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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 221-223Hypersensitivity of dentine is a common problem and may occur in a specific tooth, in several teeth, or in one area of the mouth and with various intensity of pain. The most accepted theory related to dentinal hypersensitivity is the hydrodynamic theory. This paper will discuss the iontophoresis with fluor to overcome the problem of hypersensitivity."

"Latar Belakang: Remineralisasi dentin dapat dicapai melalui beberapa metode, diantaranya secara Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) dalam sistem Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP). Remineralisasi secara GTR terbukti dapat meremineralisasi affected dentin dengan membentuk mineral intrafibrillar dan ekstrafibrillar. Melalui sistem PILP, kristal terbentuk dengan ukuran kecil sehingga remineralisasi lebih banyak terjadi secara intrafibrillar. Penambahan fluor dalam sistem PILP diharapkan dapat membentuk kristal fluoroapatit yang berukuran lebih besar dan mampu menyempurnakan remineralisasi hingga ke ekstrafibrillar. Penelitian yang ada selama ini hanya berfokus pada permukaan dentin, sedengkan belum terdapat penelitian untuk membuktikan remineralisasi dengan penambahan fluor yang terjadi pada dinding tubulus dentin. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fluor 5ppm dan 25ppm dalam sistem PILP terhadap perubahan topografi dinding tubulus dentin dan persentase fluoroapatit. Metode: Sampel blok dentin terdemineralisasi direndam pada larutan remineralisasi dengan penambahan 5ppm dan 25ppm fluor. Sampel blok dentin kemudian akan dipotong lintang menggunakan metode fraktur lalu diamati dan dianalisis menggunakan uji FE-SEM dan XRD. Hasil: Terjadi perubahan topografi pada dinding tubulus dentin setelah dilakukan remineralisasi melalui proses PILPdengan penambahan 5ppm dan 25ppm fluor selama 14 hari yang dievaluasi secara deskriptif menggunakan FE-SEM. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik penambahan fluor pada larutan remineralisasi PILP terhadap persentase fasa mineral fluoroapatit, namun secara substansi terjadipeningkatan persentase fluorapatit. Kesimpulan: Penambahan fluor dalam sistem PILP berpengaruh terhadap perubahan topografi dinding tubulus dentin dan persentasefluoroapatit.

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Background: Dentine remineralization can be achieved through several methods,

including Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) in the Polymer-Induced Liquid

Precursor (PILP) system. GTR remineralization has been shown to remineralize

affected dentin by forming intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar minerals. Through the PILP

system, crystals are formed with small sizes so that more remineralization occurs

intrafibrillarly. The addition of fluorine in the PILP system is expected to form larger

fluoroapatite crystals and be able to complete the remineralization to extrafibrillar. Existing research so far has only focused on the dentin surface, although there has been no research to prove remineralization with the addition of fluorine that occurs in the dentine tubule walls. Objective: To determine the effect of adding 5ppm and 25ppm fluorine in the PILP system on changes in the topography of the dentinal tubule walls and the percentage of fluoroapatite. Methods: Demineralized dentine block samples were immersed in remineralization solution with the addition of 5 ppm and 25 ppm fluorine. The dentine block samples will then be cross-sectioned using the fracture method and then observed and analyzed using the FE-SEM and XRD tests. Results: Topographical changes occurred in the dentinal tubule walls after remineralization through the PILP process with the addition of 5ppm and 25ppm fluorine for 14 days which were evaluated descriptively using FE-SEM. The results of the XRD analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the addition of fluorine to the percentage of fluoroapatite mineral phase in the addition of fluorine to the percentage of fluoroapatite, but in substance there was an increase in the percentage of fluorapatite. Conclusion: The addition of fluorine in the PILP system affected the topography of the dentinal tubule walls and the percentage of fluoroapatite."

"Pendahuluan : Pemeriksaan high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) menjadi pilihan metode pemeriksaan penunjang untuk penegakan diagnosis hipersensitif pneumonitis. Dengan belum adanya pemeriksaan baku emas penegakan diagnosis maka perlu ditelaah mengenai keakuratan penggunaan metode penunjang penegakan diagnosis tersebut.Metode : metode pencarian artikel menggunakan pubmed dan scopus serta melakukan skrining artikel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil pencarian artikel tersebut kemudian dilakukan telaah dengan menggunakan kriteria penilaian validitas, tingkat pentingnya hasil yang didapat pada penelitian tersebut, dan kemampu-terapan.Hasil : Hasil pencarian didapatkan sebanyak 415 artikel dari Pubmed dan 343 artikel dari Scopus. Ditemukan hanya 2 (dua) artikel uji diagnosis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, eksklusi dan metode PICO yang ditetapkan sebelumnya. Artikel pertama oleh Lynch dkk (1992) ditemukan sensitivitas 45 %, spesifisitas 90 % dan akurasi diagnosis sebesar 74 %. Artikel kedua oleh Rival G (2016) dkk menemukan nilai sensitivitas 66 %, spesifisitas 96 % dan akurasi diagnostik sebesar 86 %. Sehingga terbukti bahwa pemeriksaan high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) sebagai metode / alat penegakan diagnosis hipersensitif pneumonitis memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik namun tidak cukup akurat sebagai alat skrining diagnosis hipersensitif pneumonitis.

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Introduction : High resolution computer tomography (HRCT) examination becomes the preferred method of investigation for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In the absence of a gold standard of diagnosis, it is important to examine the sensitivity and specificity of this method.

Method : The articles searching methods by using Pubmed and Scopus and screening the articles with inclution and exclution criteria which were predetermined, articles were than performed using the assesment criteria of validity, importance, and ability applied.

Result : The results were 415 articles from Pubmed and 343 articles from Scopus. 2 (two) articles diagnostic test were found in accordance with the inclution, exclution criteria and PICO methods which were predetermined. These articles were than performed a systematic review of articles and the result was valid. The first Article by Lynch et all (1992) found 45 % sensitivity, 90 % specificity and the accuration of diagnose was 74 % and the second article by Rival G et all (2016) found 66 % sensitivity, 96 % specificity and the accuration of diagnose was 86 %. There were found an evidence about using the accuration of high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) as a tool for diagnosis hypersensitivity pneumonitis was good. But the accuracy was not accurate enough as a screening tool for hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Conclusion : using high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) is more acurate as a diagnostic examination than a screening method."

"Hospitalisasi dengan berbagai ketidaknyamanan bagi anak akan berdampak bagi tumbuh kembang berikutnya. Kolcaba dengan teori kenyamanan yang holistik dan bersifat individual bertujuan untuk mengatasi ketidaknyamanan anak. Hal ini sesuai dengan filosofi keperawatan anak yaitu atraumatic care. Salah satu bentuk ketidaknyamanan yang dialami anak adalah nyeri. Pelaksanaan asuhan tanpa trauma dalam mengatasi nyeri pada anak melalui pendekatan teori kenyamanan Kolcaba yaitu melalui penerapan EBNP menggunakan Buzzy Pain Relief. Hasil pemberian asuhan keperawatan menggunakan model teori kenyamanan Kolcaba ini dapat diaplikasikan pada anak dengan masalah nyeri.

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Hospitalization with various discomforts for children for example needle insertion procedure impacts the growth and development. Kolcaba with holistic and individual comfort theory is expected to overcome the discomfort of the child. This is according to pediatric nursing philosophy of atraumatic care. One of the discomforts that children experience is pain. Implementation of atraumatic care to reduce discomfort like pain through the approach theory of comfort Kolcaba is to use Buzzy Pain Relief. The results of nursing care using this model Kolcaba comfort theory can be applied to children with pain problems. "

"Nyeri pasca bedah merupakan salah satu penyebab nyeri akut yang paling umum. Penanganan nyeri yang efektif merupakan komponen fundamental dari pelayanan pasien yang berkualitas. Di RS Prima Medika belum ada protokol standar penanganan nyeri pasca bedah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur intensitas nyeri pasien pasca bedah di RS Prima Medika, membuat protokol standar penanganan nyeri pasca bedah di RS Prima Medika dalam mewujudkan pelayanan yang berkualitas dan aman bagi pasien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi intensitas nyeri pada pasien pasca laparotomi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan serta telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas nyeri pada periode 24 jam pasca bedah adalah nyeri ringan, pada periode 48 jam pasca bedah intensitas nyeri bervariasi antara nyeri ringan sampai sedang dengan prosedur penanganan nyeri yang tidak terarah dengan baik. Diperlukan suatu SOP untuk memberikan penanganan nyeri pasca bedah yang optimal.

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Fundamental component to serve a quality service to the patient. There is no Standard operating procedure in pain management in Prima Medika Hospital. The aim of this study is to measure the intensity of pain in postoperative patient in this hospital, to arrange a standard operating procedure for postoperative pain management to serve a quality and safe service to the patient.

This is a qualitative descriptive study where data were collect by observed pain intensity in post laparotomy patient, in-depth interviews with the informans and reviewed documents.

Result show that pain intensity in 24 hours after surgery were mild, and in 48 hours the pain intensity were mild to moderate with no proper protocol. A standard operatimg procedure is needed to give the best pain management to the patient"

"Spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) merupakan teknik penggabungan dari sistem energi tubuh dan terapispiritualitas dengan menggunakan metode tapping pada beberapa titik tertentu pada tubuh. Teknik SEFT ini berfokuspada kata atau kalimat tertentu yang diucapkan berulang kali dengan ritme yang teratur disertai sikap pasrah kepadaTuhan sesuai dengan keyakinan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi SEFT dalammengurangi nyeri pada pasien kanker. Metode quasi-eksperimental dengan pre test and post test design dengankelompok kontrol digunakan pada 20 sampel (2 kelompok) yang dipilih dengan cara consecutive sampling. Kelompokintervensi diberikan kombinasi intervensi SEFT dan terapi analgesik, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diberikanterapi analgesik. Intervensi SEFT dilakukan setelah pemberian analgesik dengan durasi 5-10 menit setiap hari selamalima hari. Pengukuran nyeri dilakukan menggunakan numeric rating scale (NRS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakombinasi intervensi SEFT dan terapi analgesik lebih efektif untuk menurunkan nyeri pada pasien kanker dibandingkanhanya terapi analgesik saja. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri pada pasien kanker sertamendorong kemandirian dalam peran autonomi perawat dan mengurangi kebergantungan pasien pada terapi analgetik.Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Intervension to Reduce Cancer Patients’ Pain. Spiritualemotional freedom technique (SEFT) represents an combination technique from body’s energy system and spiritualtherapy by tapping at certain points of the body. SEFT focuses on certain words or sentences pronounced several timesin a rhythm, follows by resignation to God as in patients’ belief. This research was aimed to explore the effect of SEFTintervention to reduce of cancer pain patients at the Dr Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya. Quasi experimental wereused in this study using pre test and post test design with control group. Samples, 20 respondents (in 2 groups) wererecruited using consecutive sampling. The intervention group received SEFT intervention combined with analgesictherapy and the control group given only analgesic therapy. SEFT intervention implemented after administratinganalgesic, for 5-10 minutes every day during five days. Pain was measured using numeric rating scale (NRS). Thecombination SEFT intervention and analgesic therapy was more effective than only analgesic therapy. SEFT can beemployed for cancer patients to relieve their pain. Nursing intervention with SEFT encourages nurse’s role autonomyand steps to reduce patient’s dependency on analgesic therapy."

"Latar belakang: Nyeri leher merupakan salah satu keluhan muskuloskeletal tersering menduduki urutan ke 2 setelah nyeri punggung bawah dalam menyebabkan disabilitas, kehilangan produktivitas dalam pekerjaan dan rekurensi. Nyeri leher berhubungan dengan berbagai hendaya dan disabilitas mulai dari nyeri, kekakuan, gangguan keseimbangan, kognitif dan gangguan emosi serta mempengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari dan berpengaruh pada kualitas hidup. Pengukuran disabilitas akibat nyeri leher menggunakan self-reported questionnaire yang sahih dan andal menjadi komponen penting dalam evaluasi dan pemantauan nyeri, disabilitas dan keadaan psikososial pada pasien nyeri leher. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menilai kesahihan dan keandalan Neck Disability Index (NDI) untuk mengukur disabilitas pasien nyeri leher di Indonesia. Metode: Kuesioner NDI orisinil dalam bahasa Inggris diterjemahkan dengan metode adaptasi transkultural dari Mapi Research Trust ke bahasa Indonesia melalui proses forward translation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing dan proofreading. Kuesioner NDI bahasa Indonesia yang telah disetujui oleh peneliti dan pengelola kuesioner dinilai kesahihan dan keandalannya dengan diuji pada 50 pasien nyeri leher di Poliklinik Rehabilitasi Medik RS Cipto Mangunkusumo. Kesahihan konstruksi dinilai dengan menggunakan korelasi antar item terhadap skor total. Keandalan dinilai dengan konsistensi internal berdasarkan Cronbach alpha dan keandalan test-retest yang dinilai dalam jangka waktu 2-3 jam dengan kuesioner kedua yang telah dirandomisasi. Hasil: Subjek penelitian berada pada rentang usia 45.3±14.7 tahun dengan 74% merupakan perempuan. Kesahihan konstruksi dari kuesioner didapatkan korelasi sedang – kuat dengan koefisien korelasi 0.416-0.761. Konsistensi internal didapatkan baik dengan Cronbach 0.839. Keandalan test-retest didapatkan baik dengan intraclass correlation sebesar 0.92 (95% CI 0.86-0.955). Kesimpulan: Kuesioner Neck Disability Index bahasa Indonesia merupakan kuesioner yang sahih dan andal dalam penilaian disabilitas pada pasien nyeri leher.

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Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaint and ranks second after low back pain. It causes disability, loss of productivity at work and recurrence. Neck pain is associated with various disabilities ranging from pain, stiffness, balance disorders, cognitive and emotional disorders and affects daily activities and quality of life. Measurement of disability due to pain using self-reported questionnaires that is valid and reliable becomes an important component in the evaluation and monitoring of pain, disability and psychosocial conditions in neck pain patients. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of Neck Disability Index (NDI) to measure disability in neck pain patients in Indonesia.

Method: The original English NDI questionnaire was translated using the transcultural adaptation method from Mapi Research Trust into Indonesian through the process of forward translation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing and proofreading. The Indonesian NDI questionnaire which was approved by the NDI developer was assessed for validity and reliability by being tested on 50 neck pain patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Polyclinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The construct validity was assessed using the item-total correlation. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency based on Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability which was assessed within a period of 2-3 hours with a second randomized questionnaire.

Results: The research subjects were in the age range of 45.3±14.7 years with 74% being women. The validity of the construction of the questionnaire obtained a moderate - strong correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.416-0.761. Internal consistency was good with Cronbach 0.839. Test-retest reliability was good with an intraclass correlation of 0.92 (95% CI 0.86-0.955).

Conclusion: The Indonesian Neck Disability Index questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire in assessing disability in neck pain patients."

"Penanganan masalah nyeri secara non-farmakologi dengan terapi musik belum digunakan secara optimal di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dari berbagai sumber literatur mengenai manfaat terapi musik dan untuk membuat rekomendasi penelitian terkait standar operasional prosedur terapi musik terhadap penurunan nyeri setelah tindakan pembedahan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan artikel penelitian eksperimental terkait terapi musik pada anak usia 0-18 tahun. Desain penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan pencarian artikel menggunakan database ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Sage Journal. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 2917 artikel penelitian dengan kata kunci children, music therapy, pain, pediatric, post operative, dan post surgery. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 8 artikel yang dianalisis sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu 1) artikel jurnal dengan penelitian eksperimental terkait terapi musik untuk penanganan nyeri setelah pembedahan pada anak, 2) literatur berbahasa Inggris, dan 3) literatur yang dipublikasikan dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu jika literatur yang diterbitkan dalam database tidak lengkap hanya berupa abstrak. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa terapi musik efektif sebagai penatalaksanaan nyeri setelah tindakan pembedahan serta telah dibuat rekomendasi standar operasional prosedur terkait terapi musik pada anak. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk perawat dalam penanganan nyeri secara non-farmakologi pada anak setelah pembedahan dengan penerapan terapi musik.

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Non-pharmacological therapy for pain with music has not been used optimally in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to analyze from various sources of literature on the benefits of music therapy and to make research recommendations related to the operational standard of music therapy procedures for pain after surgery. The method used in this study was literature review by collected experimental research related to music therapy in children aged 0-18 years. The design of this study was to collect article using the ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Sage Journal databases. In this study, 2917 research articles were obtained with the keywords children, music therapy, pain, pediatrics, post-surgery, post-surgery. Then 8 articles were analyzed with inclusion criteria 1) articles with experimental research related to music therapy for reduce pain after surgery in children, 2) English-language literature, and 3) literature that can be used in the last 10 years. The exclusion criteria in this study is that if the literature published in the database is incomplete it only contains abstracts. Based on studies conducted, that music therapy is effective as pain management after surgery and standard operating procedure recommendation has been made for children in this study. The results is expected to be useful for nurses to application of music therapy for pain management after surgery."

"The hypersensitive reaction (HR) jn plants is a plant defense system against pathogen attack. HR is characterized by the rapid death of infected cells accompanying the formation of necrotic lessions in which pathogens are thought to be enclosed. Following the early signaling events activated by pathogen attack, the elicitor signals are often amplified through the generation of secondary signal molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonate acid (JA). Some studies have shown thai SA- and JA-signaling pathways are interconnected in complicated ways and it is still not clear how defense response is modulated by SA and JA. To understand better the involvement of JA. the action of MeJA on harpin-induced HR was investigated by using tobacco plant (wildtype and transgenic carrying a chimeric gene of PSPAL2 promoter and GUS gene. Leaves of of tobacco were infiltrated with harpin and MeJA. The results from HR assay and GUS histochemical staining showed that induction of HR by harpin (250 ug/ml) seems to be modulated by 100 uM MeJA. These results suggest that exogenenously application of MeJA will affect the endogenous concentration in plant that will become a switching point for MeJA to lead the potentiation or suppression of defense response."