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"Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) usually has non-specific signs and symptoms. The patient generally can only feel the pain, and thus complains about the stomatognatic problems without knowing the cause and the source. When the patient's chied compaint is pain, it is important to identify the source of the problem in order to provide appropriate treatment. Applied treatments for TMD can vary enormously. A female patient, age 35, came to the prosthodontic clinic with the chief complaints of pain in the right joint and limitation in mouth opening for past 7 years. In the last 2 weeks, the complaints worsened. With light pressure she could still open her mouth wider but showing deviations. She also complained about headache, tension in the forehead region, and muscle pain in the upper back body. The patient also reported that she has been chewing only on the right side for more than 20 years. Lateral transcranial x-ray showed that there were no visible structural or positional disorders. Thus, jaw exercise was decided as the initial therapy for the patient. WIthin one week, all complaints dissapeared. It was concluded that jaw exercise was a very useful form of treatment for TMD provided that the correct diagnosis is established."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 155-158The causes of TMD are complex and multifactorial, therefore the management should be done by several disciplines. ln this report, a 27-year-old man came to the teaching hospital of the University of Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry's Prosthodontic Department complaining about clicking sound and pain around his right joint. He received orthodontic treatment 9 years ago with removable appliance at a private practice and had 4 premolar extraction. The patient's face looked asymmetric, with a low vertical dimension, a Class II occlusion, and an anterior deep bite. Besides that, he clenched his teeth during emotional stress. Lateral tanscranial photo showed that the position of the left condyle was relatively normal or slightly anterior, and the right condyle was in the superoposterior position in the fossa with an abnormal shape. To solve this problem, the patient was referred to the Orthodontic Deparment to get a correct vertical dimension and normal anterior overbite. After 6 years, the patient was again referred to the prosthodontic Department, but the result was not successful. In order to get the right vertical dimension, an occlusal splint was fabricated to achieve a comfort jaw relation. In this position, the overbite was 2 mm, but space between the upper and lower posterior teeth was 5 mm. In this situation, full veneer crowns were not impossible to fabricate. Finally, to maintain this comfort position, the patient was suggested to wear the occlusal splint and come regularly for control every 6 months."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 421-426Temporomandibular joint disorder may be caused by variety of factors; one of which is the posture of head and neck. However, the remains controversial and a subject of debate by experts. The objective of this study was to know whether there was a relation between temporomandibular disorders and the head and neck posture seen radiographically. Subject were 40 dental students from University of Indonesia who met the inclusion criteria, selected through questionnaire, and subjective examinations based on Helkimo's dysfuction index. Then, lateral cephalometries radiographic were done to all subjects. In the radiogram, a horizontal line was made from the nasion point to the sella tursica, and a vertical line was drawn along the prominent bone of C1 - C5. The angle between the two lines was measured, and used to represent the head and neck posture. The design of the study was cross sectional. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the anamnestic dysfunction index as well as the clinical dysfunction index that represented the temporomandibular joint disorders and the posture of head and neck seen radiographically."

"Latar Belakang: Adanya perubahan pada metode pembelajaran akibat Covid-19 meningkatkan waktu yang dihabiskan untuk menatap layar (screen-time) yang berpotensi mengganggu kualitas tidur mahasiswa kedokteran gigi yang sebelum pandemi ini telah dilaporkan memiliki persentase kualitas tidur buruk yang cukup tinggi. Bedasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, kualitas tidur yang buruk juga dikaitkan dengan insidens TMD. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan TMD pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jenis kelamin dan screen-time terhadap kualitas tidur dan TMD. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 110 mahasiswa Program Pendidikan Kedokteran Gigi dan Program Profesi Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) dan Indeks Diagnostik – Temporomandibular Disorder (ID-TMD) secara daring melalui google form. Hasil Penelitian: Uji Chi-Square menujukkan kualitas tidur memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan TMD pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi selama pandemi Covid-19 (p=0.035). Hubungan yang bermakna juga ditunjukkan antara screen-time dengan kualitas tidur (p=0.027), namun tidak dengan TMD (p=0.489). Jenis kelamin juga tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna, baik dengan kualitas tidur (p=0.974) maupun TMD (p=0.902). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan TMD pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi selama pandemi Covid-19.Terdapat pula hubungan antara screen-time dengan kualitas tidur. Namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara screen-time dengan TMD, serta jenis kelamin dengan kualitas tidur maupun TMD.

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Background: Changes in learning methods and increased screen-time due to Covid-19 pandemic may lead dental students to poor sleep quality. Based on previous studies, poor sleep quality also associated with the incidence of TMD. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and TMD in dental students during Covid-19 pandemic. This study also aims to analyze the influence of gender and screen-time to sleep quality and TMD. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 pre-clinical and clinical year students of Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and TMD was evaluated using Indeks Diagnostik – Temporomandibular Disorder (ID-TMD) questionnaire. Retrieval of data using questionnaires distributed and collected online. Result: The result of Chi-Square test showing there is relationship between sleep quality and TMD in dental students during Covid-19 pandemic (p=0.035). Significant relationship was also showed between screen-time and sleep quality (p=0.027), but not with TMD (p=0.489). There is no relationship between gender and sleep quality (p=0.974) as well as TMD (p=0.902). Conclusion: This study shows that there is relationship between sleep quality and TMD in dental students during Covid-19 Pandemic. Significant relationship was also found between screen-time and sleep quality. However, no relationship was found between screen-time and TMD along with gender and sleep quality as well as TMD."

"Since the temporomandibular joints are components of the stomatognathic system that dentist is most familiar with problems relating to this joints must be recognized, understood and treated by dentists. A comprehensive evaluation of this joint problems must include the radiographic examination. Transcranio lateral is the most commonly used of all conventional TMJ radiographic projection from the lateral aspect that shows the condyle, fossa and eminence as well as the condylar fossa relationship in selected functional movements, but which is not free from superimposed of the adjacent structures. A modified positioning device has been developed over this past years to overcome these superinposition problems. The use of "Condy ray" and "Accurad 200" apparatus that have some advantages over the standard transcraniolateral radiographic projection will be discussed in this paper."

"Pre-prosthetic treatment is very important step to get a successful prosthodontic treatment. This study reported a case of a patient with missing teeth on left and right lower first and second molar with TMJ symptoms. Other symptoms felt by the patients were car pain and shoulder pain. After detailed examination, pre-prosthetic treatment needed by the patient was the TMH treatment. The usage of occlusal splint as one of the methods to treat the TMD where i.e. eliminate the occlusal disorder to reduce the neuromuscular activity and to regain a stable centric relation. After the splint treatment, an open bite on the posterior teeth appeared. To solve this problem, a removable frame prosthesis enhanced with overlay rest was fabricated. With this prosthesis, the TMJ symptoms stopped recurring. It was concluded that to achieve a successful prosthesis a detailed and comprehensive treatment was needed including the pre-prosthetic treatment along with the patient's motivation and cooperation."

"The increase of pain symptoms in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) challenges the scientists to find a more effective therapy. The popular treatment of the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are eg occlusal splints, orthodontic treatment, electromyographic biofeedback, medication, etc. Among these splint therapy is more successful than the others especially in dealing with pain in the TMJ. Orthodontics as a treatment for the TMD quite often creates new complains on TMJ during and/or after treatment. The extrusion of the posterior teeth in reducing anterior deep overbite have been proposed as possible cause of TMD. This paper reported that a relaxation splint was an effective solution to relieve the pain in the TMJ for the orthodontic patients where occlusal factors were related. One mounth after the splint therapy, the pain in the TMJ was slowly dissapeared, and the orthodontic treatment can be continued with the splint as an occlusal height guidance."

"Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gangguan sendi temporomandibula terhadap aktivitasotot mastikasi. Metode penelitian: Subjek merupakan pasien dengan tipe wajahdolichofacial berusia 15 - 35 tahun yang belum melakukan perawatan ortodonti, yaitu 11dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula dan 11 tanpa gangguan senditemporomandibula sebagai kontrol. Pemeriksaan elektromiografi pada otot masseter dantemporalis anterior dilakukan dengan menginstruksikan pasien menggigit cotton rollsselama 5 detik. Perhitungan Root Mean Square dari pemeriksaan EMG masing-masingotot dibandingkan dengan uji T tidak berpasangan dan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil:Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara akticvitas otot kanan masseter, kiri masseter,dan kanan temporalis anterior pada pasien maloklusi dengan dan tanpa gangguan senditemporomandibula yang memiliki tipe wajah dolichofacial. Terdapat korelasi negatifantara otot mastikasi tersebut dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Kesimpulan:Pasien dolichofacial dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula memiliki aktivitas ototmasseter dan otot temporalis anterior yang lebih lemah jika dibandingkan dengan pasientanpa gangguan sendi temporomandibula

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Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of temporomandibular joint

disorder (TMD) on surface electromyography activity in the masticatory muscles.

Methods: Dolichofacial patients (n = 22) aged 15 to 35 years were examined: 11 with

TMD and 11 control subjects without TMD. A standardized surface electromyography

recording was performed on the masticatory muscle during 5 s of maximum voluntary

clenching on cotton rolls. The root mean square value of each muscle was calculated and

analyzed for differences using an unpaired Student’s t-test. Spearman’s correlation

coefficients (r) were calculated for the determination of correlations between TMD and

root mean square values. Results: Surface electromyography revealed significant

differences in the right temporal, right and left masseter during maximum voluntary

clenching. Both sides of the masseter and right temporal also showed a negative

correlation with TMD. During maximum voluntary clenching, TMD patients had

relatively lower elevator muscle activity. Conclusions: Electromyographic activities in

the masseter muscles were lower in dolichofacial patients with TMD than non-TMD

controls. Surface electromyography of masticatory muscles may assist the clinical

assessment of TMD patients."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi kecemasan pada mahasiswa lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada populasi umum. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain faktor akademis, status sosioekonomi, faktor budaya, moral, psikologis, dan biologis. Tingginya tingkat kecemasan juga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa, serta mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin, status sosioekonomi (tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan jumlah pendapatan keluarga), dan faktor budaya (asal daerah) dengan kecemasan dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa.Metode: Studi dengan desain cross-sectional berupa kuesioner online, yang disebarkan pada bulan November 2021 kepada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia dengan jumlah responden 527 mahasiswa. Kuesioner yang diberikan merupakan State-Trait Anxiety Inventory yang terdiri dari 2 bagian dengan total 40 pertanyaan dan berfungsi untuk mengukur kecemasan, serta Temporomandibular Disorder Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) yang berjumlah 8 pertanyaan dan digunakan untuk mengukur gangguan sendi temporomandibula.Hasil Penelitian: Uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0.05) kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Uji korelasi kendall menunjukkan kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, memiliki korelasi bermakna yang bersifat positif dan lemah terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0.05) jenis kelamin terhadap kecemasan,baik A-State maupun A-Trait. Kemudian, uji korelasi kendall menunjukkan jenis kelamin memiliki korelasi bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecemasan. Namun, uji continuity correctionmenunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna (p 0.05) jenis kelamin terhadap gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Uji chi-square juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p 0.05) status sosioekonomi (tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan jumlah pendapatan keluarga) dan faktor budaya (asal daerah) terhadap kecemasan dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa. Terdapat pula hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, pada mahasiswa. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula, serta status sosioekonomi (tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan jumlah pendapatan keluarga) dan faktor budaya (asal daerah) dengan kecemasan, baik A-State maupun A-Trait, dan gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa.

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Background: The prevalence of anxiety in college students are higher than in general population. This can be influenced by several factors, including academic, socioeconomic status, cultural, moral, and also biological factors. The high level of anxiety also increases the risk of temporomandibular disorder in college students.

Objective: This study aims to find out the association between anxiety and temporomandibular disorder, and also find out the association between gender, socioeconomic status (parental education and monthly family income), and cultural factor (origin) with anxiety and temporomandibular disorder in college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using online questionnaire of 527 students from University of Indonesia, that conducted on November 2021. There are two given questionnaires, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that consisted of two part and 40 questions in total to assess anxiety, and Temporomandibular Disorder Diagnostic Index that consisted of 8 questions tao assess temporomandibular disorder.

Result: The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of temporomandibular disorder based on anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait. The kendall correlation test showed that temporomandibular disorder, have positive and weak statistically significant correlation to anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait. The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait, based on gender. The kendall correlation test also showed that gender, have positive and weak statistically significant correlation to anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait. However, the continuity correction test showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p 0.05) of temporomandibular disorder based on gender. The chi-square test also showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p 0.05) of anxiety, either A-State and A-Trait, and temporomandibular disorder based on socioeconomic status (parental education and monthly family income) and cultural factor (origin).

Conclusion: There was an association between anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait, and temporomandibular disorder, as well as gender and anxiety, either A-State or A-Trait, in college students. However, no association was found between gender and temporomandibular disorder, as well as socioeconomic status (parental education and monthly family income) and cultural factor (origin) with anxiety,either A-State or A-Trait, and temporomandibular disorder in college students. "