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"Desa Madakaripura adalah desa milik Patih Gajah Mada, patih Kerajaan Majapahit yang sangat terkenal. Namun, hingga saat ini belum jelas lokasi Desa Madakaripura itu. Menurut Prapañca pada tahun 1359 desa itu berada di wilayah Pasuruan. Tulisan ini mengupayakan penemuan desa itu. Dengan metode analisis toponim dan peta-peta akan dicoba untuk dipastikan letak Madakaripura dengan seteliti mungkin agar ahli arkeologi Indonesia bisa mencari situsnya. Sebagai kesimpulan, kemungkinan besar Madakaripura terletak di sebelah tenggara enam kilometer dari kota Pasuruan."

"This paper discusses about speech levels in Sasak, the language of the indigenious people of the island of Lombok, examining the style, meaning and some historical background of the speech levels. Based on the data, it shows that Sasak, like Javanese and Balinese, also contains low, mid, high and few honorific vocabularies which are assumed to have been borrowed from Javanese (Steven, 1975; Nothofer, 1975). However, the use of the high and honorific variations are scarecly heard in the everyday common Sasaks conversation. In most occurrences, the high speech level is pronounced only among the so called menak Sasaks and its surrounding. Therefore, it rejects the idea that Sasak speech levels is as elaborate and complex as Javanese due to the fact that Sasak has only a few high and honorific vocabularies known by the Sasak aristocracy."

"In the Universitets-Bibliotheek (UB) Leiden there is a pile of Banten letters that are bundled in Cod.Or. 2241 Illb. The 17th (No. 80) letter is a letter from Sultan Anom to the Governour General Willem Arnold Alting and Raad van Indie in Batavia. The content of the letter, which is undated and written in Javanese hanacaraka, is an approval of Sultan given to Raad van Indie for the building of a new house in Indramayu. Based on the codicological analysis of the shape, kind of paper, seal, scripts, and the language, it can be concluded that those letters in the budle were in fact not sent form Sultan Anom of Banten but form Sultan Kanoman of Cirebon."

"Teaching Indonesian for Foreign Learners or Indonesian as a Foreign Language (IFL) is different from teaching Indonesian as a first language. The differences are due to the characteristics of the learners. IFL learners generally are adults who have language and cultural background and learning style different from those Indonesian learners have. These differences demand IFL teachers and instructors to prepare teaching-learning materials and the activities of the teaching-learning process in the classroom that are relevant to the learners? needs. Understanding the entry level behavior of the learners, the teaching materials, the teaching-learning approach, and the evalution process is of crucial importance in order to fulfill their needs. Learning needs analysis of IFL learners is also a prerequisite to developing adequate teaching-learning materials of IFL."

"Walaupun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manfaat koreksi kesalahan padatulisan siswa bertentangan satu dengan yang lain, pengajar bahasa tidak dapatberhenti mengoreksi kesalahan-keslahan karena siswa sendiri menginginkanpengajar mengoreksi kesalahan-kesalahan mereka (Walz 1982). Masalahnyaadalah harapan siswa kerap kali berbeda dengan keyakinan pengajar tentangkoreksi kesalahan (Diab 2006). Kajian ini ingin mengetahui keinginan paramahasiswa dan pengajar di Universitas di Indonesia tentang koreksi kesalahantulisan mahasiswa. Sebuah kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan kuesioneryang digunakan Leki (1991) dan kuesioner yang digunakan Diab (2006)digunakan untuk mengetahui keinginan pengajar dan mahasiswa tentangteknik koreksi dan keyakinan mereka tentang koreksi kesalahan tulisan yangeffektif. Kuesioner ini dibagikan kepada mahasiswa dan pengajar di Indonesia.Jawaban pengajar dibandingkan dengan jawaban mahasiswa. Bila pengajar danmahasiswa memahami tujuan dari teknik koreksi kesalahan tertentu dan setujudengan penggunaannya, koreksi kesalahan diyakini akan sangat bermanfaat.Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, beberapa implikasi bagi pengajaran bahasa di kelasdibahas."

"Jalan Menikung is one of the unique literary works. The uniqueness is reflectedin both the cultural background and the elements of culture. This indicates that the authorhas rich experiences in culture. The cultural values in this literary work do not only belongto the ethnic culture in Indonesia, but also to other cultures. Jalan Menikung is influencedby the authors experiences which he absorbed from other cultures, when he made a tour tosome places in the world. The crux of the problem in this literary work is concerned withJavanese people and their culture, which is influenced by modern culture, especially American,Japanese,Chinese, and Minangkabau."

"Sutan Nadal as the main character of this tale became the Prime Minister of Majapahit kingdom in Java. He was known as Gajah Mada. This is interesting to be studied since the origin of Gajah Mada has not been known yet. This Minangkabau classical tale, in Lévi-Strauss structuralism context, should not been put in controversy based on the history and reality. The story, which is believed by certain society and regarded as a true story, could be regarded as a tale by other societies.The sintagmatic relation—relation of characters with others in the story—shows paradigmatic relation—relation of the various characters in the same level. The analysis of the story also found two bundles of relations. They are a bundle of aristocracy relation and a bundle of government relation between Minangkabau and Majapahit kingdom. The analysis of the relation of the characters and bundles of relations reveal the surface structure which shows relations among elements that could be built based on the external characters or empirical characters of the relation, such as family stucture of each characters.The ‘Bujang Jauh’ tale contain the culture of Minangkabau culture which has been extinct. Based on the tale, it is known that a certain society has a whole social system in which all the members have the same tradition and language. Culture is not so simple which is happen instantly. Each society has different culture."

"Ternate Malay is a local variety of Malay in Ternate, a small island in the Maluku Utara province in eastern Indonesia. The majority of speakers live in Ternate town, where it serves as mother tongue as well as a means of communication between people of various ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. In the last few decades there is a growing scholarly interest in local Malay varieties, particularly in the eastern part of Indonesia. This article is a short description of Ternate Malay based on the idea that words in Ternate Malay receive their meaning in the combination with other words and that the linguistic context as well as the non-linguistic situation in which they occur, determine the most suitable interpretation of utterances. It is shown how certain words facilitate the determination of the interpretation."