 month 1 surface children applicated by propolis fluoride. Statistically, there was a significant negative correlation p 0,015 and r 0,177 between plaque index with arrested dentine caries percentage. Conclusion There was a significant difference between dentine caries activity before and after propolis fluoride application and there was a significant correlation with plaque index.Keywords dentine caries plaque index propolis fluoride."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks plak terhadap efikasi Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat aktivitas karies. Metode: 246 anak dengan karies aktif pada anak usia 36-71 bulan diaplikasikan Propolis Fluoride. 149 anak merupakan kelompok perlakuan dengan diberi perlakuan sikat gigi serta edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut rutin. Sedangkan 97 anak merupakan kelompok kontrol hanya diberi edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada saat baseline. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 3 bulan untuk menilai persentase karies yang menjadi arrested dan hubungannya dengan indeks plak. Hasil: Pada saat evaluasi 3 bulan persentase karies arrested pada kelompok perlakuan 62,44 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 46,18. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata indeks plak dan jumlah karies aktif antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bernilai negatif antara indeks plak dan persentase karies arrested. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bernilai positif antara skor tindakan dan persentase karies arrested. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks plak dan efikais Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat aktivitas karies.

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Objective To determine the relationship between plaque index and efficacy of propolis fluoride in inhibiting caries activity. Method 246 children aged 36 71 month were applied Propolis Fluoride on every tooth surface that has active caries. 149 children are intervention group, they have been treated toothbrushing program and give them routine Dental Health Education. 97 children are control group only have been given Dental Health Education on the baseline. The evaluation and examination were conducted after 3 months to measure the percentage of arrested caries and the correlation with plaque index. Result At the 3 months evaluation, the percentage of arrested caries for both group of intervention and control were 62,44 and 46,18 respectively. There was a significant difference in mean plaque index and the number of active caries between two groups. There was a significant correlation between the plaque index and the percentage of arrested caries. There was a significant correlation between the behavior score and the percentage of arrested caries. Both correlation has negative and positive value respectively. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between plaque index and efficacy of Propolis fluoride in inhibiting caries activity."

"Latar Belakang: Berbagai studi menunjukkan hubungan status kesehatan gigi dan mulut orang tua dan anak. Keterlibatan pengaruh intergenerasi dalam paradigma life course memungkinkan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan pengalaman karies antar dua generasi dan faktor-faktor yang mungkin ada dalam lintas generasi. Objektif: Analisis hubungan pengalaman karies orang tua dan faktor-faktor tingkat individu dan keluarga dengan pengalaman karies anak pada gigi sulung usia 3-11 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Studi observasional cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 pada anak dengan gigi sulung usia 3-11 tahun beserta ayah dan ibu kandungnya yang dilakukan wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis. Hasil: Anak-anak dengan ayah yang memiliki pengalaman karies (OR = 2,154) lebih berisiko untuk mengalami karies pada gigi sulung mereka dibandingkan ketika ibu mereka memiliki pengalaman karies (OR = 1,538). Persepsi tentang masalah kesehatan gigi anak (OR = 1,412), praktik menyikat gigi anak (OR = 1,257), dan praktik menyikat gigi ibu (OR = 1,248) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pengalaman karies anak. Perilaku dalam keluarga menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara orang tua dan anak-anak mereka. Kesimpulan: Pengalaman karies orang tua, begitu pula faktor-faktor tingkat individu dan keluarga, memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pengalaman karies anak pada gigi sulung; sejalan dengan model life course intergenerasi.

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Background: Several studies show association between parent’s oral health status and that of their children. Intergenerational complicity in life course approach paradigm enables investigation to assess the relationship between two generations’ caries experience and factors that may exist across generation.

Objective: Analyse relationship between parent’s caries experience, as well as individual-and family-level factors, with their children’s caries experience in primary teeth aged 3-11 years in Indonesia.

Method: Cross-sectional observational study using secondary data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 on children with primary teeth aged 3-11 years with their biological father and mother who went through interview and clinical examination.

Results: Children whose father has caries experience (OR = 2,154) pose a greater risk of having caries experience in their primary teeth compared to when their mother has it (OR = 1,538). Perception about child’s dental health (OR = 1,412), child’s toothbrushing practice (OR = 1,257), and mother’s toothbrushing practice (OR = 1,248) were significantly associated with children’s caries experience. Behaviors established within family show significant association between parents and their children.

Conclusion: Parent’s caries experience, as well as individual-and family-level factors, have significant association with their children’s primary teeth caries experience; which complies with intergenerational life course model."