Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"There are two arguments that have led scholars and politicians turning their attention into local autonomy issues concerning current discourse and practice of the political resource management systems in Indonesia. Firstly, it is argued that the authoritarian and centralized political and resource management systems of the New Order regime has led Indonesia to a multi crisis situation. Secondly, one of the main strategies coping with this problem is to give local autonomy to the local government and communities to develop their own ways to organize their political and resource management systems. This article challenges the arguments. Two cases of conflict concerning Grouper fishing business-using a symbolic interactionism approach-the author argues that even in the New Order era, there are some indications that local elites, and even ordinary members of the communities, practiced some sort of local autonomy. The discussed cases show that local elites and communities, with power in their hands, will not always develop an effective, just, and sustainable political and resource management systems."

"Natural resource management discourse and practice, as in politics but in different level, are shifting from centralized to local autonomy. Consequently, local government has to undertake many tasks. One important task is to formulate natural resource management policy that can contribute to enhance social welfare without disturbing natural resource sustainability. Hence, it is useful to evaluate existing management practices to learn its weaknesses and strengths as the basis in formulating new management policy. This article discussed conflict potential among stakeholders in the exploitation of sea natural resources in Kei islands, Southeast Mollucan. By analyzing the conflict, the discussion will identify stakeholders and power relations among them (interests, strategies and resource controls) to reveal challenges in natural resource management practices in the local autonomy era."

"Marine tenure in Maluku has become the main focus in the discussion of traditional marine resource management in Indonesia. Unfortunately, this discussion remains unbalanced in the use of an approach which excessively emphasizes questions on the modes of sea resource management. The agents of management, together with the socio-cultural aspects of such people on relation to resource use, are barely raised. Based on these concerns, this paper will highlight the social context of marine tenure practices in Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku. Focusing on a conflict over coastal boundaries between two villages on Kei Besar Island, the paper demonstrates how people use the issue of marine tenure in the discourse and practice of precedence. The conflict reveals the power struggles of two social groups, the mel (noble) and the ren ('free people'), involved in the issue of sea territory and how each group interpreted and responded to changes occurring in their environment"

"In this article I discuss the impact of Village Law No.5, 1979 on the social actions of local elites. Using a case study of a traditional community (marga) located in Lahat, South Sumatera, I argue that Village Law No.5, 1979 did not marginalize tradition or the traditional community. At a practical or behavioral level, actors, in this case local elites used both tradition and Village Law as references for their actions. However, these two structures, tradition and Village Law were subject to selection. The selection was based on the actors understanding about particular context and the goal(s) of their actions. When tradition offered efficient means for achieving their goals, they selected tradition as a reference point for their behavior. In another context, when they saw that the Village Law offered more to suit their interest, they referred to it. It was also possible that, in a particular context, actors used and ignored the existence of some elements of both structures. In conclusion, I suggest that despite the fact that the application of the Village Law should have been understood to replace the traditional system of marga, people still used it as reference for their actions. Therefore, it would be misleading to say that Village Law has marginalized the traditional social organization."

"In this article, the author argues for the inappropriateness of the government's policy and approach in its efforts to 'develop' the indigenous people who have been categorized as 'masyarakat terasing'. Through his analysis on the program of Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Terasing (PKMT), the author assumes that the program has failed. He examines the failure by looking closely at the livelihood of Orang Laut in Indragiri Hilir, the fishermen, who used to live collectively along the seashore and spend most of their time in boats. They refused to stay in the resettlement village which was provided by the government who did not base its program on the social-cultural-economic reality."

"This article analyses forest resources management in Tana Toa, South Sulawesi, headed by Ammatoa. Keammatoan membership is divided into Ilalang embaya or adat area and Ipantaran gembaya or outside adat area. The adat allows possibility of empowering local institutions to manage forest resources in the context of regional autonomy. This paper discusses to what extent Ammatoa leadership and adat have been used for managing forest resources through reflective mutual understanding process which lead to the transformation to an open community."

"This article discusses the cultural history sketch of Orang Suku Laut (the Sea Tribe) and its implications for social relations patterns with the Malays in Riau Islands, Indonesia. Problems arise now in nomadic ethnic tribe when they interacting with the Malays. Many Malays people perceive Orang Suku Laut as a backward or primitive people. This point of view emerged from a long history of Orang Suku Laut in Riau Islands, and at present, the discourse is supported by the government which resettled them from the sea to the land as part of the modernization of disadvantaged areas in the New Order era. This government label to them was later influenced the Malays perception. Moreover, negative assumption also appears along with the cultural identity differences between both of the tribes, of which the Malays condense with Islamic tradition, while Orang Suku Laut doesn?t. At this situation, thus the identity of Orang Suku Laut is staked within socio-cultural dispute or contestation (the attraction process) among themselves in practicing their everyday lives."

"It unfortunately reveals that regional autonomy, and so to education autonomy as an integral part of it, as reflected through UU No.22 Tahun 1999 has not touched the very basic of cultural values and process of democracy, one core element it should significantly contain with. Central as well as regional policy makers and politicians, especially, have spent much their time to physical need and financial balancing debates between central and locals and deliberately forget the intrinsic cultural issue of the term, that is democracy as a cultural value formation process. Taking our current national education situation into account this article tries to introduce some cultural principles education autonomy should aim at. Based on holism in cultural approach education autonomy should pay attention seriously to strengthening community support to education."

"This article aims to analyze the complexity of interactions between Bajo fishermen communities and their sea environment in the form of coral reef resource management in Takabonerate in the past time by application of the paradigm of communalism in human ecology. The question proposed is how to construct the complexity of the interaction between Bajo fishermen communities and their sea environment in the context of belief systems, and socio-economic and political institutions in the early time of their arrival in Takabonerate archipelago up to the of 1940s. The article's material are taken from field research reports in which the data/information was gained by depth interviews and observation according to the focus of study and the chosen approach. The Bajo fishermen communities under study are concentrated in the village of Rajuni Island (as the center of the old Bajo Kingdom). This analysis indicates that the management patterns of sea environment and coral reef resource use applied by Bajo fishernen communities of Takabonerate are based on models of the great Panglima Menteng institution. The management is characterized by strong collective order; the sea resource use management reflects the intersubjective relations between human societies and natural/sea environment spirits; equity of household socio-economic welfare; the constantly controlled condition of environment and the balanced natural resource use."

"The writer put forward that in mainstream social sciences not much attention is given to problems related to power relationship in small social units such as the family. Thus in this article attempts are made to describe how much autonomy women have regarding household economy matters. The description of cases is based on research conducted in Jakarta by the team of "Srikandi Foundation" a small research institute of which writer is one of the chairpersons."