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"Obesitas pada remaja merupakan akumulasi lemak pada tubuh yang terjadi secara bertahap. Obesitas terjadi karena interaksi yang sangat kompleks antara parental fatness, pola makan, dan gaya hidup. Prevalensi obesitas pada remaja di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik antara remaja obesitas dan non obesitas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observational analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 orang dengan usia 15-17 tahun di SMAK Santa Agnes Surabaya secara simple random sampling, yang terdiri atas 20 orang obesitas dan 20 orang non obesitas. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney untuk tingkat pengetahuan gizi remaja, pengeluaran jajan remaja, frekuensi makan, pola konsumsi makanan cepat saji, pola konsumsi kudapan, tingkat konsumsi energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak, tingkat aktivitas fisik, serta parental fatness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada tingkat pengetahuan gizi remaja, pengeluaran jajan remaja, frekuensi makan, pola konsumsi makanan cepat saji, pola konsumsi kudapan atau makanan ringan, serta tingkat konsumsi energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak, antara kelompok obesitas dan kelompok non obesitas. Demikian juga untuk tingkat aktivitas fisik dan parental fatness, terdapat perbedaan antara remaja pada kelompok obesitas dengan non obesitas. Adanya perbedaan parental fatness, pola makan dan aktivitas remaja antara kelompok obesitas dengan non obesitas. Oleh karena itu, disarankan pemberian informasi dan pendidikan tentang pola makan yang sehat dan aktivitas fisik yang cukup untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas.

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Obesity in teenage is a syndrome that happened because of fat accumulation in the body. Obesity occured because of complex interaction between parental fatness, food pattern, and physical activity. In Indonesia, prevalence of teenage obesity is gradually increasing. The aim of this research was to analyze about the difference of food pattern and physical activity between obesity and non obesity teenage group.

This study was an analytical observational research with cross sectional design. The samples were 40 teenage from Santa Agnes senior high school Surabaya (age 15-17) that was taken by simple random sampling, that divers to 20 obese and 20 non obese teenage group. The data were analysed by Mann Whitney test for nutrition knowledge, pocket money, food pattern, fast food's consumption, snack?s consumption pattern, consumption level of energy, carbohydrat, protein, and fat, physical activity and parental fatness.

The result of the statistic test showed that variables significant difference are nutrition knowledge, pocket money, food pattern, fast food?s consumption, snack?s consumption pattern, energy consumption level, carbohydrate consumption level, protein consumption level, fat consumption level, physical activity and parental fatness between obese and non obese teenage group. The conlusion is that significant differences are food pattern and physical activity between obese and non obese teenage group. Recommendation is necessary to provide information and education to teenage about healthy food and adequate physical activity to prevent obesity."

"Pendahuluan: WHO menyatakan pada tahun 2013 terdapat lebih dari 42 juta anak-anak mengalami obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara pola makan dengan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan pada Juli-September 2015 di SDN 01 Menteng Jakarta. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan antropometri dan kuesioner food recall 48 jam. Data yang diperoleh kemudian di analisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pola makan tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas dengan nilai p>0.05. Diskusi: Hasil ini berbedadengan beberapa penelitian terdahulu yang mungkin disebabkan oleh pro.

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Introduction: WHO states that in 2013 there were more than 42 million children are obese. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between diet and obesity in primary school age.

Method: This study uses a crosssectional study design conducted in July-September 2015 at SDN 01 Menteng Jakarta. Data taken from anthropometry and 48-hour food recall questionnaire. The data analyzed using Chi-Square test.

Result: Statistical analysis showed that the diet has no significant association with obesity with p> 0.05.

Discussion: This result is in contrast to some previous studies that might be caused by inappropriate proportion of subjects, information bias, and low questionnaires return rate."

"ABSTRAKEra globalisasi memiliki dampak positif dan negatif terhadap status kesehatan masyarakat. Seiring bertambahnya populasi masyarakat yang tinggal di perkotaan, meningkat pula masalah kesehatan yang timbul, salah satunya yaitu obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Obesitas pada anak usia sekolah harus segera ditangani melalui asuhan keperawatan keluarga. Tujuan dilakukannya intervensi keperawatan mengacu pada lima tugas kesehatan keluarga. Intervensi unggulan yang dilakukan berupa pengaturan pola makan berdasarkan pedoman gizi seimbang. Asuhan keperawatan keluarga dilakukan berdasarkan lima tahapan proses keperawatan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa secara kognitif dan psikomotor keluarga tentang pengaturan pola makan mengalami peningkatan dan terjadi penurunan berat badan pada anak. Diharapkan perawat dapat melakukan pembinaan keluarga dengan anak usia sekolah yang memiliki masalah gizi melalui asuhan keperawatan keluarga secara rutin dan berkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACTGlobalization era has positive and negative effects to public health. Increasing urban population, increased health problems too. One of the health problems is obesity in school aged children. Obesity in school aged children should be treated immediately through family nursing care. The aim of the intervention refers to five family heatlh tasks. The major nursing intervention that implemented is dietary adjustments based on balance nutrition guidelines. Family nursing care implemented based on nursing process. Evaluation shows the increasing family rsquo s cognitive and psychomotor about dietary adjustments and weight loss occurs in children. Hopefully, nurses can conduct the family with school aged children who have nutritional problems through family nursing care regularly and sustainably."

"Metode: Data - data didapatkan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makan yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2012 hingga Juni 2012 di kampus salemba, fakultas kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Sampel dari studi ini menggunakan data dari mahasiswa kelas internasional tingkat pre klinik, dan sebelumnya didapatkan persetujuan dari masing-masing mahasiwa. Pengukuran yang dilakukan dalam mengukur status gizi adalah Body Mass Index untuk Asia. Data yang didapat di analisa menggunakan program SPSS 11,5 untuk program Windows. Tes Chi-square digunakan untuk menganalisa data. Tes lain yang juga digunakan adalah Spearman dan Sommers'D. Hasil: Dengan total 100 mahasiswa, diantaranya adalah 57 siswa laki-laki (57%), dan 43 siswa perempuan (43%). Dari total populasi hanya 4% dari mereka yang tergolong obesitas, hampir 40% dari mereka tergolong dalam batas normal, dan dengan jumlah yang lebih besar yaitu hampir 50% dari populasi memiliki status gizi kurang dari normal. 8 jenis sumber nutrisi (karbohidrat, protein hewani, protein nabati, lemak, susu, sayuran, buah dan lain-lain) dikategorikan dalam 3 frekuensi yaitu kurang, cukup, dan berlebih. Kategori Sayuran, lain-lain, susu, dan protein nabati memiliki hubungan dengan status gizi (Body Mass Index), dengan p-value diurutkan 0,004; 0,001; 0,001; dan 0,000. Dimana karbohidrat, protein hewani, lemak, dan buah-buahan tidak memiliki hub ungan dengan status gizi (body mass index) Kesimpulan: pola asupan makanan berhubungan dengan status gizi di dalam mahasiswa pre klinik kedokteran. Body Mass Index cenderung meninggi pada mahasiwa yang lebih sering makan. Dimana tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat kuliah mahasiswa dengan obesitas di dalam mahasiwa kedokteran.

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Methods: The data was collected using a food frequency questionnaire that was carried out between May 2012 to June 2012 at Salemba Campus, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The sample from this study is using the preclinical year’s International Class students of the Faculty of Medicine, and informed consent is filled beforehand. Measurement used in categorizing nutritional status is BMI (Body Mass Index) for Asia. The data was analyzed using computer with SPSS 11,5 for Windows software. Chi-square test was used to analyses the data. Other tests that also used are Spearman and Sommers’D.

Result: In total of 100 students, 57 males (57%) and 43 females (43%). In total population only 4% of them are having obesity, nearly 40% in normal weight range, whereas the bigger percentage by almost 50% have their weight lower than the normal range. 8 kind of source of nutrients (carbohydrate, animal peotein, vegetable protein, fat, milk, vegetable, fruits, and miscelenous) categorized into frequencies (less, good, excess). Vegetable, miscellaneous, milk, and vegetable protein have relation to body mass index, with p-value 0,004, 0,001, 0,001 and 0.000 respectively. Whereas carbohydrates, animal protein, fat and fruits do not have relation to body mass index.

Conclusion: Dietary Pattern is related to nutritional status among medical students. BMI has tendencies to increase as the frquency of the meal taken increse. Whereas there is no relation between the grade among medical students and the obesity among the medical studnets."

"[Latar belakang: Konsumsi MRDPG meningkat secara paralel dengan peningkatan prevalens obesitas di seluruh dunia sehingga diduga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko obesitas yang bermakna. Data di Indonesia terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG dan hubungannya dengan obesitas pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap I (studi potong lintang) didesain untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG (total sampling). Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada Tahap II (studi kasus kontrol) secara purposive sampling (subjek obes dan gizi baik) dengan matching (usia dan jenis kelamin). MRDPG yang diteliti adalah soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, teh manis, dan kopi instan/siap saji. Konsumsi MRDPG dinilai dengan semi kuantitatif FFQ yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan antropometri dilakukan dengan cara standar sesuai protokol. Risiko obes karena konsumsi MRDPG dianalisis dengan conditional logistic regression bersama dengan faktor perancu. Hasil: Sebanyak 421 dan 182 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian tahap I dan II. Proporsi subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG adalah 92,2% dan 63,9% di antaranya mengonsumsi 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari. Konsumsi MRDPG pada anak lelaki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan (P<0,001). Rerata konsumsi MRDPG berdasarkan volume, kalori, dan gula tambahan adalah 348 ml, 117 kkal, dan 26,6 gram per hari (≈ 5 sdt gula pasir setiap hari). Kontribusi kalori terbesar adalah teh manis dan yang terkecil soda. Subjek mengonsumsi MRDPG di antara 2 waktu makan dan di semua tempat. Setelah mengontrol faktor perancu, subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari memiliki risiko obes sebesar 2,54 kali (RO 2,54; IK 95% 1,07-6,05; P=0,03). Risiko tersebut bertambah sebesar 45% untuk setiap konsumsi 1 porsi (RO 1,45; IK 95% 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 porsi=240 ml). Teh manis dan kopi instan/siap saji menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas. Simpulan: Pola konsumsi MRDPG pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun mengkhawatirkan. Semakin sering seorang anak mengonsumsi MRDPG, semakin besar kemungkinannya menjadi obes;Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese., Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese.]"

"Prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan yang bermakna dari tahun ke tahun, termasuk di dalamnya prevalensi obesitas sentral yang dapat diukur melalui lingkar pinggang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara asupan energi total, asupan lemak, dan lingkar pinggang dengan kadar HbA1c pada obesitas. Penelitian dilakukan di kantor Balai Kota DKI Jakarta dari akhir bulan November sampai Desember 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling, didapatkan 47 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Karakteristik subyek yang diambil adalah usia, jenis kelamin dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Variabel data yang diteliti adalah asupan energi total, asupan lemak, lingkar pinggang, dan kadar HbA1c. Hasil penelitian didapatkan subyek terbanyak berusia antara 36-50 tahun (93,6%), sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 27 subyek (57,4%), dan sebanyak 35 subyek (74,5%) termasuk kategori obes I, karena sebagian besar subyek berada pada rentang usia 36 sampai 50 tahun, maka selanjutnya analisis data dan pembahasan dilakukan pada 44 subyek dengan rentang usia tersebut. Asupan energi total 32 subyek (72,7%) dibawah AKG (˂ 70% AKG). Median (min-maks) asupan energi total adalah sebesar 1225,8(766,0-4680) kkal. Sebagian besar subyek penelitian mengonsumsi lemak lebih dari persentase KET yang dianjurkan yaitu sebanyak 42 orang subyek (95,5%). Seluruh subyek laki-laki dan sebagian besar subyek perempuan (84%) memiliki LP lebih. Rerata kadar HbA1c pada subyek laki-laki adalah 6,3±0,2% dan perempuan 6,3±0,3%, dan hampir sebagian besar (68,2%) memiliki kadar HbA1c berisiko tinggi. Terdapat korelasi negatif tidak bermakna antara asupan energi total dengan kadar HbA1c pada subyek laki-laki (r=-0,15, p=0,536) dan korelasi positif tidak bermakna pada subyek perempuan (r=0,28, p=0,898). Korelasi negatif tidak bermakna dijumpai antara asupan lemak dengan kadar HbA1c pada seluruh subyek (r=-0,06, p=0,687). Korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara lingkar pinggang dengan kadar HbA1c terdapat pada seluruh subyek (r=0,18, p=0,236).

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The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is increasing and also the prevalence of central obesity which can be measured by waist circumference. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between total energy intake, fat intake, and waist circumference with HbA1c levels in obes subject. Data collection was conducted during November to December 2013 in the institution of Balaikota DKI Jakarta. The subjects was obtained by consecutive sampling, and 47 subjects who meet study criteria were enrolled in this study. The data collection were characteristics of the subjects including age, gender and body mass index (BMI), as well as total energy intake, fat intake, waist circumference, and HbA1c levels.

The results showed the highest age between 36-50 years (93.6%), majority of the subjects were female (57.4%), and catagorized as obese I (74.5%). Because most of the subjects were in the range of age 36 to 50 years, the data analysis and discussion conducted on 44 subjects. Most of the subject had total energy intake under RDI requirements, i.e., 13 people (68.4 %) of male and 19 subjects (76%) of female subjects. Most of the subjects (42 subjects, 95.5%) had fat intake over recommended percentage of total energy requirement. All of the male and most of female subjects (84%) have waist circumference greater than the normal criteria. Mean of HbA1c levels were 6.3±0.2%, for male subjects and almost the same levels for female subjects, while 68.2% of the subjects were categorized as high risk. The were no significant negative correlation between total energy intake and HbA1c levels in male subjects (r =-0.15, p=0,536) and no significant in female subjects (r=0.28, p=0.898). There were no significant negative correlation between fat intake and HbA1c levels in all subjects (r=-0.06, p=0.687), while non significant positive correlation between waist circumference and HbA1c levels were found in all subjects (r=0.18, p=0.236)."

"Obesitas didefinisikan sebagai kondisi meningkatnya berat badan individu akibat penumpukan jaringan lemak berlebih di dalam tubuh. Gaya hidup kurang gerak (sedentary) disertai dengan pola makan yang tidak sehat, turut meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya kelebihan gizi dan obesitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi obesitas serta faktor risiko obesitas terkait lainnya, seperti faktor demografik (umur, jenis kelamin, jenjang pendidikan, pekerjaan), dan gaya hidup (merokok, olahraga, konsumsi alkohol). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang dimulai dari bulan April 2011 dengan melakukan anamnesis dan pengukuran antropometri pada penduduk Kelurahan Kayu Putih, Jakarta Timur. Kriteria obesitas yang digunakan adalah kriteria IMT yang dipakai oleh Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Analisis hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan obesitas di studi ini dilakukan melalui uji Chi-square bila syarat terpenuhi. Didapatkanlah prevalensi obesitas di Kelurahan Kayu Putih sebanyak 35.2% dan ditemukanlah hubungan yang bermakna (p=0.043), antara prevalensi obesitas dan tingkat pendidikan responden sementara faktor-faktor yang lain tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas.

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Obesity, a condition of excessive accumulation of body fat beyond physical requirements and skeletal limitation, has now become a public health concern. The condition of having a sedentary lifestyle where physical exercise is lacking and a healthy-balanced diet are neglected, increases the possibility of being overweight and obese. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of obesity and its related factors, such as demographical factors (age, gender, level of education, occupation) and lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption).

Starting from April 2011, this cross sectional research design was done by performing history taking and anthropometry measurements to the citizens. The criteria of obesity are based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) classification used by Indonesia's Ministry of Health. Analysis of the related risk factors with obesity is done using the Chi-square test, when the required conditions are met. The prevalence of obesity in Kelurahan Kayu Putih was 35.2%. Chi square analysis showed a significant relationship (p=0.043), between the prevalence of obesity and the respondents? level of education; whereas, other factors did not."

"The prevalance of obesity is increasing globally, both in developed and developing countries including Indonesia. Obesity accurs due to imbalance between energy intake and energy release for a long time as indicated by body mass index (BMI)...."