Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kedudukan jaminan negara dalam pembangunan proyek kereta cepat Jakarta-Bandung berdasarkan hukum investasi internasional dan hukum penanaman modal. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dan preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pada proyek kereta cepat Jakarta-Bandung yang dilaksanakan oleh China Rail Way Ltd bersama PT. PSBI yang dimana membentuk perusahaan patungan bernama PT. Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China dengan mengunakan pinjaman lunak dari China Development Bank tidak mendapatkan jaminan negera baik berdasarkan kesepakatan yang tertuang dalam framework agreement dan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan fakta yang diperoleh di lapangan melalui data wawancara menunjukan terjadi kendala dalam pelaksanakan proyek pembangunan kereta cepat Jakarta-Bandung yaitu belum tuntasnya pembebasan lahan hal ini dikarenakan karena bentuk dari PT. Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China adalah badan hukum swasta.

---

This thesis discusses the position of state guarantees in the construction of a fast train projects Jakarta-Bandung based on international investment law and investment law. This study is normative and prescriptive. The study concluded that the high speed train project Jakarta-Bandung implemented by China Rail Way Ltd and PT. PSBI that which formed a joint venture company named PT. Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China by using a soft loan from China Development Bank did not get a good guarantee of the country according to the agreements stipulated in the framework agreement and the laws and regulations in Indonesia. Based on the facts obtained in the field through interview data indicated that there was constraint in implementing development projects fast train from Jakarta to Bandung is unresolved land acquisition for this is because the shape of the PT. Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China is a private legal entity."

"Dalam satu dekade terakhir, Indonesia telah mengakhiri hampir semua perjanjian investasi bilateralnya dengan salah satu alasan yang merupakan kemudahan investor dalam mengajukan gugatan terhadap Indonesia ke arbitrase internasional. Pengakhiran massal tersebut disebabkan oleh susunan kata dalam perjanjian bilateral tersebut yang memungkinkan majelis arbiter untuk dengan mudah menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia telah memberi persetujuan terhadap arbitrase yang memberi majelis arbiter kewenangan untuk mengadili sebuah sengketa. Skripsi ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persetujuan negara terhadap arbitrase berdasarkan hukum investasi internasional sehubungan dengan perkembangan yang terlihat dalam yurisprudensi arbitrase investasi. Selanjutnya, skripsi ini akan juga akan menentukan apakah kerangka hukum Indonesia, yang terdiri dari undang-undang investasinya dan perjanjian investasi internasional yang baru, menangani masalah persetujuan yang sebelumnya menjadi permasalahan. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan teoritis maupun pendeketan perundang-undangan. Skripsi ini akan mendalami pengalaman Indonesia dalam menangani persetujuan terhadap arbitrase dengan membahas kata-kata dari perjanjian investasi bilateral yang lama serta sengketa yang muncul dari akibat gugatan yang tidak tepat. Selanjutnya, perjanjian investasi internasional Indonesia yang baru akan dibahas dan dibandingkan dengan perjanjian investasi bilateral yang lama. Skripsi ini akan menyimpulkan bahwa kerangka hukum Indonesia saat ini, yang terdiri dari Undang-Undang Penanaman modal dan perjanjian investasi internasional baru, dengan tepat menangani sebagian besar perkembangan hukum dalam hukum investasi internasional yang mempengaruhi persetujuan negara dan oleh karena itu mengatasi masalah yang timbul dalam perjanjian investasi bilateral lama yang telah diakhiri oleh Indonesia.

---

Within the last decade, Indonesia has terminated almost all of its bilateral investment treaties with one of the reasons being the ease of which investors were able to submit claims against Indonesia to international arbitration. This mass termination was attributed to the poor wording present within the bilateral investment treaties which allowed arbitral tribunals to infer Indonesia’s consent to arbitration and which provides them with jurisdiction to adjudicate the dispute. This thesis examines the factors which affect state consent to arbitration under international investment law with regards to the developments seen in investment arbitration jurisprudence. Subsequently this thesis will also determine whether or not the Indonesian legal framework, which comprises of its investment law and new international investment agreements, addresses the issues of consent which have previously been of concern. This thesis adopts a juridical normative research method utilizing a theoretical and statutory approach. This thesis will explore Indonesia’s experience in dealing with consent to arbitration as it discusses the wording of its old bilateral investment treaties as well as the disputes which arose out of unwarranted treaty claims. Furthermore, Indonesia’s new international investment agreements will be discussed in comparison to the old bilateral investment treaties. This thesis will conclude that the current Indonesian legal framework, consisting of the Investment Law and the new international investment agreements, properly address the majority of developments which would affect state consent under international investment law and therefore addresses the problems presented by Indonesia’s terminated bilateral investment treaties."

"Penanaman Modal dalam Negeri dan Penanaman Modal Asing diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, baik dalam perannya untuk meningkatkan modal maupun dalam meningkatkan produktifitas melalui kemajuan teknologi, managemen dan sebagainya.Untuk itu diperlukan kebijakan yang lebih terarah, khususnya mengenai arah pengembangan secara sektoral, mengingat setiap sektor memiliki karakteristik tersendiri. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui peran PMA dan PMDN terhadap PDB melalui observasi data tahun 1990 - 2008.

---

Domestic investment and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are expected to contribute higher in Indonesian economy, particularly from the augmented investment and the impact of their advanced technology. It is necessary to provide policy and direction of investment development, by considering sectoral characteristic. This study is conducted to obtain the information on the role of domestic investment as well as foreign direct investment to gross domestic product, by using data of 1990 - 2008."

"Faktor-faktor yang menentukan masuknya investasi ke suatu negara didasarkan pada tiga faktor yaitu kesempatan ekonomi (economic opportunity), stabilitas politik (political stability) dan kepastian hukum (legal certainty). Adanya kepastian hukum merupakan salah satu faktor utama untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif bagi investor. Dalam sektor telekomunikasi, penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler merupakan bidang usaha yang sangat erat dengan penanaman modal asing. Dalam rangka melindungi kepentingan nasional, maka Pemerintah telah mengatur pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing dalam penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal serta Peraturan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 2010 tentang Daftar Bidang Usaha yang Tertutup dan Bidang Usaha yang Terbuka dengan Persyaratan di Bidang Penanaman Modal. Pemahaman yang berbeda terhadap ketentuan pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing atau yang secara umum dikenal sebagai Daftar Negatif Investasi merupakan salah satu penyebab ketidakpastian hukum di Indonesia. Tesis ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) yang melakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan terhadap penanaman modal asing yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler di Indonesia. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa terhadap penanaman modal yang telah memperoleh persetujuan sebelum berlakunya Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal maka berlaku asas grandfather clause. Kemudian dalam hal akan dilakukan peningkatan modal secara langsung, maka berlaku pre-emptive rights sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, sedangkan dalam hal peningkatan modal dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Terbuka melalui Pasar Modal maka tidak tunduk kepada ketentuan Daftar Negatif Investasi.

---

The factors that determine the inflow of investments into a country based on three factors, namely economic opportunities, political stability and the rule of law (legal certainty). Legal certainty is one of the main factors for creating a conductive business climate for investors. In the telecommunications sector, the business of mobile cellular network very closely with foreign investment.

In order to protect the national interest, the government has set restrictions on foreign equity ownership in the operation of mobile cellular networks through Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Investment, and Presidential Regulation Number 36 of 2010 on List of Closed and Open Business Fields with Requirements on Investment. A different understanding of the terms or restrictions on foreign equity ownership is generally known as the Negative Investment List is one cause of legal uncertainty in Indonesia.

This thesis is a study with a normative approach to law (statute approach) which carry out a review of legislation on foreign investments made by mobile cellular network operator in Indonesia.

This thesis concludes that the investment has been approved before the enactment of the Investment Law shall apply the principle of grandfather clause. Then in terms of the capital increase will be carried out directly, then apply pre-emptive rights according to Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, while in the case of capital increase carried out by the Public Company through capital market is not subject to the provisions of the Investment Negative List."

"Due to the lack of internal finance, a country might need a foreign investment. It also happens to Indonesia that is not recovery from its economic problems up to now. One of the solutions to this condition is by giving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). By FDI it is hoped that it can employ a lot of people, and it can reduce the unemployment rate in this country, as a result it can increase the welfare of society.This study will focus on the relation between the given PPh incentives and Japanese Investor behavior in investing its fund, elaborate and analyze Japanese Investor to tax incentives given, and research, formulate and make the analysis on which tax incentive is the best way in inviting Japanese direct investor.This thesis is analytical descriptive which uses qualitative method by scrutinizing data in the form of information, theory from library research, then by analyzing the data to solve the formed case, so that conclusion can be drawn and suggestions and understanding to the influence in giving incentive to foreign direct investment can be given.The references theory in this research is one instrument to invite Japanese direct investment by giving tax incentive. However, tax administration is the key on the success of tax policy.It can be concluded that PPh facility given to tax payers in Indonesia who invest in certain business and area is quite good, in the result of the decrease of netto 30% (thirty percent) as the highest, quicken reduction and amortization, longer loss compensation and given PPh to the dividend as in Article 26 to 10% (ten percent), except if the valid tariff to the tax agreement is lower. Japanese Investors accept this facility positively, but they say it is more interesting if those tax facilities are followed by administration tax which gives law assurance.Tax incentive given by tax law is quite interesting for the Japanese investors to invest in Indonesia, but the regulations do not give the law assurance, they who have the license hope that they will be given the tax incentive as stated in the law, furthermore, it is suggested that the government not only faces on tax incentive to invite foreign direct investment but also is concern on the law assurance, security, eliminating high economy cost and improving infrastructure. Arranged and good tax administration will give law assurance and security to the investors. Furthermore, the license to foreign investors and the given PPh facilities are managed by one institution under one roof."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak kualitas institusi dan pengembangan infrastruktur terhadap aliran penanaman modal asing (PMA) di Asia Tenggara. Dengan menggunakan model regresi dan kumpulan data aliran PMA, efektivitas pemerintahan, kontrol korupsi, penetrasi internet, dan pembentukan modal tetap bruto dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas institusi dan pengembangan infrastruktur secara signifikan memengaruhi aliran PMA di suatu negara. Akan tetapi, negara-negara dengan tata kelola yang efektif, Tingkat korupsi rendah, dan infrastruktur yang kokoh menarik lebih banyak investasi asing. Sehingga, pembuat kebijakan harus fokus pada reformasi institusi, langkah-langkah anti-korupsi, dan investasi dalam infrastruktur untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang menarik bagi investor asing. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang determinan PMA di Asia Tenggara dan memberikan wawasan bagi para pembuat kebijakan.

---

This thesis examines the impact of institutional quality and infrastructure development on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Southeast Asia. Using regression models and a dataset of FDI inflows, government effectiveness, control of corruption, internet penetration, and gross fixed capital formation were analyzed. The results demonstrate that both institutional quality and infrastructure development significantly influence FDI inflows in the region. Countries with effective governance, low corruption, and robust infrastructure attract more foreign investment. Policymakers should focus on institutional reforms, anti-corruption measures, and investments in infrastructure to create an attractive environment for foreign investors. These findings contribute to the understanding of FDI determinants in Southeast Asia and provide insights for policymakers."

"Sastra dalam pengembangan ekonomi terkait Investasi Asing Langsung (FDI) telah banyak diteliti oleh para sarjana, sebagian besar menggunakan data pemotongan lintang atau data rangkaian waktu, namun penelitian mengenai data panel yang melibatkan faktor determinan FDI terhadap sektor dan wilayah secara keseluruhan belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menguji dampak investasi langsung asing terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian di 15 Negara Asia menggunakan metode efek tetap dan efek acak serta diuji dengan uji Hausman menggunakan data sampel dari tahun 1990 hingga 2019. Ditemukan bahwa FDI memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan nilai tambah pertanian. Namun, FDI melalui perkembangan keuangan memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai tambah pertanian. Ditemukan pula bahwa inflasi memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian, sementara formasi modal bruto dan tetap memiliki dampak signifikan dan positif terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian. Di sisi lain, keterbukaan perdagangan memiliki dampak negatif namun tidak signifikan. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi yang diberikan kepada pembuat kebijakan adalah menciptakan kebijakan yang dapat menstabilkan tingkat inflasi serta meringankan kebijakan yang dapat menghambat keterbukaan perdagangan.

---

Literature in the economic development regarding FDI have been widely studied by scholars, mostly used either cross-section or time series data, a panel-data on the determinants of FDI and towards the sectoral region, on the other hand, is understudied. This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment on agriculture growth in 15 Asian Countries using a fixed effect and random effect and further tested with the Hausman test on the sample data ranging from 1990-2019. It is found that FDI has a positive relationship and significant relationship with agriculture value added. However, FDI through financial development has a negative and significant impact on agriculture value added.  It is also found that inflation has a negative and significant impact on agriculture growth while gross and fixed capital formation is found to be significant and positively impacts agriculture growth. On the other hand, trade openness has a negative but non-significant impact. Therefore, a recommendation is for policy maker to create a policy that could stabilize the inflation rate and ease the policy that could inhibit trade openness. "

"Indonesia bertujuan untuk menjadi negara berpenghasilan tinggi pada tahun 2045 yang mengharuskan negara untuk mentransformasi perekonomiannya. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan sektor manufaktur adalah dengan menggunakan penanaman modal asing. Selain itu, penanaman modal asing diyakini dapat mentransfer teknologi ke negara penerima. Dengan menggunakan fixed effect, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa teknologi transfer investasi asing langsung ke Indonesia terlihat pada tingkat produktivitas yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tenaga kerja, produksi, dan modal sebagai saluran mekanisme transfer teknologi di Indonesia. Selain itu, inovasi memengaruhi transfer teknologi sementara tidak terdapat bukti yang kuat untuk mendukung dampak dari penelitian dan pengembangan.

---

Indonesia aims to be a high-income country in 2045, which requires it to transform its economy. One of the ways is by increasing the manufacturing sector using foreign direct investment. In addition, foreign direct investment is believed to transfer technology to the receiving country. By using fixed effect, this study found that foreign direct investment transfer technology to Indonesia which is seen in higher productivity levels. This research discovered that employment, production, and capital as the channel of transfer technology in Indonesia. Furthermore, innovation is found to affect technology transfer, while no evidence is found to support the impact of research and development."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisa peran penanaman modal asing (PMA) dari Korea terhadap perdagangan intra-industri (IIT) Indonesia dan Korea untuk produk manufaktur pada kurun waktu 2000-2013. Menggunakan data tahunan dari World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) pada level produk SITC Rev.3, didekomposisi IIT ke dalam 3 kelompok yaitu horizontal IIT (HIIT), upper vertical IIT (upper VIIT), dan lower vertical IIT (lower VIIT) sesuai Ito dan Okubo (2012). Memanfaatkan data agregasi terkecil, unit value dijadikan proksi pengelompokkan kualitas, hal yang sulit dilakukan dengan agregasi terbesar walaupun yang didapatkan adalah rata-rata harga tahunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PMA Korea secara positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi indeks IIT. Terkait dengan AKFTA, terjadi peningkatan pada lower VIIT namun penurunan indeks IIT.

---

ABSTRACT

This thesis aim to analyze the role of Korea?s Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia and its effect to the extent of intra-industry trade between Korea and Indonesia on manufacture products during the period 2000-2013. Using World Integrated Trade Solution data at the level of SITC Rev. 3, trade is decomposed into 3 group of quality: horizontal IIT (HIIT), upper vertical IIT (upper VIIT), and lower vertical IIT (lower VIIT) in Ito and Okubo (2012). The results in general shows inter industry trade dominates with share of more than 80% of trade. The decomposition of Grubel-Lloyd index into the three intra-industry groups support the notion that the intra-industry trade rose after ASEAN-Korea Free Trade (AKFTA) particularly for the human capital and technology intensive products. Korea?s FDI inflow to Indonesia also shows a positive impact on IIT index of manufacture sector. We agree that AKFTA may bring more imports to Indonesia leading to increase intra-industry trade in lower vertical group."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai kemungkinan investasi asing di klub sepakbolaIndonesia, sebagaimana yang sudah jamak dilakukan di liga-liga sepakbola Eropa,mengingat Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara tujuan investasi (host state)terbesar bagi investor asing di berbagai sektor usaha, salah satunya adalah dalamkepemilikan klub sepakbola profesional yang bernaung dibawah PT sebagai badanhukumnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatifempiris(socio legal) dengan menggunakan dasar teori legal positivism dari Hart danteori middle path dari M. Sornarajah. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa investasiasing dalam kepemilikan klub sepakbola di Indonesia berpotensi menimbulkanmasalah di kemudian hari karena tidak diatur secara jelas dalam DNI. Sebagaikonsekuensi, Indonesia sebaiknya mengkaji agar Revisi DNI selanjutnya jugamemasukkan bidang usaha klub sepakbola sebagai bidang usaha yang terbuka denganpersyaratan.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the possibility of foreign investment in Indonesian football club,as is already done in the plural European football leagues, considering Indonesia isone investment destination (host state), the largest foreign investor in variousbusiness sectors, one of which is in possession professional football club who shelterunder the limited liability company as a legal entity. This study is a qualitativeresearch with normative-empirical approach (socio legal) using the basic theory oflegal positivism of Hart and middle path theory of M. Sornarajah. The results of thestudy suggest that foreign investment in the ownership of football clubs in Indonesiahas the potential to cause problems in the future because it is not clearly regulated inthe negative list. As a consequence, Indonesia should review in order to furtherrevision of negative list also enter the field of business as a football club that is opento the field of business requirements."